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Year 2019, Volume: 49 Issue: 3, 154 - 160, 01.12.2019

Abstract

References

  • Abdel-Hady H, Mohamed El-Sayed M, Mohamed Abdel-Gawad M, Ahmed El-Wakil E, Saleh Abdel-Hameed E-S, El-Sayed Abdel-Lateef E (2000) LC-ESI-MS analysis, antitumor and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Egyptian Allium kurrat. J Appl Pharm Sci 8(07):85-092. Ahmad MS, Ahmad S, Arshad M, Rai KB, Afzal M (2014) Terminalia catappa, an anticlastogenic agent against MMS induced genotoxicity in the human lymphocyte culture and in bone marrow cells of Albino mice. Egypt J Med Hum Genet 15(3):227–33. Allegra M, De Cicco P, Ercolano G, Attanzio A, Busà R, Cirino G, Ianaro A (2018) Indicaxanthin from Opuntia Ficus Indica (L. Mill) impairs melanoma cell proliferation, invasiveness, and tumor progression. Phytomedicine 50, 19-24. Ammar I, Ben Salem M, Harrabi B, Mzid M, Bardaa S, Sahnoun Z (2018) Anti-inflammatory activity and phenolic composition of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) flowers. Ind Crops Prod 112:313–9. Becer E, Kabadayı H, Meriçli F, Meriçli AH, Kıvançlı B, Vatansever S (2018) Apoptotic Effects of Opuntia ficus indica L. Seed Oils on Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. In MDPI 2(25):1566. Bishayee A, Sethi G (2016) Bioactive natural products in cancer prevention and therapy: Progress and promise. Semin Cancer Biol 40–41:1–3. Blois MS (1958) Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181:1199–200. Boots AW, Haenen GRMM, Bast A (2008) Health effects of quercetin: From antioxidant to nutraceutical. Eur J Pharmacol 585(2–3):325–37. Bouaouine O, Bourven I, Khalil F, Baudu M (2018) Identification of functional groups of Opuntia ficus-indica involved in coagulation process after its active part extraction. Environ Sci Pollut Res (11):11111–9. Butera D, Tesoriere L, Di Gaudio F, Bongiorno A, Allegra M, Pintaudi AM (2002) Antioxidant activities of sicilian prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) fruit extracts and reducing properties of its betalains: Betanin and indicaxanthin. J Agric Food Chem 50(23):6895–901. Cai Y, Luo Q, Sun M, Corke H (2004) Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Sci 74(17):2157–84. Carroll J, Protani M, Walpole E, Martin JH (2012) Effect of obesity on toxicity in women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 136(2):323–30. Chahar M, Sharma N, Dobhal M, Joshi Y (2011) Flavonoids: A versatile source of anticancer drugs. Pharmacogn Rev 5(9):1. Demain AL, Vaishnav P (2011) Natural products for cancer chemotherapy. Microb Biotechnol 4(6):687–99. Dok-Go H, Lee KH, Kim HJ, Lee EH, Lee J, Song YS (2003) Neuroprotective effects of antioxidative flavonoids, quercetin, (+)-dihydroquercetin and quercetin 3-methyl ether, isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. Brain Res 965(1–2):130–6. El-Beltagi HS, Mohamed HI, Elmelegy AA, Eldesoky SE, Safwat, G (2019) Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer Activities And Nutritional Values Of Cactus (Opuntia Ficus Indicia) Pulp And Peel. Fresen Environ Bull, 28(2 A), 1545-1562. Gulsoy-Toplan G, Goger F, Yildiz-Peko A, Gibbons S, Sariyar G, Mat A (2018) Chemical Constituents of the Different Parts of Colchicum micranthum and C. chalcedonicum and their Cytotoxic Activities. Nat Prod Commun 13:535–8 Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babac MT, Yıldırım H. Turkey Plant List (Vascular Plants). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanic Park Press; 2012. Jiménez-Estrada M, Velázquez-Contreras C, Garibay-Escobar A, Sierras-Canchola D, Lapizco-Vázquez R, Ortiz-Sandoval C (2013) In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of plants of the ethnopharmacopeia from northwest of Mexico. BMC Complement Altern Med 13(1):12. Kabas O, Ozmerzi A, Akinci I (2006) Physical properties of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus india L.) grown wild in Turkey. J Food Eng 73(2):198–202. Kaur M, Kaur A, Sharma R (2012) Pharmacological actions of Opuntia ficus indica: A Review. J Appl Pharm 2(7), 15-18. Khanapur M, Avadhanula RK, Setty OH (2014) In vitro antioxidant, antiproliferative, and phytochemical study in different extracts of Nyctanthes arbortristis flowers. Biomed Res Int. 2014:291271. Lee CS, Ryan EJ, Doherty GA (2014) Gastro-intestinal