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Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 356 - 359, 19.07.2023

Nesrettin Fatih Turgut Uğur Yıldırım

Abstract

Keywords

Eagle styloid process angulation severity globus

References

  • 1. Camarda AJ, Deschamps C, Forest D. II. Stylohyoid chain ossification: A discussion of etiology. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1989;67(5):508-514.
  • 2. Sameer Ali Bafaqeeh F. Eagle syndrome: Classic and carotid artery types. Journal of Otolaryngology. 2000;29(2):88-94.
  • 3. Gözil R, Yener N, Çalgüner E, et al. Morphological characteristics of styloid process evaluated by computerized axial tomography. Annals of Anatomy. 2001;183(6):527-535.
  • 4. Eagle WW. Elongated styloid process; further observations and a new syndrome. Archives of otolaryngology. United States; 1948;47(5): 630–640.
  • 5. Balbuena LJ, Hayes D, Ramirez SG, et al. Eagle’s syndrome (elongated styloid process). Southern medical journal. United States; 1997;90(3): 331–334.
  • 6. Kaz’mierski R, Wierzbicka M, Kotecka-Sowinska E, et al. Expansion of the classification system for eagle syndrome. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2018;168(10):746-747.
  • 7. Morrison RJ, Morrison PJ. Aetiology of Eagle syndrome: Ossification of the stylohyoid ligament. QJM. 2019;112(6):467.
  • 8. Correll RW, Jensen JL, Taylor JB, et al. Mineralization of the stylohyoid-stylomandibular ligament complex. A radiographic incidence study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1979;48(4).
  • 9. Şener E, Gürhan C, Ceylan N, et al. Elongation or angulation of styloid process: Discussion with a case report and review of the literature. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. 2018;21(4):396-403.
  • 10. Vadgaonkar R, Murlimanju B V., Prabhu L V., et al. Morphological study of styloid process of the temporal bone and its clinical implications. Anatomy and Cell Biology. 2015;48(3): 195–200.
  • 11. Yetiser S, Gerek M, Ozkaptan Y. Elongated styloid process: Diagnostic problems related to symptomatology. Cranio - Journal of Craniomandibular and Sleep Practice. 1997;15(3):236-241.
  • 12. Fini G, Gasparini G, Filippini F, et al. The long styloid process syndrome or Eagle’s syndrome. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2000;28(2):123-127.
  • 13. Palesy P, Murray GM, De Boever J, et al. The involvement of the styloid process in head and neck pain - A preliminary study. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2000;27(4):275-287.
  • 14. Monsour PA, Young WG. Variability of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament in panoramic radiographs. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1986;61(5):522-526.
  • 15. Pokharel M, Karki S, Shrestha I, et al. Clinicoradiologic evaluation of Eagle’s syndrome and its management. Kathmandu University Medical Journal. 2013;11(44):305-309.
  • 16. Başekim CÇ, Mutlu H, Güngör A, et al. Evaluation of styloid process by three-dimensional computed tomography. European Radiology. 2005;15(1):134-139.
  • 17. Ramadan SU, Gökharman D, Koşar P, et al. The stylohyoid chain: CT imaging. [Online] European Journal of Radiology. 2010;75(3):346-351
  • 18. Nayak DR, Pujary K, Aggarwal M, et al. Role of three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction in the management of elongated styloid process: A preliminary study. Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2007;121(4):349-353
  • 19. Nayak S. Segmental anatomy of the temporal bone. Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI. 2001;22(3): 184-218.
  • 20. Strauss M, Zohar Y, Laurian N. Elongated styloid process syndrome: intraoral versus external approach for styloid surgery. The Laryngoscope. United States; 1985;95(8): 976–979.
  • 21. Yavuz H, Caylakli F, Yildirim T, et al. Angulation of the styloid process in Eagle’s syndrome. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2008;265(11):1393-1396
  • 22. Okur A, Özkiriş M, Serin HI, et al. Is there a relationship between symptoms of patients and tomographic characteristics of styloid process? Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy. 2014;36(7):627-632
  • 23. Burulday V, Akgül MH, Bayar Muluk N, et al. The importance of medial-lateral styloid process -angulation/coronal plane angle in symptomatic eagle syndrome. Clinical Anatomy. 2017;30(4):487-491.
  • 24. Kent DT, Rath TJ, Snyderman C. Conventional and 3-dimensional computerized tomography in Eagle’s syndrome, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and asymptomatic controls. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2015;153(1):41-47.
  • 25. Varani J, Dame MK, Rittie L, et al. Decreased collagen production in chronologically aged skin: Roles of age-dependent alteration in fibroblast function and defective mechanical stimulation. American Journal of Pathology. 2006;168(6):1861-1868.
  • 26. Kosar MI, Atalar MH, Sabanclogullari V, et al. Evaluation of the length and angulation of the styloid process in the patient with pre-diagnosis of Eagle syndrome. Folia Morphologica. 2011;70(4):295-299.
  • 27. Onbas O, Kantarci M, Murat Karasen R, et al. Angulation, length, and morphology of the styloid process of the temporal bone analyzed by multidetector computed tomography. Acta Radiol. 2005;46(8):881-886

