Research Article
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Levels of anxiety and hopelessness levels and relating factors in individuals who had been taken to quarantine in an institution during COVID-19 pandemic

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 54 - 63, 23.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.817512

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the anxiety and hopelessness levels, the relationship between anxiety and hopelessness and the risk factors in individuals under quarantined during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Materials and Methods: Data were collected by using sociodemographic data form, Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and State Anxiety Scale (SAS).
Results: BHS loss of motivation (BHSML) subscale scores of primary school graduates, those who unemployed, those with a history of psychiatric disease; BHS feelings and expectations about the future (BHSFE) subscale and BHST scores in those who unemployed, those with a history of psychiatric disease; BHS hope (BHSH) subscale scores in university graduates; SAS levels were found to be higher in those with sleep disorders and those who used social media for 8 hours or more
Conclusion: Our results can help mental health professionals and health authorities during the epidemic..

References

  • Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized an xiety disorder,depressive symptos and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-basedcross-sectional survey. PsychiatryResearch. 2020;288: 1129-54. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954.
  • World Healty Organization. Virüs disease dashboard.https://COVID19.who.int/.23.10.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Covıd-19 Hasta Tablosu. https://COVID19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/. 23.10.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Huremović, D. Social distancing, quarantine, and isolation. Springer, Cham. In Psychiatry of Pandemics. 2020;85-94. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5_8
  • Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychology, Health & Medicine.2021;26(1),13-22. doi:10.1080/13548506.2020.1746817.
  • Biondi M, Angela Iannitelli A. COVID-19 and stress in the pandemic: “sanity is not statistical”. RivPsichiatr. 2020;55(3):131-136. doi: 10.1708/3382.33568.
  • Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J SocPsychiatry. 2020;20764020927051. doi:10.1177/0020764020927051.
  • Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang L, Xu M. Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people affected by versus people unaffected by quarantine during the covıd-19 epidemic in South Western China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e924609. doi:10.12659/MSM.924609.
  • Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Chen S,WangY,Fu H, Dai J. Mental health problems and socialmedia exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. Plos One.2020;15(4):e0231924. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231924.
  • Wang Y, Zhu LY, Ma YF, Bo HX, Deng HB, Cao J, et.al. Association of insomnia disorder with sociodemographic factors and poor mental health in COVID-19 inpatients in China. Sleep Medicine. 2020;75:282-286. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.011.
  • Mihashi M, Otsubo Y, Yinjuan X, Nagatomi K, Hoshiko M, Ishitake T. Predictive factors of psychological disorder development during recovery following SARS outbreak. Health Psychology. 2009;28:91–100. doi: 10.1037/a0013674.
  • Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et. al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how toreduce it: Rapidreview of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020;395:912–920. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
  • Rohde C, Jefsen OH, Noerremark B, Danielsen AA, Psychiatric Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Med Rxiv. 2020: 1–3. doi: 10.1017 / neu.2020.24
  • Hmielowski JD, Donaway R, Wang MY. Environmental risk information seeking: The differential roles of anxiety and hopelessness. Environmenta Communication. 2019;13(7):894-908. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2018.1500926.
  • Hallit S, Haddad C, Hallit R, Akel M, Obeid S, Haddad G,Soufia M, Khansa W, et al. Validation of the Hamilton anxiety rating scale and state trait anxiety inventory a and B in Arabic among the Lebanese population. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2019;7:464-70. doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2020.03.028.
  • Ak M, Özmenler KN, Bozkurt A. Depresyon hastalarında belirti şiddeti ve umutsuzluğun intihar davranışı üzerindeki etkisi. Kriz dergisi. 2006;14:1-7.
  • Kardaş F, Tanhan F. Van depremini yaşayan üniversite öğrencilerinin travma sonrası stres, travma sonrası büyüme ve umutsuzluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi. YYÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;15(1):1-36. doi: 10.23891/efdyyu.2018.60.
  • Panzarella C, Alloy LB, Whitehouse WG. Expanded hopelessness theory of depression: On the mechanisms by which social support protects against depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2006; 30(3): 307-333. doi: 10.1007/s10608-006-9048-3.
  • Marchetti I. Hopelessness: A network analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2019;43(3): 611-619. doi: 10.1007/s10608-018-9981-y.
