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Approach to Chronic Liver Diseases in Children

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 121 - 133, 30.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.692278

Abstract

Chronic liver disease (CHD) is a chronic process in the liver parenchyma with progressive destruction and regeneration resulting in fibrosis and cirrhosis. Although many different diseases, ranging from infectious causes to autoimmune causes, are included in the etiology, patients present with similar clinical findings in childhood. A detailed history and careful physical examination give remarkable information for diffrential diagnosis. However, specific tests are needed for a definitive diagnosis. Nevertheless, there is still a group with no etiology.
Because of longer life span of these children compared to adults, More attention should be paid to the complications. Specially nutritional status, bone metabolism and vaccination programs of these patients should be monitored closely. When necessary, patients should be treated earlier.

References

  • 1. Taleb A, Ahmed A, El-Hennawy A, Pediatric Chronic Liver Diseases: A clinicopathological study from a tertiary care center. Int J Pediatr. 2019;7(4):9305-15.
  • 2. Pinto RB, Schneider AC, da Silveira TR. Cirrhosis in children and adolescents: An overview. World J Hepatol. 2015;7(3):392-405.
  • 3. Chardot C, Carton M, Spire-Bendelac N, Le Pommelet C, Golmard JL, Auvert B. Epidemiology of biliary atresia in France: a national study 1986-96. J Hepatol. 1999;31(6):1006-13.
  • 4. Chen SM, Chang MH, Du JC, Lin CC, Chen AC, Lee HC et al. Screening for biliary atresia by infant stool color card in Taiwan. Pediatrics 2006;117(4):1147-54.
  • 5. Doğum İstatistikleri. Erişim tarihi: 22 Nisan 2018: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.
  • 6. Gürlek-Gökçebay D, Gülerman HF, Arda N, Atavcı S. Evaluation of Infants with Neonatal Cholestasis: Experience of a Tertiary Referral Center in Turkey Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2015;35(4):218-24.
  • 7. Ergün O. Safra yolları atrezisi (Bilier atrezi), Çocuk Cerrahisi Dergisi. 2017;3(ek sayı):46-55.
  • 8. Flanigan PD. Biliary cysts. Ann Surg. 1975;182(5):635-43.
  • 9. De Vries JS, de Vries S, Aronson DC, Bosman DK, Rauws EA, Bosma A et al. Choledochal cysts: age of presentation, symptoms, and late complications related to Todani’s classification. J Pediatr Surg. 2002;37(11):1568-73.
  • 10. Aytekin FÖ. Choledochal cysts. Bozok Tıp Derg. 2018;8(4):144-48.
  • 11. Mitchell E, Gilbert M, Loomes KM. Alagille Syndrome. Clin Liver Dis. 2018;22(4):625-41.
  • 12. Jacquemin E. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2012;36(1):26-35.
  • 13. Bull LN, Thompson RJ. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Clin Liver Dis. 2018;22(4):657-69.
  • 14. Folmer DE, van der Mark VA, Ho-Mok KS, Oude Elferink RP, Paulusma CC. Differential effects of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 and benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 mutations on canalicular localization of ATP8B1. Hepatology. 2009;50(5):1597-605.
  • 15. Henkel SA, Squires JH, Ayers M, Ganoza A, Mckiernan P, Squires JE. Expanding etiology of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. World J Hepatol. 2019;11(5):450-63.
  • 16. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Erişim tarihi: 21 Eylül 2017: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/Bulasici-hastaliklardb/duyurular/Turkiye_Viral_Hepatit_Onleme_ve_Kontrol_Programi/Turkiye_Viral_Hepatit_Onleme_ve_Kontrol_Programi_TR.pdf.
  • 17. European Association For The Study of The Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2012;57(1):167-85.
  • 18. Goodman ZD, Makhlouf HR, Liu L, Balistreri W, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Haber B et al. Pathology of chronic hepatitis C in children: liver biopsy findings in the Peds-C Trial. Hepatology. 2008;47(3):836-43.
  • 19. Teckman JH. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency in childhood. Semin Liver Dis. 2007;27(3):274-81.
  • 20. Tursun S, Gülerman F. Wilson’s disease in children: Analysis of 41 cases. Turk J Clin Lab. 2019;1(10):18-25.
  • 21. Capone K, Azzam RK. Wilson's Disease: A review for the general pediatrician. Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(11):440-4.
  • 22. Suvarna JC. Kayser-Fleischer ring. J Postgrad Med. 2008;54(3):238-40.
  • 23. Nadir hastalıklar. Erişim tarihi:28.04.2018: https://nadirhastalik.wordpress.com/2018/04/28/wilson-hastaligi-nedir/
  • 24. Dalgıç B. Çocuklarda Karaciğer Hastalıklarının değerlendirilmesi. STED. 2002;11(5):173-6.
  • 25. Uğraş M, Küçük Ö, Biçer S, Vitrinel A. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease in children, Bozok Tıp Derg. 2014;4(1):55-61.
  • 26. Roberts EA. Pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a “growing” problem? J Hepatol. 2007;46(6):1133-42.
  • 27. Vergani G, Vergani D, Baumann U, Czubkowski P, Debray D, Dezsofi A et al. Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Autoimmune Liver Disease: ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee Position Statement. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;66(2):345-60.
  • 28. Roberts EA. Autoimmune hepatitis from the paediatric perspective. Liver Int. 2011;31(10):1424-31.
  • 29. Debray FG, Lambert M, Mitchell GA. Disorders of mitochondrial function. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2008;20(4):471-82.
  • 30. Rahman S. Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2013;36(4):659-73.
  • 31. Plauth M, Cabré E, Riggio O, Assis-Camilo M, Pirlich M, Kondrup J et al. ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: Liver disease. Clin Nutr. 2006;25(2):285-94.
  • 32. Tsouka A, McLin VA. Complications of chronic liver disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2012;36(3):262-7.
  • 33. Shneider BL, Bosch J, de Franchis R, Emre SH, Groszmann RJ, Ling SC et al. Portal hypertension in children: expert pediatric opinion on the report of the baveno v consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension. Pediatr Transplant. 2012;16(5):426-37.
  • 34. Bağlar E, Türkay C. Hepatopulmoner sendrom. Güncel Gastroenteroloji. 2012;16(2):147-55.
  • 35. Yılmaz E, Dinçel N, Bulut İ, Mir S. Hepatorenal syndrome. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi. 2014;4(2):106-13.

