Abstract
Squamous
cell carcinoma is the most common malignant epithelial tumor of the larynx. It
is mostly seen in males in 6th and 7th decades. In recent years the incidence
has increased in women due to increased use of tobacco and alcohol. Squamous
cell carcinoma is more common in supraglottic and glottic regions. The World
Health Organization has identified different subtypes of squamous cell
carcinoma. Some of these variants has better, some has worse prognosis that
than conventional squamous cell carcinoma. We present rare variants of squamous
cell carcinoma in our study.
Material and Method: All laryngeal biopsies were scanned at the Pathology Department of Eskişehir Osmangazi University during the last 7 years. The cases that were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma variants were included in the study. Patients’ histopathological and clinical parameters were recorded.
Results: There were 1148
laryngeal biopsies in the seven years period. Squamous cell carcinoma was
detected in 460 cases. Of these, 31 were rare squamous cell carcinoma variants.
These include 3 verrucous carcinomas, 6 basaloid, 11 papillary, 4 spindle cell,
6 acantholytic variant squamous cell carcinomas. Only one case was adenosquamous
carcinoma. Verrucous carcinomas were located on the vocal cord. The basaloid
variant was detected in supraglottic region in all cases. In other variants,
the glottic and supraglottic regions were affected at varying rates.
Infraglottic tumor was seen in only one of the cases. This case was
acantholytic variant squamous cell carcinoma.
Conclusion: Biological behaviors of rare variants of
laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma differ. These tumors can be treated
effectively with a multidisciplinary approach. Recognition and description of
these subtypes are necessary to determine the appropriate treatment.
Keywords
References
- Ramroth H, Schoeps A, Rudolph E, et al. Factors predicting survival after diagnosis of laryngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2011;47:1154–58.
- Barnes L. Schneiderian papillomas and nonsalivary glandular neoplasms of the head and neck. Mod Pathol 2002;15(3):279-97.
- Ferster APO, Schubart J, Kim Y, et al. Association between laryngeal cancer and asbestos exposure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017;143(4):409-16. Sturm W, Menze B, Krause J, et al. Use of asbestos, health risks and induced occupational diseases in the former East Germany. Toxicol Lett 1994;72(1-3):317-24.
- Maier H, Tisch M. Epidemiology of laryngeal cancer: results of the Heidelberg case-control study. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1997;527:160-4.
- Nowińska K, Ciesielska U, Podhorska-Okołów M, et al. The role of human papillomavirus in oncogenic transformation and its contribution to the etiology of precancerous lesions and cancer of the larynx: A review. Adv Clin Exp 2017;26(3):539-547.
- Kawakita D, Lee YA, Turati F, et al. Dietary fiber intake and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. Int J Cancer 2017;141(9):1811-21.
- Sereg-Bahar M, Jerin A, Hocevar-Boltezar I. Higher levels of total pepsin and bile acids in the saliva as a possible risk factor for early laryngeal cancer. Radiol Oncol 2015;49(1):59-64.
- Tutar H, Erdamar H, Köybaşioğlu A, et al. Can bile acids be an etiological factor for laryngeal carcinoma? ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2011;73(3):156-61.
- Zhou J, Yang Y, Zhang D, et al. Genetic polymorphisms and plasma levels of BCL11A contribute to the development of laryngealsquamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017 Feb 22;12(2):e0171116.
- American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures 2017. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society, 2017. Available online. Last accessed July 13, 2017
- Gale N, Poljak M, Zidar N. Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: What is New in the 2017 WHO Blue Book for Tumours of the Hypopharynx, Larynx, Trachea and Parapharyngeal Space. Head Neck Pathol 2017;11(1):23-32.
- Thompson LD. Laryngeal Dysplasia, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Variants. Surg Pathol Clin 2017;10(1):15-33.
- Huang SH, Lockwood G, Irish J, et al. Truths and myths about radiotherapy for verrucous carcinoma of larynx. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;73(4):1110-5.
- Raslan WF, Barnes L, Krause JR, et al. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathologic and flow cytometric study of 10 new cases with review of the English literature. Am J Otolaryngol 1994;15:204-11.
- Ferlito A, Altavilla G, Rinaldo A, et al. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997;106:1024-35.