A new viewpoint of Eagle syndrome: the effect of SP medial angulation on symptomatology

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 356 - 359, 19.07.2023

Nesrettin Fatih Turgut Uğur Yıldırım

Abstract

Eagle syndrome is an uncommon condition triggered by head movements caused by a long styloid process (SP) or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament, and characterized by symptoms such as sore throat, pain at the root of the tongue, earache, and odynophagia or globus. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of medial angulation of the SP on symptomatology. The study included 49 patients diagnosed with long SP and followed up between January 2018 and January 2020 in the Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic of Samsun Training and Research Hospital. The medial angle between the SP and the virtual line drawn vertically from the temporal bone attachment point of the SP was measured and recorded. Evaluation was made of 49 patients, comprising 23 (46%) males and 26 (54%) females in the age range of 19-65 years. The SP length ranged from 25mm to 44mm. The presence of at least one symptom was determined in 24 (48%) patients; in 11 (45%) males, and 13 (55%) females. A significant positive correlation was determined between right medial angulation and symptom severity in patients with globus (p:0.01, r:0.5). It should be kept in mind that, in addition to SP length, SP medial angulation could be an additional factor affecting the formation and severity of symptoms in patients with Eagle syndrome.

Keywords

Eagle styloid process angulation severity globus

References

  • 1. Camarda AJ, Deschamps C, Forest D. II. Stylohyoid chain ossification: A discussion of etiology. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1989;67(5):508-514.
  • 2. Sameer Ali Bafaqeeh F. Eagle syndrome: Classic and carotid artery types. Journal of Otolaryngology. 2000;29(2):88-94.
  • 3. Gözil R, Yener N, Çalgüner E, et al. Morphological characteristics of styloid process evaluated by computerized axial tomography. Annals of Anatomy. 2001;183(6):527-535.
  • 4. Eagle WW. Elongated styloid process; further observations and a new syndrome. Archives of otolaryngology. United States; 1948;47(5): 630–640.
  • 5. Balbuena LJ, Hayes D, Ramirez SG, et al. Eagle’s syndrome (elongated styloid process). Southern medical journal. United States; 1997;90(3): 331–334.
  • 6. Kaz’mierski R, Wierzbicka M, Kotecka-Sowinska E, et al. Expansion of the classification system for eagle syndrome. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2018;168(10):746-747.
  • 7. Morrison RJ, Morrison PJ. Aetiology of Eagle syndrome: Ossification of the stylohyoid ligament. QJM. 2019;112(6):467.
  • 8. Correll RW, Jensen JL, Taylor JB, et al. Mineralization of the stylohyoid-stylomandibular ligament complex. A radiographic incidence study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1979;48(4).
  • 9. Şener E, Gürhan C, Ceylan N, et al. Elongation or angulation of styloid process: Discussion with a case report and review of the literature. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. 2018;21(4):396-403.
  • 10. Vadgaonkar R, Murlimanju B V., Prabhu L V., et al. Morphological study of styloid process of the temporal bone and its clinical implications. Anatomy and Cell Biology. 2015;48(3): 195–200.
  • 11. Yetiser S, Gerek M, Ozkaptan Y. Elongated styloid process: Diagnostic problems related to symptomatology. Cranio - Journal of Craniomandibular and Sleep Practice. 1997;15(3):236-241.
  • 12. Fini G, Gasparini G, Filippini F, et al. The long styloid process syndrome or Eagle’s syndrome. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2000;28(2):123-127.
  • 13. Palesy P, Murray GM, De Boever J, et al. The involvement of the styloid process in head and neck pain - A preliminary study. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2000;27(4):275-287.
  • 14. Monsour PA, Young WG. Variability of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament in panoramic radiographs. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1986;61(5):522-526.
  • 15. Pokharel M, Karki S, Shrestha I, et al. Clinicoradiologic evaluation of Eagle’s syndrome and its management. Kathmandu University Medical Journal. 2013;11(44):305-309.
  • 16. Başekim CÇ, Mutlu H, Güngör A, et al. Evaluation of styloid process by three-dimensional computed tomography. European Radiology. 2005;15(1):134-139.