ÇOCUKLARDA KRONİK KARACİĞER HASTALIKLARINA YAKLAŞIM

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 121 - 133, 30.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.692278

Abstract

Kronik karaciğer hastalığı (KKH), karaciğer parankiminde progresif bir yıkım ve rejenerasyon ile giden, fibrozis ve siroz ile sonuçlanan kronik bir süreçtir. Enfeksiyöz nedenlerden otoimmun nedenlere kadar birçok farklı hastalık etiyolojisinde rol almasına karşın hastalar karşımıza benzer klinik bulgularla çıkmaktadır. Ayrıntılı bir anamnez ve dikkatli bir fizik muayene ayırıcı tanıda dikkate değer bilgi verir. Ancak kesin tanı için özgül testlere ihtiyaç vardır. Herşeye rağmen etiyolojisi bulunmayan bir grup hala mevcuttur. 
Çocukların önlerinde daha uzun bir yaşam olduğu göz önüne alınarak komplikasyonlar açısından dikkatli olunmalıdır. Özellikle beslenme durumları, kemik metabolizması ve aşı programları yakın takip edilmelidir. Gerekli durumlarda hastalara erken müdahale edilmelidir. 

References

  • 1. Taleb A, Ahmed A, El-Hennawy A, Pediatric Chronic Liver Diseases: A clinicopathological study from a tertiary care center. Int J Pediatr. 2019;7(4):9305-15.
  • 2. Pinto RB, Schneider AC, da Silveira TR. Cirrhosis in children and adolescents: An overview. World J Hepatol. 2015;7(3):392-405.
  • 3. Chardot C, Carton M, Spire-Bendelac N, Le Pommelet C, Golmard JL, Auvert B. Epidemiology of biliary atresia in France: a national study 1986-96. J Hepatol. 1999;31(6):1006-13.
  • 4. Chen SM, Chang MH, Du JC, Lin CC, Chen AC, Lee HC et al. Screening for biliary atresia by infant stool color card in Taiwan. Pediatrics 2006;117(4):1147-54.
  • 5. Doğum İstatistikleri. Erişim tarihi: 22 Nisan 2018: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.
  • 6. Gürlek-Gökçebay D, Gülerman HF, Arda N, Atavcı S. Evaluation of Infants with Neonatal Cholestasis: Experience of a Tertiary Referral Center in Turkey Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2015;35(4):218-24.
  • 7. Ergün O. Safra yolları atrezisi (Bilier atrezi), Çocuk Cerrahisi Dergisi. 2017;3(ek sayı):46-55.
  • 8. Flanigan PD. Biliary cysts. Ann Surg. 1975;182(5):635-43.
  • 9. De Vries JS, de Vries S, Aronson DC, Bosman DK, Rauws EA, Bosma A et al. Choledochal cysts: age of presentation, symptoms, and late complications related to Todani’s classification. J Pediatr Surg. 2002;37(11):1568-73.
  • 10. Aytekin FÖ. Choledochal cysts. Bozok Tıp Derg. 2018;8(4):144-48.
  • 11. Mitchell E, Gilbert M, Loomes KM. Alagille Syndrome. Clin Liver Dis. 2018;22(4):625-41.
  • 12. Jacquemin E. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2012;36(1):26-35.
  • 13. Bull LN, Thompson RJ. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Clin Liver Dis. 2018;22(4):657-69.
  • 14. Folmer DE, van der Mark VA, Ho-Mok KS, Oude Elferink RP, Paulusma CC. Differential effects of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 and benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 mutations on canalicular localization of ATP8B1. Hepatology. 2009;50(5):1597-605.
  • 15. Henkel SA, Squires JH, Ayers M, Ganoza A, Mckiernan P, Squires JE. Expanding etiology of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. World J Hepatol. 2019;11(5):450-63.
  • 16. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Erişim tarihi: 21 Eylül 2017: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/Bulasici-hastaliklardb/duyurular/Turkiye_Viral_Hepatit_Onleme_ve_Kontrol_Programi/Turkiye_Viral_Hepatit_Onleme_ve_Kontrol_Programi_TR.pdf.
  • 17. European Association For The Study of The Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2012;57(1):167-85.
  • 18. Goodman ZD, Makhlouf HR, Liu L, Balistreri W, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Haber B et al. Pathology of chronic hepatitis C in children: liver biopsy findings in the Peds-C Trial. Hepatology. 2008;47(3):836-43.
  • 19. Teckman JH. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency in childhood. Semin Liver Dis. 2007;27(3):274-81.
