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Dirençli Gram Pozitif Bakteri Enfeksiyonları

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 171 - 184, 31.10.2022

Abstract

Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte immünsüpresif ve yaşlı hastalar gibi kişilerin yaşam beklentisi uzamış ancak yaşla birlikte uygulanan tedaviler ve invaziv işlemler uzamıştır. Böylece bu bireylerde sağlık hizmeti ilişkili, hastane kaynaklı enfeksiyonların ortaya çıkması kaçınılmaz bir sonuç olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Hastane enfeksiyonlarında ve salgınlarda etkenin belirlenmesi, antibiyotik direnç profilinin belirlenmesi, kaynağın belirlenmesi ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması açısından mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarının önemi ve katkısı büyüktür. Dirençli Gram-pozitif bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar, bu bireylerde sık görülen enfeksiyonlardır ve yıllar içinde antibiyotiğe dirençli tedavi başarısızlıklarının ve hatta ölümlerin artmasına neden olmuştur. Bu derlemede dirençli Gram pozitif bakteriyel enfeksiyonları sınıflandırmayı, literatür ışığında gözden geçirmeyi ve önlemek için neler yapılabileceğini tartışmayı planladık.

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Project Number

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References

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Resistant Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 171 - 184, 31.10.2022

Abstract

With the developing technology, the life expectancy of people such as immunosuppressive and elderly patients have increased, but the treatments and invasive procedures applied have increased with age. Thus, the emergence of healthcare-associated, hospital-acquired infections in these individuals has emerged as an inevitable result. In nosocomial infections and epidemics, the importance and contribution of the microbiology laboratory is great in terms of identifying the agent, determining the antibiotic resistance profile, determining the source, and taking the necessary precautions. Resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections are common infections in these individuals and have led to increased antibiotic-resistant treatment failures and even deaths over the years. In this review, we planned to classify resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections, review them in the light of the literature, and discuss what can be done to prevent them.