toxicity of chemotherapeutics in colorectal cancer: the role of inflammation. World J Gastroenterol 20(14):3751–61. Lee J-C, Kim H-R, Kim J, Jang Y-S (2002) Antioxidant property of an ethanol extract of the stem of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. J Agric Food Chem 50(22):6490–6. Lee WC, Mahmud R, Pillai S, Perumal S, Ismail S (2012) Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil of Psidium Guajava L. Leaves. APCBEE Procedia 2:86–91. Livshits Z, Rao RB, Smith SW (2014) An Approach to Chemotherapy-Associated Toxicity. Emerg Med Clin North Am 32(1):167–203. Lu J, Papp L V., Fang J, Rodriguez-Nieto S, Zhivotovsky B, Holmgren A (2006) Inhibition of Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase by Some Flavonoids: Implications for Myricetin and Quercetin Anticancer Activity. Cancer Res 66(8):4410–8. Majumdar D, Jung K-H, Zhang H, Nannapaneni S, Wang X, Amin ARMR (2014) Luteolin Nanoparticle in Chemoprevention: In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity. Cancer Prev Res 7(1):65–73. Mann J (2002) Natural products in cancer chemotherapy: past, present and future. Nat Rev Cancer 2(2):143–8. Mena P, Tassotti M, Andreu L, Nuncio-Jáuregui N, Legua P, Del Rio D (2018) Phytochemical characterization of different prickly pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) cultivars and botanical parts: UHPLC-ESI-MS n metabolomics profiles and their chemometric analysis. Food Res Int 108:301–8. Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Çiçek Polat D, Günal MY, Yoltaş A, Biçeroğlu Ö (2018a) Novel insight into wound healing properties of methanol extract of Capparis ovata Desf. var. palaestina Zohary fruits. J Pharm Pharmacol 70:1401–13. Okur ME, Karakaş N, Karadag AE, Yılmaz R, Demirci F (2019) In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of Marrubium vulgare L. methanol extract. J Res Pharm 23(4): 711-718. Okur ME, Polat DC, Ozbek H, Yilmaz S, Yoltas A, Arslan R (2018b) Evaluation of the antidiabetic property of capparis ovata desf. Var. Paleastina zoh. Extracts using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Endocrine, Metab Immune Disord - Drug Targets 18:489–501. Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR (2016) Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci 5:e47. Rajesh E, Sankari L, Malathi L, Krupaa J (2015) Naturally occurring products in cancer therapy. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 7(5):183. Rauf A, Imran M, Khan IA, ur-Rehman M-, Gilani SA, Mehmood Z (2018) Anticancer potential of quercetin: A comprehensive review. Phyther Res 32(11):2109–30. Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med 26(9–10):1231–7. Rodenhizer D, Dean T, Xu B, Cojocari D, McGuigan AP (2018) A three-dimensional engineered heterogeneous tumor model for assessing cellular environment and response. Nat Protoc 13(9), 1917. Sittampalam GS, Coussens NP, Brimacombe K, Grossman A, Arkin M, Auld D, Chung TDY (2004) Measurement of β-Arrestin Recruitment for GPCR Targets--Assay Guidance Manual. Spanos GA, Wrolstad RE (1990) Influence of processing and storage on the phenolic composition of Thompson Seedless grape juice. J Agric Food Chem 8(7):1565–71. Sreekanth D, Arunasree MK, Roy KR, Chandramohan Reddy T, Reddy G V., Reddanna P (2007) Betanin a betacyanin pigment purified from fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica induces apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia Cell line-K562. Phytomedicine 14(11):739–46. Sun J, Chu Y-F, Wu X, Liu RH (2002) Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common fruits. J Agric Food Chem 50(25):7449–54. Sun W, Tao Y, Yu D, Zhao T, Wu L, Yu W (2018) Myricetin exerts potent anticancer effects on human skin tumor cells. Trop J Pharm Res 17(6):1067. Üstündağ-Okur N, Gökçe EH, Bozbıyık Dİ, Eğrilmez S, Ertan G, Özer Ö (2015) Novel nanostructured lipid carrier-based inserts for controlled ocular drug delivery: evaluation of corneal bioavailability and treatment efficacy in bacterial keratitis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 12(11):1791–807. Zhang J, Ren L, Yang X, White M, Greenhaw J, Harris T, Shi Q (2018) Cytotoxicity of 34 FDA approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors in primary rat and human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 291, 138-148.