  • 20. Tursun S, Gülerman F. Wilson’s disease in children: Analysis of 41 cases. Turk J Clin Lab. 2019;1(10):18-25.
  • 21. Capone K, Azzam RK. Wilson's Disease: A review for the general pediatrician. Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(11):440-4.
  • 22. Suvarna JC. Kayser-Fleischer ring. J Postgrad Med. 2008;54(3):238-40.
  • 23. Nadir hastalıklar. Erişim tarihi:28.04.2018: https://nadirhastalik.wordpress.com/2018/04/28/wilson-hastaligi-nedir/
  • 24. Dalgıç B. Çocuklarda Karaciğer Hastalıklarının değerlendirilmesi. STED. 2002;11(5):173-6.
  • 25. Uğraş M, Küçük Ö, Biçer S, Vitrinel A. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease in children, Bozok Tıp Derg. 2014;4(1):55-61.
  • 26. Roberts EA. Pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a “growing” problem? J Hepatol. 2007;46(6):1133-42.
  • 27. Vergani G, Vergani D, Baumann U, Czubkowski P, Debray D, Dezsofi A et al. Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Autoimmune Liver Disease: ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee Position Statement. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;66(2):345-60.
  • 28. Roberts EA. Autoimmune hepatitis from the paediatric perspective. Liver Int. 2011;31(10):1424-31.
  • 29. Debray FG, Lambert M, Mitchell GA. Disorders of mitochondrial function. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2008;20(4):471-82.
  • 30. Rahman S. Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2013;36(4):659-73.
  • 31. Plauth M, Cabré E, Riggio O, Assis-Camilo M, Pirlich M, Kondrup J et al. ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: Liver disease. Clin Nutr. 2006;25(2):285-94.
  • 32. Tsouka A, McLin VA. Complications of chronic liver disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2012;36(3):262-7.
  • 33. Shneider BL, Bosch J, de Franchis R, Emre SH, Groszmann RJ, Ling SC et al. Portal hypertension in children: expert pediatric opinion on the report of the baveno v consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension. Pediatr Transplant. 2012;16(5):426-37.
  • 34. Bağlar E, Türkay C. Hepatopulmoner sendrom. Güncel Gastroenteroloji. 2012;16(2):147-55.
  • 35. Yılmaz E, Dinçel N, Bulut İ, Mir S. Hepatorenal syndrome. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi. 2014;4(2):106-13.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Burcu Güven 0000-0002-5142-8168

Publication Date April 30, 2020
Submission Date February 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Güven, B. (2020). ÇOCUKLARDA KRONİK KARACİĞER HASTALIKLARINA YAKLAŞIM. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 121-133. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.692278
AMA Güven B. ÇOCUKLARDA KRONİK KARACİĞER HASTALIKLARINA YAKLAŞIM. Kırıkkale Uni Med J. April 2020;22(1):121-133. doi:10.24938/kutfd.692278
Chicago Güven, Burcu. “ÇOCUKLARDA KRONİK KARACİĞER HASTALIKLARINA YAKLAŞIM”. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 22, no. 1 (April 2020): 121-33. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.692278.
EndNote Güven B (April 1, 2020) ÇOCUKLARDA KRONİK KARACİĞER HASTALIKLARINA YAKLAŞIM. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 22 1 121–133.
IEEE B. Güven, “ÇOCUKLARDA KRONİK KARACİĞER HASTALIKLARINA YAKLAŞIM”, Kırıkkale Uni Med J, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 121–133, 2020, doi: 10.24938/kutfd.692278.
ISNAD Güven, Burcu. “ÇOCUKLARDA KRONİK KARACİĞER HASTALIKLARINA YAKLAŞIM”. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 22/1 (April 2020), 121-133. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.692278.
JAMA Güven B. ÇOCUKLARDA KRONİK KARACİĞER HASTALIKLARINA YAKLAŞIM. Kırıkkale Uni Med J. 2020;22:121–133.
MLA Güven, Burcu. “ÇOCUKLARDA KRONİK KARACİĞER HASTALIKLARINA YAKLAŞIM”. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 1, 2020, pp. 121-33, doi:10.24938/kutfd.692278.
Vancouver Güven B. ÇOCUKLARDA KRONİK KARACİĞER HASTALIKLARINA YAKLAŞIM. Kırıkkale Uni Med J. 2020;22(1):121-33.

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