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Prevalence of smoking and factors affecting smoking behaviour during pregnancy: A sample from Tekirdağ

Year 2014, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 17.04.2014
https://doi.org/10.20518/thsd.81750

Abstract

Objective: Smoking during pregnancy leads to serious health problems in the mother and the foetus. In our study, we determined the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy and associated factors in Tekirdağ.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2009 in, Tekirdağ. The sample size was calculated as 762 pregnant women. A probability sampling technique was used for sampling; the response rate was 98.3%.

Results: The rates for daily and occasional smokers, respectively, were found to be 8.0% and 2.8% in our sample. The total rate of smoking prevalence during pregnancy was found to be 10.8%. Among women who did not smoke during pregnancy, 35.8% were exposed to passive smoke in their homes; 17.5% of pregnant women quit smoking, and 61.8% of these women were able to quit without medical support. We also found that the partner’s smoking status, household income had a considerable effect on the smoking behaviour of pregnant women.

Conclusions: Primary Health Care Units (PHCUs) must provide information on the dangers of smoking to pregnant women and offer encouragement and support to those who wish to quit. Those who successfully quit should also be helped to avoid postpartum smoking relapse, to which end awareness campaigns and programs need to be developed.

References

  • WHO. Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2009: Implementing smoke-free environments.
  • http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/en/i ndex.html. Accessed December 26, 2011. at: 2. World Tobacco
  • Atlas. http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/
  • Tobacco Atlas_sm.pdf Accessed December 26, 2011.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. “Küresel Yetişkin Tütün Araştırması Türkiye Raporu” (Global Adult Tobacco Survey Turkey Report – 2010).
  • Cnattingius S. The epidemiology of smoking during pregnancy: Smoking prevalence, maternal characteristics, and pregnancy outcomes. Nicotine Tob Res 2004;6 (supplement 2):125-140.
  • Gomez C, Berlin I, Marquis P, Delcroix M. Expired air carbon monoxide concentration in mothers and their spouses above 5 ppm is associated with decreased fetal growth. Prev Med 2005;40(1):10-5.
  • Nakamura MU, Alexandre SM, Kuhn dos Santos JF, de Souza E, Sass N, Auritscher Beck AP, Trayna E, Andrade CM, Barroso T, Kulay Jşnior L. Obstetric and perinatal effects of active and/or passive smoking during pregnancy. Sao Paulo Med J 2004;122(3):94-98.
  • Cnattingius S, Lindmark G, Meirik O. Who continues to smoke while pregnant? J Epidemiol Community Health 1992;46(3): 218-221.
  • Palma S, Perez-Iglesias R, Pardo-Crespo R, Llorca J, Mariscal M, Delgado-Rodriguez M. Smoking among pregnant women in Cantabria (Spain): trend and determinants of smoking cessation. BMC Public Health 2007;7:65.
  • Özsoy S. Gebelikte sigara içme alışkanlığı ve evde içilmesinin doğum şekli ve bebeğin doğum tartısı üzerine etkisi: Hemşirelik Bülteni 1992;6:25-26.
  • Üstün C, Malatyalıoğlu E. Gebelikte sigara kullanımının fetüs ve plasenta üzerine etkileri. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1990;7(1): 43-48.
  • Alp H, Selimoğlu MA, Yaman S, Energin M, Altınkaynak S, Orbak Z. Gebelikte sigara kullanımının fetüsa etkileri. İstanbul Çocuk Kliniği Dergisi 1995;30:80-83.
  • Uncu YA. Gebelikte asemptomatik bakteriüri
  • komplikasyonları ile ilişkisi. Uzmanlık tezi. Uludağ Universitesi Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği AD. Bursa, 1999. ve
  • gebelik 13. Marakoğlu K, Sezer RE. Sivas’ta gebelikte sigara kullanımı. CMJ 2003;25(4):157-164.
  • Marakoğlu K, Erdem D. Konya’da gebe kadınların sigara içme konusundaki tutum ve 2007;29(1):47-55. Erciyes Med
  • J 15. Altıparmak S, Altıparmak O, Avcı HD. Manisa’da gebelikte sigara kullanımı: yarı kentsel alan örneği. Tur Toraks Der 2009;10(1):20-25.
  • Tokuc B, Berberoglu U, Ekuklu G. Smoking during pregnancy among working women. TJPH 2008;6(1):1-8.
  • Ergin I, Hassoy H, Tanık FA, Aslan G. Maternal age, education level and migration: socieconomic determinants for smoking during pregnancy in a field study from Turkey. BMC Public Health 2010;10:325.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. Results of 2004 poverty study. Turkish Statistical Institute News Bulletin 2006:27.
  • Boratav K. İstanbul ve Anadolu'dan Sınıf Profilleri. 2nd edition. Ankara: İmge; 2004.
  • Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ministry of Health General Directorate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning, State Planning Organization and European Union: Turkey Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Ankara, Turkey.
  • Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ministry of Health General Directorate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning, State Planning Organization and European Union: Turkey Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Ankara, Turkey.
  • Schneider S, Schütz J. Who smokes during pregnancy? a systematic literature review
  • conducted in developed countries between 1997 and 2006. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2008;13(2):138-147.
  • surveys 23. Ford RPK, Tapin DM, Schluter PJ, Wild CJ. Smoking during pregnancy: how reliable are maternal self-reports in New Zealand? JECH 1997;51(3):246-251.
  • Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, Clemens JD, Der Simonian R, Wilkins DG. Serum Cotinine Concentration and Self-reported Smoking during Pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148(3):259-262.
  • Orr ST, Newton E, Tarwater PM, Weismiller D. Factors associated with prenatal smoking among black women in eastern North Carolina. Matern Child Health J 2005;9(3):245–252.
  • Graham H, Owen L. Are there socioeconomic differentials in under- reporting of smoking in pregnancy? Tob Control 2003;12(4):434.
  • Lindqvist R, Lendahls L, Tollbom O, Aberg H, Håkansson A. Smoking during pregnancy: comparison of self-reports and cotinine levels in 496 women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002;81(3):240-244.
  • Pickett KE, Rathouz PJ, Kasza K, Wakschlag LS, Wright R. Self-reported smoking, cotinine levels, and patterns of smoking in pregnancy. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2005;19(5):368-376.
  • Murin S, Rafii R, Bilello K. Smoking and Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy. Clin Chest Med 2011;32(1):75–91.
  • Chaaya M, Awwad J, Campbell OM, Sibai A,
  • psychosocial profile of smoking among pregnant women in Lebanon: public health implications. Matern Child Health J 2003;7(3):179-186. Demographic
  • and 31. Penn G, Owen L. Factors associated with continued smoking during pregnancy: analysis of socio-demographic, pregnancy and smoking-related factors. Drug Alcohol Rev 2002;21(1):17-25.
  • Le Clere FB, Wilson JB. Smoking behavior of recent mothers, 18-44 years of age, before and after pregnancy: United States 1990. Adv Data 1997;(228):1–11.
  • Giglia RC, Binns CW, Alfonso HS, Zhan Y. Which mothers smoke before, during and after 2007;121:942-949. Public
  • Health 34. WHO. Gender, Women and the Tobacco Epidemic. Ed. Samet JM, Yoon SY. World Health Organization 2010: Implementing smoke-free environments.
  • WHO & Institute for Global Tobacco Control Johns Hopkins School of Public Helath. Women and the Tobacco Epidemic: Challenges for the 21st Century. Ed. Samet JM, Yoon SY. World Health Organization 2010: environments. smoke-free 36. Transformation
  • Progress Report-2009, a new era in Health. Ankara: Ministry of Health; 2009. p. 69-78.