  • Durak A, Palabıyıkoğlu R. Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeğİ Geçerlilik Çalişmasi. Kriz Dergis.1994; 2(2): 311-319.
  • Öner N, Le Compte A. Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri el kitabı. İstanbul: İstanbul Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1985.
  • Erözkan A. Investigation of factors predicting the anxiety level of university senior students. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences. 2011; 3(2):776-805.
  • Yıldız M. Tutuklu ve hükümlülerde umutsuzluk, ölüme ilişkin depresyon ve ölüm kaygısı ilişkisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2011;35(1):1-7.
  • Maunder R, Hunter J, Vincent L, Bennett J, Mazzulli T. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. Cmaj, 2003; 168(10): 1245–51.
  • Tam CWC, Pang EPF, Lam LCW, Chiu HFK. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare worker. Psychological medicine. 2004;34(7):1197–04. doi: 10.1017/S0033291704002247.
  • Li S, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhao N, Zhu T. The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: A study on active weibo users. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6):2032. doi:10.3390/ijerph17062032
  • Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development andinitial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2020;27:1–9. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8.
  • Wang M, Jiang W, Cheng P. Mental Health Peer to Peer Supportvia Social Media practice reference During COVID-19 Pandemics 2020. Psy Ar Xiv. doi:10.31234/osf.io/u4pqy.
  • Artar M. Depremi yaşayan ergenlerin gelecek beklentilerinin içeriği. Kriz Dergisi. 2003;11(3): 21-27.
  • Mitchell UA, Ailshire JA, Brown LL, Levine ME, Crimmins EM. Education and psychosocial functioning among older adults: 4-year change in sense of control and hopelessness. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 2018;73(5), 849-859. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbw031.
  • Yiğitalp G, Saka G. Çevresel asbeste maruz kalan erişkin bireylerde kaygı ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri. Dicle Tıp Dergis.i 2017; 44 (4) : 355-364. doi: 10.5798/dicletip.362406.
  • Roberts T, Esponda MG, Krupchanka D, Shidhaye R, Patel V, Rathod S. Factors associated with health service utilisation for common mental disorders: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18:262. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1837-1.
  • Taylor MR, Agho KE, Stevens GJ, Raphael B. Factors influencing psychological distress during a disease epidemic: data from Australia's first outbreak of equine influenza. BMC Public Health. 2008;8(1):347. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-347.
  • Hacimusalar Y, Kahve AC, Yaşar AB, Aydin MS. Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Anxiety and Hopelessness Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study in Healthcare Workers and Community Sample in Turkey. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2020;129:181-188. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.
  • Solomou I, Constantinidou F. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms during the covıd-19 pandemic and compliance with precautionary measures: Age and sex matter. Int. J. Environ. Res. PublicHealth . 2020;17(14): 4924. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17144924.
  • Haatainen KM, Tanskanen A, Kylmä J,Antikainen R, Hintikka J, Honkalampi K, et al. Life events are important in the course of hopelessness-a 2-year follow-upstudy in a general population. Soc Psychiatry Epidemiol. 2003;38(8):436-441. doi:10.1007/s00127-003-0660-1.
  • Crayne MP. The traumatic ımpact of job loss and job search in the after math of COVID-19. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2020;12:(S1)S180–S182ISSN: 1942-9681. doi:10.1037/tra0000852.
  • Das N. Psychiatrist in post-COVID-19 era – Are we prepared?. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020;51 (online first), 1-2. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102082.
  • Morin CM, Julie Carrier J. The acute effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on insomnia and psychological symptoms. Sleep Medicine. 2020;6. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.005.
  • Simpson N, Manber R. Treating ınsomnia during the covıd-19 pandemic: Observations and perspectives from a behavioral sleep medicine clinic. Behavıoral Sleep Medıcıne. 2020;18:573–575. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1765781
  • Fang H, Tu S, Sheng J, Shao A. Depression in sleep disturbance: A review on a bidirectional relationship, mechanisms and treatment. J.Cell Mol Med. 2019;23: 2324–2332. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14170.
  • Üstün G. Determining depression and related factors in a society affected by COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2020. doi: 10.1177/0020764020938807
  • Aker S, Mıdık Ö. The views of medical faculty students in turkey concerning the covıd-19 pandemic. J Community Health. 2020;45:684–688. doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00841-9.
  • Pappas G, Blanco JR, Oteo JA. Q fever in Logrono: an attack scenario. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2007;25(3):199–203. doi: 10.1157/13099373.
  • Kumar A, Somani, A. Dealing with Coronavirus anxiety and OCD. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020;51:102053. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102053.