Project Number

yok

References

  • 1. Yilmaz M, Elaldi N, Balkan İİ, Arslan F, Batırel AA, Bakıcı MZ, et al. Mortality predictors of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a prospective multicenter study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2016;15:7. doi: 10.1186/s12941-016-0122-8.
  • 2. Erdem H, Hargreaves S, Ankarali H, Caskurlu H, Ceviker SA, Bahar-Kacmaz A,et al. Managing adult patients with infectious diseases in emergency departments: international ID-IRI study. J Chemother. 2021:1-17. doi: 10.1080/1120009X.2020.1863696. Epub ahead of print.
  • 3. Alkan Çeviker S, Elmaslar Mert HT, Yıldız Hİ, Yıldız E. Necrotizing fasciitis and necrotizing pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pyogenes after intramuscular injection in a diabetic patient: A case report. D J Med Sci 2019;5(4):4-7.
  • 4. Büke Ç. Gram-Pozitif Bakterilerde Antibiyotik Direnci. Klimik Dergisi 2010; 23: 34.
  • 5. Aydın M, Kaşıkçıoğlu C, Nargiz-Koşucu S, Timurkaynak F, Arslan H. Kan dolaşımı infeksiyonu etkenleri ve antibiyotik direnç oranları. Klimik Derg. 2016; 29(2): 82-5.
  • 6. Bryant KA, Woods CR. Healthcare-acquired infections due to Gram-positive bacteria. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27(5):455-6. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181757cf9.
  • 7. Woodford N, Livermore DM. Infections caused by Grampositive bacteria: a review of the global challenge. J Infect. 2009; 59 (Suppl. 1): S4-16.
  • 8. Avcıoğlu F, Öztürk C, Şahin İ, Öksüz Ş, Kızılırmak A, Akar N . Metisiline Dirençli Stafilokoklarda Azalmış Vankomisin Duyarlılığının Araştırılması. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2020; 10(1): 81-86.
  • 9. Doernberg SB, Lodise TP, Thaden JT, Munita JM, Cosgrove SE, Arias CA, et al; Gram-Positive Committee of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG). Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections: Research Priorities, Accomplishments, and Future Directions of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(suppl_1):24-29.
  • 10. Ak Ö, Diktaş H, Şenbayrak S, Saltoğlu N. [Skin and soft tissue infections: Diagnosis and therapy]. Klimik Derg. 2020; 33(3): 200- 12.
  • 11. Napolitano LM. Emerging issues in the diagnosis and management of infections caused by multi-drug-resistant, gram-positive cocci. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2005;6 Suppl 2:S-5-22.
  • 12. Mediavilla JR, Chen L, Mathema B, Kreiswirth BN. Global epidemiology of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Curr Opin Microbiol. 2012 Oct;15(5):588-95. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.08.003.
  • 13. Salgado CD, Farr BM, Calfee DP. Community-acquired methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus: a meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 36(2): 131-9.
  • 14. Özgüven A, Tünger Ö, Çetin ÇB, Dinç G. İlköğretim ve lise öğrencilerinde toplum kökenli metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus burun taşıyıcılığının araştırılması. Mikrobiyol Bül. 2008; 42(4): 661-7.
  • 15. Alkan Çeviker S, Günal Ö, Kılıç SS. Toplum Kökenli Metisiline Dirençli Staphylococcus aureus'un Neden Olduğu Diyabetik ayak Enfeksiyonu ve Nekrotizan Pnömoni. Klinik Tıp Solunum Aktüel Dergisi. 2019;10(1):1–4.
  • 16. Altunok ES, Meriç M, Karahan ZC, Deniz B, Ünal Ç, Willke A. Toplum kökenli metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus’un neden olduğu bir nekrotizan fasiit olgusu, Klimik Derg. 2014; 27(1): 26-9.
  • 17. Dündar D, Willke A, Sayan M, et al. Metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus izolatlarının epidemiyolojik ve moleküler özelliklerinin araştırılması: çok merkezli çalışma [Özet]. In: Akalın H, ed. XVI. Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları Kongresi (13-17 Mart 2013, Antalya) Kongre Kitabı. İstanbul: Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları Derneği, 2013: 222.
  • 18. Willke A, Sayan M, Meriç M, Mutlu B. Kan kültürlerinde üreyen stafilokoklarda metisilin direncinin gerçek zamanlı PCR ile erken tanısı. Mikrobiyol Bul 2012; 46:671-5.
  • 19. Tarai B, Das P, Kumar D. Recurrent challenges for clinicians: emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin resistance, and current treatment options. J Lab Physicians. 2013; 5(2): 71-8.
  • 20. Cepeda J, Hayman S, Whitehouse T, et al. Teicoplanin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care unit. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003; 52(3): 533-4.
  • 21. Hiramatsu K, Hanaki H, Ino T, Yabuta K, Oguri T, Tenover FC. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. J Antimicrob Chemoter 1997; 40(1): 135-6.
  • 22. Hiramatsu K. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a new model of antibiotic resistance. Lancet Infect Dis 2001; 1(3): 147-55.
  • 23. Appelbaum PC. MRSA- the tip of the iceberg. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12(Suppl 2): 3-10.
  • 24. Kuşçu F, Öztürk D, Gürbüz Y, Tütüncü E, Şencan İ, Gül S. Metisiline dirençli stafilokoklarda azalmış vankomisin duyarlılığının araştırılması. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2011; 45(2): 248-57.
  • 25. Howden BP, Davies JK, Johnson PDR, Stinear TP, Grayson ML. Reduced vancomycin susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus, including vancomycin-intermediate and heterogeneous vancomycinintermediate strains: resistance mechanisms, laboratory detection and clinical implications. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010;1: 99-139.
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There are 72 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Basic Sciences
Authors

Emine Kübra Dindar Demiray 0000-0001-6459-7182

Serpil Mızrakçı 0000-0002-7331-5877

Project Number yok
Publication Date October 31, 2022
Submission Date March 26, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Dindar Demiray EK, Mızrakçı S. Resistant Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections. Dent & Med J - R. 2022;4(3):171-84.




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