Investigation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruit extract

Year 2019, Volume: 49 Issue: 3, 154 - 160, 01.12.2019

Abstract

DOI: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2019.19035

Opuntia ficus-indica fruits are claimed to possess several health-beneficial properties. This study was carried out to determine the phytochemicals as well as to compare antioxidant activity and cell viability of the methanol extract of OFI-fruits. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by various in vitro tests such as DPPH, ABTS. Furthermore LC-MS and HPLC analysis were performed. The activity of the OFI-fruit extract on viability of U87-MG (glioblastoma multiform), HT-29 (colon cancer) and human primary fibroblast cells has been investigated by determining viable cells on a luciferase based system (Cell TiterGlo; Promega;USA). The results showed that OFI-fruits were source of antioxidant compounds. Moreover, the extract was found to have rich phenolic-flavonoid contents. Quercetin was found in the extract according to LC-MS and HPLC studies. The remarkable increased cell death in the HT-29 and U87 cell lines was detected in a concentration-dependent manner (1-10mg/ml). Among these cell lines, HT-29 responded to OFI-fruit treatment more sensitively to even the lowest dose (1mg/ml). The results of this study showed the OFI-fruit has significant antioxidant capacity and leads to strong cytotoxic activity on various cancer cells. Therefore, it can be suggested that OFI-fruits may have chemo-preventive potential and can be studied further to clarify cytotoxic abilities.

You may cite this article as: Okur ME, Karakaş N, Karadağ AE, Uludağ D, Polat DÇ (2019). Investigation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Fruit extract. Istanbul J Pharm 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2019.19035.