Gebelikte sigara içme prevalansı ve sigara içme davranışını etkileyen etmenler: Tekirdağ örneği

Year 2014, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 17.04.2014
https://doi.org/10.20518/thsd.81750

Abstract

Amaç: Gebelikte sigara kullanımı anne ve bebekte ciddi sağlık sorunlarına yol açar. Çalışmamızın amacı Tekirdağ ilinde gebelikte sigara kullanım prevalansını ve gebelerde sigara kullanımını etkileyen etmenleri belirlemektir.

Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte olan çalışma Tekirdağ ilinde 2009 yılında gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmada örneklem büyüklüğü 762 gebe olarak belirlendi. Örneklem grubu seçilirken olasılıklı örnekleme yöntemleri kullanıldı. Anket geri dönüş hızı %98.3’tü.

Bulgular: Gebelikleri sırasında her gün en az bir ve günde birden az sigara içme hızı sırasıyla %8.0 ve %2.8’di. Gebelik süresince sigara içme prevalansı %10.8 bulundu. Sigara içmeyen gebelerin %35.8’inin evlerinde pasif sigara dumanına maruz kaldıkları belirlendi. Kadınların %17.5’i gebelik nedeniyle sigarayı bırakmıştı, bunların %61.8’i tıbbi destek almadığını belirtti. Çalışmada ek olarak eşin sigara içme durumunun ve hane halkı toplam gelirinin gebe kadınların sigara içme davranışını etkilediği bulundu.

