Editorial
Year 2023,
Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 49 - 57, 30.06.2023
Abstract
Depremler, günümüzde dünya çapında en çok ölüme, ciddi yaralanmaya ve uzuv kaybına neden olan doğal afetlerdir. Etkileri toplumlar için yüksek ekonomik kayıplara ve maliyetlere neden olan, kaçınılmaz, zamansız, yıkıcı etkileri olan en önemli doğa olaylarından biri olarak insanlığı ve farklı coğrafyalardaki birçok toplumu medeniyet tarihi boyunca derinden etkilemiş ve etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Geçmişte yaşanan depremlerin tarihsel etkilerinin izlerinin halen görülebildiği ülkemiz, yakın gelecekte yeni bir deprem olgusuyla yeniden yüzleşmek zorunda kalmıştır. Deprem nedeniy-le travmalar yaşamaya devam eden toplumumuz gelecekte de depremle birlikte yaşamayı öğren-mek zorundadır. Deprem, başta deprem bölgesindeki bireyleri olmak üzere toplumun hemen he-men tamamını olumsuz etkilemekle birlikte, yol açtığı sosyo-ekonomik sorunlar ve ruh sağlığı sorunlarıyla özellikle savunmasız bireyleri, öncelikle de engelliler, çocuklar ve yaşlılar gibi toplum gruplarını daha şiddetli ve olumsuz etkiler. Toplumun bu kırılgan grupları, toplumun geneli gibi sosyal sınıf, meslek, etnik köken, cinsiyet, engellilik, sağlık durumu, yaş ve göçmenlik durumu gibi değişkenlere bağlı olarak doğal afetlerden farklı düzeylerde etkilenir. Toplumların küresel ölçekte dönüşen demografik yapısının kaçınılmaz sonucu olarak, nüfusun giderek artan bir bölümünü oluşturan yaşlı yetişkinler doğal afetlerin ani ve beklenmeyen etkilerine karşı en savunmasız grup-lar arasında yer almaktadırlar. Yaşlı nüfusun hızla arttığı ülkemizde, yaşlı popülasyonun depreme bağlı ruh sağlığı sorunlarının da ayrıcalıklı bir şekilde ele alınması güncel bir zorunluluktur. Bu bakış açısıyla, çalışmamızda bir doğa olayı olarak depremin insan yaşamı üzerindeki etkileri kısaca ele alınacak, yaşlılığın genel özelliklerine değinilecek, sonrasında depremin kırılgan toplum grupla-rından biri olan yaşlı bireyler üzerinde yol açabileceği psiko-sosyal sorunlara odaklanılarak ve yaşlıların bu sorunları deneyimlememelerine yönelik önerilerde bulunulacaktır.
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- Huerta, F., & Horton, R. (1978). Coping behavior of elderly flood victims. The Gerontologist, 18(6), 541–546. doi:10.1093/geront/18.6.541
- Janssens, J. P., Pache J. C., & Nicod, L. P. (1999). Physiological changes in respiratory function associated with ageing. European Respiratory Journal, 13(1), 197–205. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13a36.x
- Kalınkara, V. (2021). Temel Gerontoloji: Yaşlılık Bilimi. (4. Baskı) Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
- Kart, C. S., & Kinney, J. M. (2001). The Realities of Aging: An Introduction to Gerontology (6th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
- Kilijanek, T. S., & Drabek, T. (1979). Assessing longterm impacts of a natural disaster: A focus on the elderly. The Gerontologist, 19(6), 555–565. doi:: 10.1093/geront/19.6.555
- Kino S, Aida J, Kondo K, Kawachi I. (2021). Persistent mental health impacts of disaster. Five-year follow-up after the 2011 great east Japan earthquake and tsunami: Iwanuma Study. J Psychiatr Res. 136, 452-459. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.08.016.
- Knight, B. G., Gatz, M., Heller, K., & Bengston, V. L. (2000). Age and emotional response to the Northridge earthquake: A longitudinal analysis. Psychology and Aging, 15(4), 627–634. doi:10. 1037/0882-7974.15.4.627
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Year 2023,
Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 49 - 57, 30.06.2023
Abstract
Earthquakes are natural disasters that cause the most deaths, serious injuries and loss of limbs worldwide today. As one of the most important natural events with inevitable, untimely and de-structive effects, which cause high economic losses and costs for societies, it has deeply affected humanity and many societies in different geographies throughout the history of civilization and continues to affect it. Our country, where the traces of the historical effects of the earthquakes in the past can still be seen, had to face a new earthquake phenomenon in the near future. Our society, which continues to experience traumas due to the earthquake, has to learn to live with the earth-quake in the future. While the earthquake negatively affects almost all of the society, especially the individuals in the earthquake area, it affects especially vulnerable individuals, especially the disa-bled, children and the elderly, more severely and negatively, with the socio-economic problems and mental health problems it causes. These vulnerable groups of the society are affected by natu-ral disasters at different levels depending on variables such as social class, occupation, ethnicity, gender, disability, health status, age and immigration status, as well as the general society. As an inevitable result of the changing demographic structure of societies on a global scale, older adults, who constitute an increasing part of the population, are among the most vulnerable groups against the sudden and unexpected effects of natural disasters. In our country where the elderly popula-tion is increasing rapidly, it is a current necessity to deal with the mental health problems of the elderly population due to earthquakes in a privileged way. From this point of view, in our study, the effects of the earthquake as a natural event on human life will be briefly discussed, the general characteristics of old age will be mentioned, then by focusing on the psychosocial problems that the earthquake may cause on the elderly, one of the vulnerable social groups, and suggestions will be made for the elderly not to experience these problems.