References

  • Abdel-Hady H, Mohamed El-Sayed M, Mohamed Abdel-Gawad M, Ahmed El-Wakil E, Saleh Abdel-Hameed E-S, El-Sayed Abdel-Lateef E (2000) LC-ESI-MS analysis, antitumor and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Egyptian Allium kurrat. J Appl Pharm Sci 8(07):85-092. Ahmad MS, Ahmad S, Arshad M, Rai KB, Afzal M (2014) Terminalia catappa, an anticlastogenic agent against MMS induced genotoxicity in the human lymphocyte culture and in bone marrow cells of Albino mice. Egypt J Med Hum Genet 15(3):227–33. Allegra M, De Cicco P, Ercolano G, Attanzio A, Busà R, Cirino G, Ianaro A (2018) Indicaxanthin from Opuntia Ficus Indica (L. Mill) impairs melanoma cell proliferation, invasiveness, and tumor progression. Phytomedicine 50, 19-24. Ammar I, Ben Salem M, Harrabi B, Mzid M, Bardaa S, Sahnoun Z (2018) Anti-inflammatory activity and phenolic composition of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) flowers. Ind Crops Prod 112:313–9. Becer E, Kabadayı H, Meriçli F, Meriçli AH, Kıvançlı B, Vatansever S (2018) Apoptotic Effects of Opuntia ficus indica L. Seed Oils on Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. In MDPI 2(25):1566. Bishayee A, Sethi G (2016) Bioactive natural products in cancer prevention and therapy: Progress and promise. Semin Cancer Biol 40–41:1–3. Blois MS (1958) Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181:1199–200. Boots AW, Haenen GRMM, Bast A (2008) Health effects of quercetin: From antioxidant to nutraceutical. Eur J Pharmacol 585(2–3):325–37. Bouaouine O, Bourven I, Khalil F, Baudu M (2018) Identification of functional groups of Opuntia ficus-indica involved in coagulation process after its active part extraction. Environ Sci Pollut Res (11):11111–9. Butera D, Tesoriere L, Di Gaudio F, Bongiorno A, Allegra M, Pintaudi AM (2002) Antioxidant activities of sicilian prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) fruit extracts and reducing properties of its betalains: Betanin and indicaxanthin. J Agric Food Chem 50(23):6895–901. Cai Y, Luo Q, Sun M, Corke H (2004) Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Sci 74(17):2157–84. Carroll J, Protani M, Walpole E, Martin JH (2012) Effect of obesity on toxicity in women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 136(2):323–30. Chahar M, Sharma N, Dobhal M, Joshi Y (2011) Flavonoids: A versatile source of anticancer drugs. Pharmacogn Rev 5(9):1. Demain AL, Vaishnav P (2011) Natural products for cancer chemotherapy. Microb Biotechnol 4(6):687–99. Dok-Go H, Lee KH, Kim HJ, Lee EH, Lee J, Song YS (2003) Neuroprotective effects of antioxidative flavonoids, quercetin, (+)-dihydroquercetin and quercetin 3-methyl ether, isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. Brain Res 965(1–2):130–6. El-Beltagi HS, Mohamed HI, Elmelegy AA, Eldesoky SE, Safwat, G (2019) Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer Activities And Nutritional Values Of Cactus (Opuntia Ficus Indicia) Pulp And Peel. Fresen Environ Bull, 28(2 A), 1545-1562. Gulsoy-Toplan G, Goger F, Yildiz-Peko A, Gibbons S, Sariyar G, Mat A (2018) Chemical Constituents of the Different Parts of Colchicum micranthum and C. chalcedonicum and their Cytotoxic Activities. Nat Prod Commun 13:535–8 Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babac MT, Yıldırım H. Turkey Plant List (Vascular Plants). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanic Park Press; 2012. Jiménez-Estrada M, Velázquez-Contreras C, Garibay-Escobar A, Sierras-Canchola D, Lapizco-Vázquez R, Ortiz-Sandoval C (2013) In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of plants of the ethnopharmacopeia from northwest of Mexico. BMC Complement Altern Med 13(1):12. Kabas O, Ozmerzi A, Akinci I (2006) Physical properties of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus india L.) grown wild in Turkey. J Food Eng 73(2):198–202. Kaur M, Kaur A, Sharma R (2012) Pharmacological actions of Opuntia ficus indica: A Review. J Appl Pharm 2(7), 15-18. Khanapur M, Avadhanula RK, Setty OH (2014) In vitro antioxidant, antiproliferative, and phytochemical study in different extracts of Nyctanthes arbortristis flowers. Biomed Res Int. 2014:291271. Lee CS, Ryan EJ, Doherty GA (2014) Gastro-intestinal toxicity of chemotherapeutics in colorectal cancer: the role of inflammation. World J Gastroenterol 20(14):3751–61. Lee J-C, Kim H-R, Kim J, Jang Y-S (2002) Antioxidant property of an ethanol extract of the stem of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. J Agric Food Chem 50(22):6490–6. Lee WC, Mahmud R, Pillai S, Perumal S, Ismail S (2012) Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil of Psidium Guajava L. Leaves. APCBEE Procedia 2:86–91. Livshits Z, Rao RB, Smith SW (2014) An Approach to Chemotherapy-Associated Toxicity. Emerg Med Clin North Am 32(1):167–203. Lu J, Papp L V., Fang J, Rodriguez-Nieto S, Zhivotovsky B, Holmgren A (2006) Inhibition of Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase by Some Flavonoids: Implications for Myricetin and Quercetin Anticancer Activity. Cancer Res 66(8):4410–8. Majumdar D, Jung K-H, Zhang H, Nannapaneni S, Wang X, Amin ARMR (2014) Luteolin Nanoparticle in Chemoprevention: In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity. Cancer Prev Res 7(1):65–73. Mann J (2002) Natural products in cancer chemotherapy: past, present and future. Nat Rev Cancer 2(2):143–8. Mena P, Tassotti M, Andreu L, Nuncio-Jáuregui N, Legua P, Del Rio D (2018) Phytochemical characterization of different prickly pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) cultivars and botanical parts: UHPLC-ESI-MS n metabolomics profiles and their chemometric analysis. Food Res Int 108:301–8. Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Çiçek Polat D, Günal MY, Yoltaş A, Biçeroğlu Ö (2018a) Novel insight into wound healing properties of methanol extract of Capparis ovata Desf. var. palaestina Zohary fruits. J Pharm Pharmacol 70:1401–13. Okur ME, Karakaş N, Karadag AE, Yılmaz R, Demirci F (2019) In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of Marrubium vulgare L. methanol extract. J Res Pharm 23(4): 711-718. Okur ME, Polat DC, Ozbek H, Yilmaz S, Yoltas A, Arslan R (2018b) Evaluation of the antidiabetic property of capparis ovata desf. Var. Paleastina zoh. Extracts using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Endocrine, Metab Immune Disord - Drug Targets 18:489–501. Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR (2016) Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci 5:e47. Rajesh E, Sankari L, Malathi L, Krupaa J (2015) Naturally occurring products in cancer therapy. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 7(5):183. Rauf A, Imran M, Khan IA, ur-Rehman M-, Gilani SA, Mehmood Z (2018) Anticancer potential of quercetin: A comprehensive review. Phyther Res 32(11):2109–30. Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med 26(9–10):1231–7. Rodenhizer D, Dean T, Xu B, Cojocari D, McGuigan AP (2018) A three-dimensional engineered heterogeneous tumor model for assessing cellular environment and response. Nat Protoc 13(9), 1917. Sittampalam GS, Coussens NP, Brimacombe K, Grossman A, Arkin M, Auld D, Chung TDY (2004) Measurement of β-Arrestin Recruitment for GPCR Targets--Assay Guidance Manual. Spanos GA, Wrolstad RE (1990) Influence of processing and storage on the phenolic composition of Thompson Seedless grape juice. J Agric Food Chem 8(7):1565–71. Sreekanth D, Arunasree MK, Roy KR, Chandramohan Reddy T, Reddy G V., Reddanna P (2007) Betanin a betacyanin pigment purified from fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica induces apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia Cell line-K562. Phytomedicine 14(11):739–46. Sun J, Chu Y-F, Wu X, Liu RH (2002) Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common fruits. J Agric Food Chem 50(25):7449–54. Sun W, Tao Y, Yu D, Zhao T, Wu L, Yu W (2018) Myricetin exerts potent anticancer effects on human skin tumor cells. Trop J Pharm Res 17(6):1067. Üstündağ-Okur N, Gökçe EH, Bozbıyık Dİ, Eğrilmez S, Ertan G, Özer Ö (2015) Novel nanostructured lipid carrier-based inserts for controlled ocular drug delivery: evaluation of corneal bioavailability and treatment efficacy in bacterial keratitis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 12(11):1791–807. Zhang J, Ren L, Yang X, White M, Greenhaw J, Harris T, Shi Q (2018) Cytotoxicity of 34 FDA approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors in primary rat and human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 291, 138-148.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Mehmet Evren Okur

