The relationship between physical activity and self-esteem among Turkish university students: a gender perspective; a multidisciplinary and multi-center study
Abstract
Aims: The current study aimed to examine the associations between physical exercise and self-esteem as well as other social-cognitive variables including self-efficacy and body image among Turkish university students.
Methods: Sociodemographic Information Form, short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Body Cathexis Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale were administered to 1167 students.
Results: There were significant gender differences in total, vigorous, moderate activity, and walking scores as well as body image scores in favor of male participants; while female participants had significantly higher self-efficacy scores. There were significant differences between sedentary, active, and very active participants in terms of self-esteem, and body image and between all groups in terms of self-efficacy. Also, there were significant and positive correlations between physical activity and self-esteem, and between body image and self-efficacy in university students.
Conclusion: Level of physical activity increased with age. This increased level of physical activity showed positive correlations with self-esteem, body image, and self-efficacy.
Keywords
References
- Joseph RP, Royse KE, Benitez TJ, Pekmezi DW. Physical activity and quality of life among university students: exploring self-efficacy, self-esteem, and affect as potential mediators. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(2):659-667.
- Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 2016
- Kavosi A, Saadati M, Movahedi A, et al. Physical activity enhances self-esteem of male college students; a randomized controlled trial. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2015;3(2):49-52.
- Fox KR. The influence of physical activity on mental well-being. Public Health Nutr. 1999;2(3a):411-418
- Salamuddin N, Harun MT, Al-Rashed SA. The effects of selected aerobic exercise modalities on self esteem among female students. Asian Soc Sci. 2014;10(5):141.
- Wunsch K, Fiedler J, Bachert P, Woll A. The tridirectional relationship among physical activity, stress, and academic performance in university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):739.
- Hubbs A, Doyle EI, Bowden RG, Doyle RD. Relationships among self-esteem, stress, and physical activity in college students. Psychol Rep. 2012;110(2):469-474.
- Bandura A, Cervone D. Differential engagement of self-reactive influences in cognitive motivation. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 1986;38(1):92-113.
- Bandura A, Freeman WH, Lightsey R. Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. J Cogn Psychother. 1999;13(2):158-166.
- Anderson ES, Wojcik JR, Winett RA, Williams DM. Social-cognitive determinants of physical activity: the influence of social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulation among participants in a church-based health promotion study. Health Psychol. 2006;25(4):510.
- Scully D, Kremer J, Meade MM, Graham R, Dudgeon K. Physical exercise and psychological well being: a critical review. Br J Sports Med. 1998;32(2):111-120.
- Lowery SE, Nicpon MF, Blanks EH, et al. Body image, self-esteem, and health-related behaviors among male and female first year college students. J Coll Stud Dev. 2005;46(6):612-622
- Saglam M, Arıkan H, Savcı S, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111(1):278-284.
- Cuhadaroglu F. Adolescents’ Self-Esteem. phD Thesis, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatrics, Ankara;1986.
- Hovardaoğlu S. Özdemir YD. Vücut algısı ölçeğinin güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması/Şizofrenik ve majör depresif hastaların beden imgelerinden doyum düzeyleri, yayınlanmamış yüksek lisan tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara; 1990.
- Aypay A. Genel Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği (GÖYÖ)’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması. İnönü Üni Eğit Fak Derg. 2010;11(2):113-132.
- Rathee NK. Analysis of self-perception among female college students. JESP. 2009;5(2):87-90.
- Tiggemann M, Williamson S. The effect of exercise on body satisfaction and self-esteem as a function of gender and age. Sex Roles. 2000;43(1):119-127.
- Fox KR. The effects of exercise on self-perceptions and self-esteem. In: Biddle SJ, Fox KR, Boutcher SH, eds. Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being. London: Routledge:2000:88-117.
- Ekeland E, Heian F, Hagen KB. Can exercise improve self esteem in children and young people? a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(11):792-798.
- Lowery SE, Nicpon MF, Blanks EH, et al. Body image, self-esteem, and health-related behaviors among male and female first year college students. J Coll Stud Dev. 2005;46(6):612-623.
- Pauline J. Physical activity behaviors, motivation, and self-efficacy among college students. Coll Stud J. 2013;47(1):64-67.
Abstract
References
- Joseph RP, Royse KE, Benitez TJ, Pekmezi DW. Physical activity and quality of life among university students: exploring self-efficacy, self-esteem, and affect as potential mediators. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(2):659-667.
- Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 2016
- Kavosi A, Saadati M, Movahedi A, et al. Physical activity enhances self-esteem of male college students; a randomized controlled trial. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2015;3(2):49-52.
- Fox KR. The influence of physical activity on mental well-being. Public Health Nutr. 1999;2(3a):411-418
- Salamuddin N, Harun MT, Al-Rashed SA. The effects of selected aerobic exercise modalities on self esteem among female students. Asian Soc Sci. 2014;10(5):141.
- Wunsch K, Fiedler J, Bachert P, Woll A. The tridirectional relationship among physical activity, stress, and academic performance in university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):739.
- Hubbs A, Doyle EI, Bowden RG, Doyle RD. Relationships among self-esteem, stress, and physical activity in college students. Psychol Rep. 2012;110(2):469-474.
- Bandura A, Cervone D. Differential engagement of self-reactive influences in cognitive motivation. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 1986;38(1):92-113.
- Bandura A, Freeman WH, Lightsey R. Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. J Cogn Psychother. 1999;13(2):158-166.
- Anderson ES, Wojcik JR, Winett RA, Williams DM. Social-cognitive determinants of physical activity: the influence of social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulation among participants in a church-based health promotion study. Health Psychol. 2006;25(4):510.
- Scully D, Kremer J, Meade MM, Graham R, Dudgeon K. Physical exercise and psychological well being: a critical review. Br J Sports Med. 1998;32(2):111-120.
- Lowery SE, Nicpon MF, Blanks EH, et al. Body image, self-esteem, and health-related behaviors among male and female first year college students. J Coll Stud Dev. 2005;46(6):612-622
- Saglam M, Arıkan H, Savcı S, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111(1):278-284.
- Cuhadaroglu F. Adolescents’ Self-Esteem. phD Thesis, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatrics, Ankara;1986.
- Hovardaoğlu S. Özdemir YD. Vücut algısı ölçeğinin güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması/Şizofrenik ve majör depresif hastaların beden imgelerinden doyum düzeyleri, yayınlanmamış yüksek lisan tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara; 1990.
- Aypay A. Genel Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği (GÖYÖ)’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması. İnönü Üni Eğit Fak Derg. 2010;11(2):113-132.
- Rathee NK. Analysis of self-perception among female college students. JESP. 2009;5(2):87-90.
- Tiggemann M, Williamson S. The effect of exercise on body satisfaction and self-esteem as a function of gender and age. Sex Roles. 2000;43(1):119-127.
- Fox KR. The effects of exercise on self-perceptions and self-esteem. In: Biddle SJ, Fox KR, Boutcher SH, eds. Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being. London: Routledge:2000:88-117.
- Ekeland E, Heian F, Hagen KB. Can exercise improve self esteem in children and young people? a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(11):792-798.
- Lowery SE, Nicpon MF, Blanks EH, et al. Body image, self-esteem, and health-related behaviors among male and female first year college students. J Coll Stud Dev. 2005;46(6):612-623.
- Pauline J. Physical activity behaviors, motivation, and self-efficacy among college students. Coll Stud J. 2013;47(1):64-67.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Physiotherapy |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 15, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 |
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