- Winzenburg SM, Niehans GA, George E, et al. Basaloid squamous carcinoma: a clinical comparison of two histologic types with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;119: 471-5.
- Mehrad M, Carpenter DH, Chernock RD, et al. Papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: clinicopathologic and molecular features with special reference to human papillomavirus. Am J Surg Pathol 2013;37(9):1349-56.
- Jo VY, Mills SE, Stoler MH, et al. Papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: frequent association with human papillomavirus infection and invasive carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2009;33:1720–4.
- Russell JO, Hoschar AP, Scharpf J. Papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathologic series. Am J Otolaryngol 2011;32:557–63.
- Thompson LD, Wenig BM, Heffner DK, et al. Exophytic and papillary squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx: a clinicopathologic series of 104 cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120:718–24.
- Suarez PA, Adler-Storthz K, Luna MA, et al. Papillary squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract: a clinicopathologic and molecular study. Head Neck 2000;22:360–8.
- Dubal PM, Unsal AA, Echanique KA, et al. Laryngeal adenosquamous carcinoma: A population-based perspective. Laryngoscope 2016;126(4):858-63.
- Lewis JE, Olsen KD, Sebo TJ. Spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx: review of 26 cases including DNA content and immunohistochemistry. Hum Pathol 1997;28: 664-73.
- Thompson LD, Wieneke JA, Miettinen M, et al. Spindle cell (sarcomatoid) carcinomas of the larynx: a clinicopathologic study of 187 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26: 153-170.
- Tiken EE, Öksüz DÇ, Batur Ş, et al. Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma of larynx as an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg 2016;26(3):176-80.
Abstract
Larinksin malign epitelyal tümörleri arasında skuamöz hücreli karsinom en sık görülendir. Daha çok erkeklerde, 6. ve 7.
dekadlarda görülür.
Son yıllarda tütün ve alkol kullanımının artması nedeniyle kadınlarda da
insidansının yükseldiği bildirilmektedir. Skuamöz hücreli karsinom supraglottik
ve glottik bölgede
daha sık görülür.
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, skuamöz
hücreli karsinomun farklı alt tiplerini tanımlamıştır. Bu varyantlardan
bazıları konvansiyonel skuamöz
hücreli karsinoma göre
daha iyi, bazıları ise daha kötü
prognozludur. Çalışmamızda skuamöz
hücreli karsinomun az görülen
varyantları sunulmaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: … Tıp Fakültesi Patoloji Anabilim
Dalı’nda son 7 yıllık dönemde
tüm larinks biyopsileri taranmıştır. Skuamöz hücreli karsinom varyantları şeklinde
tanı alan hastalar belirlenmiş, olguların histopatolojik ve klinik özellikleri derlenmiştir.
Bulgular: Yedi yıllık dönemde larinks biyopsisi yapılan
1148 olgu bulunmaktadır. Bu olgulardan 460’ı skuamöz hücreli karsinom tanısı
almıştır. Bunlardan 31’i nadir görülen
skuamöz
hücreli karsinom varyantıdır. Bunlar arasında 3 verrüköz karsinom, 6 bazaloid, 11
papiller, 4 iğsi hücreli,
6 akantolitik varyant skuamöz
hücreli karsinom olgusu mevcuttur. Bir olgu ise adenoskuamöz karsinom tanılıdır. Verrüköz karsinom olgularında tümör vokal kord yerleşimlidir.
Bazaloid varyant ise olguların tümünde supraglottik bölgede saptanmıştır. Diğer
varyantlarda glottik ve supraglottik bölge değişen oranlarda tutulmaktadır. Olguların
sadece birinde infraglottik tümör
mevcuttur. Bu olgu akantolitik varyant skuamöz hücreli karsinom olarak
değerlendirilmiştir.
Sonuç: Larinksin skuamöz hücreli karsinomunun az görülen varyantlarının biyolojik
davranışları farklılıklar göstermektedir.
Bu tümörler
multidisipliner yaklaşım ile efektif şekilde tedavi edilebilir. Alt tiplerin
tanınması ve tariflenmesi uygun tedavi yaklaşımının belirlenebilmesi için gereklidir.
References
- Ramroth H, Schoeps A, Rudolph E, et al. Factors predicting survival after diagnosis of laryngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2011;47:1154–58.