Nihal Karakaş This is me

Ayşe Esra Karadağ This is me

Damla Uludağ This is me

Derya Çiçek Polat This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2019
Submission Date October 3, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 49 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Okur, M. E., Karakaş, N., Karadağ, A. E., Uludağ, D., et al. (2019). Investigation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruit extract. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 49(3), 154-160.
AMA Okur ME, Karakaş N, Karadağ AE, Uludağ D, Polat DÇ. Investigation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruit extract. iujp. December 2019;49(3):154-160.
Chicago Okur, Mehmet Evren, Nihal Karakaş, Ayşe Esra Karadağ, Damla Uludağ, and Derya Çiçek Polat. “Investigation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Opuntia Ficus-Indica (L.) Mill. Fruit Extract”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 49, no. 3 (December 2019): 154-60.
EndNote Okur ME, Karakaş N, Karadağ AE, Uludağ D, Polat DÇ (December 1, 2019) Investigation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruit extract. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 49 3 154–160.
IEEE M. E. Okur, N. Karakaş, A. E. Karadağ, D. Uludağ, and D. Ç. Polat, “Investigation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruit extract”, iujp, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 154–160, 2019.
ISNAD Okur, Mehmet Evren et al. “Investigation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Opuntia Ficus-Indica (L.) Mill. Fruit Extract”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 49/3 (December 2019), 154-160.
JAMA Okur ME, Karakaş N, Karadağ AE, Uludağ D, Polat DÇ. Investigation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruit extract. iujp. 2019;49:154–160.
MLA Okur, Mehmet Evren et al. “Investigation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Opuntia Ficus-Indica (L.) Mill. Fruit Extract”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 49, no. 3, 2019, pp. 154-60.
Vancouver Okur ME, Karakaş N, Karadağ AE, Uludağ D, Polat DÇ. Investigation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruit extract. iujp. 2019;49(3):154-60.