COVİD-19 sebebiyle bir kurumda karantina altında bulunan bireylerde kaygı ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 54 - 63, 23.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.817512

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 salgını sırasında karantina altındaki bireylerde kaygı ve umutsuzluk düzeylerini, kaygı ve umutsuzluk arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bunları etkileyen risk faktörlerini tanımlamaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Veriler sosyodemografik veri formu, Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği (BUÖ) ve Durumluk Kaygı ölçeği (DKÖ) ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: İlköğretim mezunlarında, 3 ya da daha fazla çocuğu olanlarda, çalışmayanlarda, psikiyatrik hastalık öyküsü olanlarda BUÖ motivasyon kaybı alt ölçek (BUÖMK) puanları; çalışmayanlarda, geçmiş psikiyatrik öyküsü olanlarda BUÖ gelecekle ilgili duygular ve beklentiler alt ölçeği (BUÖGİDB) ile BUÖT puanları; üniversite mezunlarında BUÖ umut alt ölçeği (BUÖU) puanları; uyku bozukluğu olanlarda, 8 saat ve üstünde sosyal medya kullananlarda DKÖ puanları, daha yüksek bulunmuştur. DKÖ düzeyi BUÖGİDB ve BUÖMK ile pozitif, BUÖU ile negatif yönde korelasyon göstermiştir.
Sonuç: Bulgularımız salgın sırasında ruh sağlığının korunması hakkında ruh sağlığı profesyonellerine ve sağlık otoritelerine yardımcı olabilir.