  • 17. Ramadan SU, Gökharman D, Koşar P, et al. The stylohyoid chain: CT imaging. [Online] European Journal of Radiology. 2010;75(3):346-351
  • 18. Nayak DR, Pujary K, Aggarwal M, et al. Role of three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction in the management of elongated styloid process: A preliminary study. Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2007;121(4):349-353
  • 19. Nayak S. Segmental anatomy of the temporal bone. Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI. 2001;22(3): 184-218.
  • 20. Strauss M, Zohar Y, Laurian N. Elongated styloid process syndrome: intraoral versus external approach for styloid surgery. The Laryngoscope. United States; 1985;95(8): 976–979.
  • 21. Yavuz H, Caylakli F, Yildirim T, et al. Angulation of the styloid process in Eagle’s syndrome. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2008;265(11):1393-1396
  • 22. Okur A, Özkiriş M, Serin HI, et al. Is there a relationship between symptoms of patients and tomographic characteristics of styloid process? Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy. 2014;36(7):627-632
  • 23. Burulday V, Akgül MH, Bayar Muluk N, et al. The importance of medial-lateral styloid process -angulation/coronal plane angle in symptomatic eagle syndrome. Clinical Anatomy. 2017;30(4):487-491.
  • 24. Kent DT, Rath TJ, Snyderman C. Conventional and 3-dimensional computerized tomography in Eagle’s syndrome, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and asymptomatic controls. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2015;153(1):41-47.
  • 25. Varani J, Dame MK, Rittie L, et al. Decreased collagen production in chronologically aged skin: Roles of age-dependent alteration in fibroblast function and defective mechanical stimulation. American Journal of Pathology. 2006;168(6):1861-1868.
  • 26. Kosar MI, Atalar MH, Sabanclogullari V, et al. Evaluation of the length and angulation of the styloid process in the patient with pre-diagnosis of Eagle syndrome. Folia Morphologica. 2011;70(4):295-299.
  • 27. Onbas O, Kantarci M, Murat Karasen R, et al. Angulation, length, and morphology of the styloid process of the temporal bone analyzed by multidetector computed tomography. Acta Radiol. 2005;46(8):881-886
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nesrettin Fatih Turgut 0000-0001-6265-0058

Uğur Yıldırım 0000-0002-2373-6235

Early Pub Date August 1, 2023
Publication Date July 19, 2023
Submission Date February 6, 2023
Acceptance Date May 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 40 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Turgut, N. F., & Yıldırım, U. (2023). A new viewpoint of Eagle syndrome: the effect of SP medial angulation on symptomatology. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 40(2), 356-359.
AMA Turgut NF, Yıldırım U. A new viewpoint of Eagle syndrome: the effect of SP medial angulation on symptomatology. J. Exp. Clin. Med. July 2023;40(2):356-359.
Chicago Turgut, Nesrettin Fatih, and Uğur Yıldırım. “A New Viewpoint of Eagle Syndrome: The Effect of SP Medial Angulation on Symptomatology”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40, no. 2 (July 2023): 356-59.
EndNote Turgut NF, Yıldırım U (July 1, 2023) A new viewpoint of Eagle syndrome: the effect of SP medial angulation on symptomatology. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40 2 356–359.
IEEE N. F. Turgut and U. Yıldırım, “A new viewpoint of Eagle syndrome: the effect of SP medial angulation on symptomatology”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 356–359, 2023.
ISNAD Turgut, Nesrettin Fatih - Yıldırım, Uğur. “A New Viewpoint of Eagle Syndrome: The Effect of SP Medial Angulation on Symptomatology”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40/2 (July 2023), 356-359.
JAMA Turgut NF, Yıldırım U. A new viewpoint of Eagle syndrome: the effect of SP medial angulation on symptomatology. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40:356–359.
MLA Turgut, Nesrettin Fatih and Uğur Yıldırım. “A New Viewpoint of Eagle Syndrome: The Effect of SP Medial Angulation on Symptomatology”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 40, no. 2, 2023, pp. 356-9.
Vancouver Turgut NF, Yıldırım U. A new viewpoint of Eagle syndrome: the effect of SP medial angulation on symptomatology. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40(2):356-9.
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