Sonuç: Birinci basamak sağlık kurumları gebe kadınları gebelikte sigara içmenin tehlikeleri konusunda bilgilendirmeli, sigarayı bırakma yönünde cesaretlendirmeli ve desteklemelidir. Sigarayı bırakmış gebelere de farkındalık eğitim ve programları ile doğum sonrası yeniden başlamayı engelleyecek yönde yardımcı olunmalıdır

References

  • WHO. Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2009: Implementing smoke-free environments.
  • http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/en/i ndex.html. Accessed December 26, 2011. at: 2. World Tobacco
  • Atlas. http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/
  • Tobacco Atlas_sm.pdf Accessed December 26, 2011.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. “Küresel Yetişkin Tütün Araştırması Türkiye Raporu” (Global Adult Tobacco Survey Turkey Report – 2010).
  • Cnattingius S. The epidemiology of smoking during pregnancy: Smoking prevalence, maternal characteristics, and pregnancy outcomes. Nicotine Tob Res 2004;6 (supplement 2):125-140.
  • Gomez C, Berlin I, Marquis P, Delcroix M. Expired air carbon monoxide concentration in mothers and their spouses above 5 ppm is associated with decreased fetal growth. Prev Med 2005;40(1):10-5.
  • Nakamura MU, Alexandre SM, Kuhn dos Santos JF, de Souza E, Sass N, Auritscher Beck AP, Trayna E, Andrade CM, Barroso T, Kulay Jşnior L. Obstetric and perinatal effects of active and/or passive smoking during pregnancy. Sao Paulo Med J 2004;122(3):94-98.
  • Cnattingius S, Lindmark G, Meirik O. Who continues to smoke while pregnant? J Epidemiol Community Health 1992;46(3): 218-221.
  • Palma S, Perez-Iglesias R, Pardo-Crespo R, Llorca J, Mariscal M, Delgado-Rodriguez M. Smoking among pregnant women in Cantabria (Spain): trend and determinants of smoking cessation. BMC Public Health 2007;7:65.
  • Özsoy S. Gebelikte sigara içme alışkanlığı ve evde içilmesinin doğum şekli ve bebeğin doğum tartısı üzerine etkisi: Hemşirelik Bülteni 1992;6:25-26.
  • Üstün C, Malatyalıoğlu E. Gebelikte sigara kullanımının fetüs ve plasenta üzerine etkileri. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1990;7(1): 43-48.
  • Alp H, Selimoğlu MA, Yaman S, Energin M, Altınkaynak S, Orbak Z. Gebelikte sigara kullanımının fetüsa etkileri. İstanbul Çocuk Kliniği Dergisi 1995;30:80-83.
  • Uncu YA. Gebelikte asemptomatik bakteriüri
  • komplikasyonları ile ilişkisi. Uzmanlık tezi. Uludağ Universitesi Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği AD. Bursa, 1999. ve
  • gebelik 13. Marakoğlu K, Sezer RE. Sivas’ta gebelikte sigara kullanımı. CMJ 2003;25(4):157-164.
  • Marakoğlu K, Erdem D. Konya’da gebe kadınların sigara içme konusundaki tutum ve 2007;29(1):47-55. Erciyes Med
  • J 15. Altıparmak S, Altıparmak O, Avcı HD. Manisa’da gebelikte sigara kullanımı: yarı kentsel alan örneği. Tur Toraks Der 2009;10(1):20-25.
  • Tokuc B, Berberoglu U, Ekuklu G. Smoking during pregnancy among working women. TJPH 2008;6(1):1-8.
  • Ergin I, Hassoy H, Tanık FA, Aslan G. Maternal age, education level and migration: socieconomic determinants for smoking during pregnancy in a field study from Turkey. BMC Public Health 2010;10:325.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. Results of 2004 poverty study. Turkish Statistical Institute News Bulletin 2006:27.
  • Boratav K. İstanbul ve Anadolu'dan Sınıf Profilleri. 2nd edition. Ankara: İmge; 2004.
  • Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ministry of Health General Directorate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning, State Planning Organization and European Union: Turkey Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Ankara, Turkey.
  • Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ministry of Health General Directorate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning, State Planning Organization and European Union: Turkey Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Ankara, Turkey.
  • Schneider S, Schütz J. Who smokes during pregnancy? a systematic literature review
  • conducted in developed countries between 1997 and 2006. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2008;13(2):138-147.
  • surveys 23. Ford RPK, Tapin DM, Schluter PJ, Wild CJ. Smoking during pregnancy: how reliable are maternal self-reports in New Zealand? JECH 1997;51(3):246-251.
  • Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, Clemens JD, Der Simonian R, Wilkins DG. Serum Cotinine Concentration and Self-reported Smoking during Pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148(3):259-262.
  • Orr ST, Newton E, Tarwater PM, Weismiller D. Factors associated with prenatal smoking among black women in eastern North Carolina. Matern Child Health J 2005;9(3):245–252.
  • Graham H, Owen L. Are there socioeconomic differentials in under- reporting of smoking in pregnancy? Tob Control 2003;12(4):434.
  • Lindqvist R, Lendahls L, Tollbom O, Aberg H, Håkansson A. Smoking during pregnancy: comparison of self-reports and cotinine levels in 496 women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002;81(3):240-244.
  • Pickett KE, Rathouz PJ, Kasza K, Wakschlag LS, Wright R. Self-reported smoking, cotinine levels, and patterns of smoking in pregnancy. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2005;19(5):368-376.
  • Murin S, Rafii R, Bilello K. Smoking and Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy. Clin Chest Med 2011;32(1):75–91.
  • Chaaya M, Awwad J, Campbell OM, Sibai A,
  • psychosocial profile of smoking among pregnant women in Lebanon: public health implications. Matern Child Health J 2003;7(3):179-186. Demographic
  • and 31. Penn G, Owen L. Factors associated with continued smoking during pregnancy: analysis of socio-demographic, pregnancy and smoking-related factors. Drug Alcohol Rev 2002;21(1):17-25.
  • Le Clere FB, Wilson JB. Smoking behavior of recent mothers, 18-44 years of age, before and after pregnancy: United States 1990. Adv Data 1997;(228):1–11.
  • Giglia RC, Binns CW, Alfonso HS, Zhan Y. Which mothers smoke before, during and after 2007;121:942-949. Public
  • Health 34. WHO. Gender, Women and the Tobacco Epidemic. Ed. Samet JM, Yoon SY. World Health Organization 2010: Implementing smoke-free environments.
  • WHO & Institute for Global Tobacco Control Johns Hopkins School of Public Helath. Women and the Tobacco Epidemic: Challenges for the 21st Century. Ed. Samet JM, Yoon SY. World Health Organization 2010: environments. smoke-free 36. Transformation
  • Progress Report-2009, a new era in Health. Ankara: Ministry of Health; 2009. p. 69-78.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Levent Mutlu