- Barnes L. Schneiderian papillomas and nonsalivary glandular neoplasms of the head and neck. Mod Pathol 2002;15(3):279-97.
- Ferster APO, Schubart J, Kim Y, et al. Association between laryngeal cancer and asbestos exposure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017;143(4):409-16. Sturm W, Menze B, Krause J, et al. Use of asbestos, health risks and induced occupational diseases in the former East Germany. Toxicol Lett 1994;72(1-3):317-24.
- Maier H, Tisch M. Epidemiology of laryngeal cancer: results of the Heidelberg case-control study. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1997;527:160-4.
- Nowińska K, Ciesielska U, Podhorska-Okołów M, et al. The role of human papillomavirus in oncogenic transformation and its contribution to the etiology of precancerous lesions and cancer of the larynx: A review. Adv Clin Exp 2017;26(3):539-547.
- Kawakita D, Lee YA, Turati F, et al. Dietary fiber intake and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. Int J Cancer 2017;141(9):1811-21.
- Sereg-Bahar M, Jerin A, Hocevar-Boltezar I. Higher levels of total pepsin and bile acids in the saliva as a possible risk factor for early laryngeal cancer. Radiol Oncol 2015;49(1):59-64.
- Tutar H, Erdamar H, Köybaşioğlu A, et al. Can bile acids be an etiological factor for laryngeal carcinoma? ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2011;73(3):156-61.
- Zhou J, Yang Y, Zhang D, et al. Genetic polymorphisms and plasma levels of BCL11A contribute to the development of laryngealsquamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017 Feb 22;12(2):e0171116.
- American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures 2017. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society, 2017. Available online. Last accessed July 13, 2017
- Gale N, Poljak M, Zidar N. Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: What is New in the 2017 WHO Blue Book for Tumours of the Hypopharynx, Larynx, Trachea and Parapharyngeal Space. Head Neck Pathol 2017;11(1):23-32.
- Thompson LD. Laryngeal Dysplasia, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Variants. Surg Pathol Clin 2017;10(1):15-33.
- Huang SH, Lockwood G, Irish J, et al. Truths and myths about radiotherapy for verrucous carcinoma of larynx. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;73(4):1110-5.
- Raslan WF, Barnes L, Krause JR, et al. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathologic and flow cytometric study of 10 new cases with review of the English literature. Am J Otolaryngol 1994;15:204-11.
- Ferlito A, Altavilla G, Rinaldo A, et al. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997;106:1024-35.
- Winzenburg SM, Niehans GA, George E, et al. Basaloid squamous carcinoma: a clinical comparison of two histologic types with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;119: 471-5.
- Mehrad M, Carpenter DH, Chernock RD, et al. Papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: clinicopathologic and molecular features with special reference to human papillomavirus. Am J Surg Pathol 2013;37(9):1349-56.
- Jo VY, Mills SE, Stoler MH, et al. Papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: frequent association with human papillomavirus infection and invasive carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2009;33:1720–4.
- Russell JO, Hoschar AP, Scharpf J. Papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathologic series. Am J Otolaryngol 2011;32:557–63.
- Thompson LD, Wenig BM, Heffner DK, et al. Exophytic and papillary squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx: a clinicopathologic series of 104 cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120:718–24.
- Suarez PA, Adler-Storthz K, Luna MA, et al. Papillary squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract: a clinicopathologic and molecular study. Head Neck 2000;22:360–8.
- Dubal PM, Unsal AA, Echanique KA, et al. Laryngeal adenosquamous carcinoma: A population-based perspective. Laryngoscope 2016;126(4):858-63.
- Lewis JE, Olsen KD, Sebo TJ. Spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx: review of 26 cases including DNA content and immunohistochemistry. Hum Pathol 1997;28: 664-73.
- Thompson LD, Wieneke JA, Miettinen M, et al. Spindle cell (sarcomatoid) carcinomas of the larynx: a clinicopathologic study of 187 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26: 153-170.
- Tiken EE, Öksüz DÇ, Batur Ş, et al. Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma of larynx as an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg 2016;26(3):176-80.
Details
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Original article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 10 Issue: 4 |
e-ISSN: 2548-0251
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