References

  • Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized an xiety disorder,depressive symptos and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-basedcross-sectional survey. PsychiatryResearch. 2020;288: 1129-54. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954.
  • World Healty Organization. Virüs disease dashboard.https://COVID19.who.int/.23.10.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Covıd-19 Hasta Tablosu. https://COVID19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/. 23.10.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Huremović, D. Social distancing, quarantine, and isolation. Springer, Cham. In Psychiatry of Pandemics. 2020;85-94. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5_8
  • Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychology, Health & Medicine.2021;26(1),13-22. doi:10.1080/13548506.2020.1746817.
  • Biondi M, Angela Iannitelli A. COVID-19 and stress in the pandemic: “sanity is not statistical”. RivPsichiatr. 2020;55(3):131-136. doi: 10.1708/3382.33568.
  • Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J SocPsychiatry. 2020;20764020927051. doi:10.1177/0020764020927051.
  • Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang L, Xu M. Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people affected by versus people unaffected by quarantine during the covıd-19 epidemic in South Western China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e924609. doi:10.12659/MSM.924609.
  • Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Chen S,WangY,Fu H, Dai J. Mental health problems and socialmedia exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. Plos One.2020;15(4):e0231924. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231924.
  • Wang Y, Zhu LY, Ma YF, Bo HX, Deng HB, Cao J, et.al. Association of insomnia disorder with sociodemographic factors and poor mental health in COVID-19 inpatients in China. Sleep Medicine. 2020;75:282-286. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.011.
  • Mihashi M, Otsubo Y, Yinjuan X, Nagatomi K, Hoshiko M, Ishitake T. Predictive factors of psychological disorder development during recovery following SARS outbreak. Health Psychology. 2009;28:91–100. doi: 10.1037/a0013674.
  • Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et. al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how toreduce it: Rapidreview of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020;395:912–920. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
  • Rohde C, Jefsen OH, Noerremark B, Danielsen AA, Psychiatric Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Med Rxiv. 2020: 1–3. doi: 10.1017 / neu.2020.24
  • Hmielowski JD, Donaway R, Wang MY. Environmental risk information seeking: The differential roles of anxiety and hopelessness. Environmenta Communication. 2019;13(7):894-908. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2018.1500926.
  • Hallit S, Haddad C, Hallit R, Akel M, Obeid S, Haddad G,Soufia M, Khansa W, et al. Validation of the Hamilton anxiety rating scale and state trait anxiety inventory a and B in Arabic among the Lebanese population. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2019;7:464-70. doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2020.03.028.
  • Ak M, Özmenler KN, Bozkurt A. Depresyon hastalarında belirti şiddeti ve umutsuzluğun intihar davranışı üzerindeki etkisi. Kriz dergisi. 2006;14:1-7.
  • Kardaş F, Tanhan F. Van depremini yaşayan üniversite öğrencilerinin travma sonrası stres, travma sonrası büyüme ve umutsuzluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi. YYÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;15(1):1-36. doi: 10.23891/efdyyu.2018.60.
  • Panzarella C, Alloy LB, Whitehouse WG. Expanded hopelessness theory of depression: On the mechanisms by which social support protects against depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2006; 30(3): 307-333. doi: 10.1007/s10608-006-9048-3.
  • Marchetti I. Hopelessness: A network analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2019;43(3): 611-619. doi: 10.1007/s10608-018-9981-y.
  • Durak A, Palabıyıkoğlu R. Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeğİ Geçerlilik Çalişmasi. Kriz Dergis.1994; 2(2): 311-319.
  • Öner N, Le Compte A. Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri el kitabı. İstanbul: İstanbul Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1985.
  • Erözkan A. Investigation of factors predicting the anxiety level of university senior students. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences. 2011; 3(2):776-805.
  • Yıldız M. Tutuklu ve hükümlülerde umutsuzluk, ölüme ilişkin depresyon ve ölüm kaygısı ilişkisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2011;35(1):1-7.
  • Maunder R, Hunter J, Vincent L, Bennett J, Mazzulli T. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. Cmaj, 2003; 168(10): 1245–51.
  • Tam CWC, Pang EPF, Lam LCW, Chiu HFK. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare worker. Psychological medicine. 2004;34(7):1197–04. doi: 10.1017/S0033291704002247.
  • Li S, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhao N, Zhu T. The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: A study on active weibo users. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6):2032. doi:10.3390/ijerph17062032
  • Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development andinitial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2020;27:1–9. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8.
  • Wang M, Jiang W, Cheng P. Mental Health Peer to Peer Supportvia Social Media practice reference During COVID-19 Pandemics 2020. Psy Ar Xiv. doi:10.31234/osf.io/u4pqy.
  • Artar M. Depremi yaşayan ergenlerin gelecek beklentilerinin içeriği. Kriz Dergisi. 2003;11(3): 21-27.
  • Mitchell UA, Ailshire JA, Brown LL, Levine ME, Crimmins EM. Education and psychosocial functioning among older adults: 4-year change in sense of control and hopelessness. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 2018;73(5), 849-859. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbw031.
  • Yiğitalp G, Saka G. Çevresel asbeste maruz kalan erişkin bireylerde kaygı ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri. Dicle Tıp Dergis.i 2017; 44 (4) : 355-364. doi: 10.5798/dicletip.362406.
  • Roberts T, Esponda MG, Krupchanka D, Shidhaye R, Patel V, Rathod S. Factors associated with health service utilisation for common mental disorders: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18:262. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1837-1.
  • Taylor MR, Agho KE, Stevens GJ, Raphael B. Factors influencing psychological distress during a disease epidemic: data from Australia's first outbreak of equine influenza. BMC Public Health. 2008;8(1):347. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-347.
  • Hacimusalar Y, Kahve AC, Yaşar AB, Aydin MS. Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Anxiety and Hopelessness Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study in Healthcare Workers and Community Sample in Turkey. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2020;129:181-188. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.
  • Solomou I, Constantinidou F. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms during the covıd-19 pandemic and compliance with precautionary measures: Age and sex matter. Int. J. Environ. Res. PublicHealth . 2020;17(14): 4924. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17144924.
  • Haatainen KM, Tanskanen A, Kylmä J,Antikainen R, Hintikka J, Honkalampi K, et al. Life events are important in the course of hopelessness-a 2-year follow-upstudy in a general population. Soc Psychiatry Epidemiol. 2003;38(8):436-441. doi:10.1007/s00127-003-0660-1.
  • Crayne MP. The traumatic ımpact of job loss and job search in the after math of COVID-19. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2020;12:(S1)S180–S182ISSN: 1942-9681. doi:10.1037/tra0000852.
  • Das N. Psychiatrist in post-COVID-19 era – Are we prepared?. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020;51 (online first), 1-2. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102082.
  • Morin CM, Julie Carrier J. The acute effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on insomnia and psychological symptoms. Sleep Medicine. 2020;6. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.005.
  • Simpson N, Manber R. Treating ınsomnia during the covıd-19 pandemic: Observations and perspectives from a behavioral sleep medicine clinic. Behavıoral Sleep Medıcıne. 2020;18:573–575. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1765781
  • Fang H, Tu S, Sheng J, Shao A. Depression in sleep disturbance: A review on a bidirectional relationship, mechanisms and treatment. J.Cell Mol Med. 2019;23: 2324–2332. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14170.
  • Üstün G. Determining depression and related factors in a society affected by COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2020. doi: 10.1177/0020764020938807
  • Aker S, Mıdık Ö. The views of medical faculty students in turkey concerning the covıd-19 pandemic. J Community Health. 2020;45:684–688. doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00841-9.
  • Pappas G, Blanco JR, Oteo JA. Q fever in Logrono: an attack scenario. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2007;25(3):199–203. doi: 10.1157/13099373.
  • Kumar A, Somani, A. Dealing with Coronavirus anxiety and OCD. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020;51:102053. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102053.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayşegül Koç 0000-0002-2686-4734

Muhammed Emin Demirkol 0000-0001-6262-6103

Lütfiye Nur Uzun 0000-0002-8724-3843

Hümeyra Hançer Tok 0000-0003-3283-4192

Publication Date April 23, 2021
Submission Date October 30, 2020
Acceptance Date January 21, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Koç A, Demirkol ME, Uzun LN, Hançer Tok H. COVİD-19 sebebiyle bir kurumda karantina altında bulunan bireylerde kaygı ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler. ADYÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. April 2021;7(1):54-63. doi:10.30569/adiyamansaglik.817512