Gamze Varol Saraçoğlu

Publication Date April 17, 2014
Submission Date December 12, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Mutlu, L., & Varol Saraçoğlu, G. (2014). Prevalence of smoking and factors affecting smoking behaviour during pregnancy: A sample from Tekirdağ. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 12(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.20518/thsd.81750
AMA Mutlu L, Varol Saraçoğlu G. Prevalence of smoking and factors affecting smoking behaviour during pregnancy: A sample from Tekirdağ. TJPH. April 2014;12(1):1-12. doi:10.20518/thsd.81750
Chicago Mutlu, Levent, and Gamze Varol Saraçoğlu. “Prevalence of Smoking and Factors Affecting Smoking Behaviour During Pregnancy: A Sample from Tekirdağ”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 12, no. 1 (April 2014): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.20518/thsd.81750.
EndNote Mutlu L, Varol Saraçoğlu G (April 1, 2014) Prevalence of smoking and factors affecting smoking behaviour during pregnancy: A sample from Tekirdağ. Turkish Journal of Public Health 12 1 1–12.
IEEE L. Mutlu and G. Varol Saraçoğlu, “Prevalence of smoking and factors affecting smoking behaviour during pregnancy: A sample from Tekirdağ”, TJPH, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2014, doi: 10.20518/thsd.81750.
ISNAD Mutlu, Levent - Varol Saraçoğlu, Gamze. “Prevalence of Smoking and Factors Affecting Smoking Behaviour During Pregnancy: A Sample from Tekirdağ”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 12/1 (April 2014), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.20518/thsd.81750.
JAMA Mutlu L, Varol Saraçoğlu G. Prevalence of smoking and factors affecting smoking behaviour during pregnancy: A sample from Tekirdağ. TJPH. 2014;12:1–12.
MLA Mutlu, Levent and Gamze Varol Saraçoğlu. “Prevalence of Smoking and Factors Affecting Smoking Behaviour During Pregnancy: A Sample from Tekirdağ”. Turkish Journal of Public Health, vol. 12, no. 1, 2014, pp. 1-12, doi:10.20518/thsd.81750.
Vancouver Mutlu L, Varol Saraçoğlu G. Prevalence of smoking and factors affecting smoking behaviour during pregnancy: A sample from Tekirdağ. TJPH. 2014;12(1):1-12.

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