References
- Adams, V., Kaufman, S.K., van Hattum, T., & Moody, S. (2011). Aging disaster: Mortality, vulnerability, and long-term recovery among Katrina Survivors. Medical Anthropology: Cross-Cultural Studies in Health and Illness, 30(3), 247–270. doi:10.1080/ 01459740.2011.560777
- Alexander, D. (1996). The health effects of earthquakes in the Mid-1990s. Disasters, 20, 231–247. doi:10. 1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01036.x
- Alexander, D. (2015). Disability and disaster: An overview. In I. Kelman & L.M. Stough (Eds.) Disability and disaster: Explorations and exchanges (pp. 15–30). New York: Palgrave/Macmillan Press.
- Allen, J, Brown, L. M., Alpass, F. M., Stephens, C. V. (2018). Longitudinal health and disaster impact in older New Zealand adults in the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake series. J Gerontol Soc Work, 61(7), 701-718. doi:10.1080/01634372.2018.1494073.
- Anetzberger, G. J. (2002). Community resources to promote successful aging. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 18, 611–625. doi:10.1016/S0749-0690(02)00018-6
- Banks, L. (2013). Caring for elderly adults during disasters: Improving health outcomes and recovery. National Emergency Training Center. [internet: 04.05.2023]
- Bayraktar, N., & Dal Yılmaz, Ü. (2018). Vulnerability of elderly people in disasters: A systematic review. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 21(2),467–482.
- Bell, B. D., Kara, G., & Batterson, C. (1978). Service utilization and adjustment patterns of elderly tornado victims in an American disaster. Mass Emergencies, 3, 71–81.
- Bilir, N. (2021). Yaşlılık tanımı, yaşlılık kavramı, epidemiyolojik özellikler. (Eds) A. Ertürk, A. Bahadır & F. Koşar). Yaşlılık ve Solunum Hastalıkları. TÜSAD Eğitim Serisi Kitapları, Türkiye Solunum Araştırmaları Derneği (s.13–31).
- Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., & Wisner, B. (1994). At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters. London: Routledge.
- Bolin, R., & Klenow, D. J. (1988). Older people in disaster: A comparison of black and white victims. International Journal on Aging and Human Development, 26(1), 29–43. doi:/10.2190/RHK2-416V-MGXH-H
- Chaudhary, M. T., & Awais P. (2021). Natural disasters—origins, impacts, management. Encyclopedia, 1(4), 1101–1131. doi:10.3390/encyclopedia 1040084
- Chou, F. H.-C., Su, T. T.-P., Ou-Yang, W.-C., Chien, I-C., Lu, M.-K., & Chou, P. (2003). Establishment of a disaster-related psychological screening test. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psy-chiatry, 37(1), 97–103. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01087.x
- Claver, M., Dobalian, A., Fickel ,J. J., Ricci, K. A., & Mallers, M. H. (2013). Comprehensive care for vulnerable elderly veterans during disasters. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 56(1), 205–213. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2012.07.010.
- Cohen, E.S. & Poulshock, S.W. (1977). Societal response to mass dislocation of the elderly. The Gerontologist, 17(3), 262–268. doi:10.1093/geront/17.3. 262
- CRED-UNDRR (Centre for research on the epidemiology of disasters—United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction) (2020). Human Cost of Disas-ters: An Overview of the Last 20 Years (2000–2019); CRED-UNDRR: Brussels, Belgium, 2020; 3 https://www.undrr.org/publication/human-cost-disasters-overview-last-20-years-2000-2019:[internet]: 04.04.2023
- Davey, J. A., & Neale, J. (2013). Earthquake preparedness in an ageing society: Learning from the experience of the Canterbury earthquakes. https://www.eqc.govt.nz/resilience-and-research/research/search-all-research-reports/earthquake-preparedness-in-an-ageing-society-learning-from-the-experience-of-the-canterbury-earthquakes/ adresinden alınmıştır.
- Denic, A., Glassock, R. J., & Rule, A. D. (2016). Structural and functional changes with the aging kidney. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, 23(1), 19–28. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2015.08.004
- Donatelli N.S., Somes, J.(2012). Disaster planning considerations involving the geriatric patient: Part II. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 38(6);563–67. (PMID: 23040168).
- Dybiec, J., Szlagor, M., Młynarska, E., Rysz, J., & Franczyk, B. (2022). Structural and functional changes in aging kidneys. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(23), 15435. doi:10.3390/ ijms232315435
- Fernandez, L. S., Byard, D., Lin, C. C., Benson, S., & Barbera, J. A. (2002). Frail elderly as disaster victims: Emergency management strategies. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 17(2),67–74. doi:10.1017/ s1049023x00000200
- Flint, B., & Prasanna, T. (2020). Physiology, Aging. StatPearls [Internet]. PMID: 32310566 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556106/ adresinden alınmıştır.
- Garcia-Ortega, I., Kutcher, S., Abel, W., Alleyne, S., Baboolal, N., & Chehil, S. (2012). Support for vulnerable groups following A disaster. In: Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Disaster Situations in the Caribbean: Core Knowledge for Emergency Preparedness and Response. Washington DC: Pan American Health Organization. (pp.73–88).
- Gutiérrez, E., Taucer, F., De Groeve, T., Al-Khudhairy, D. H. A., & Zaldivar, J. M. (2005). Analysis of worldwide earthquake mortality using multivariate demographic and seismic data. American Journal of Epidemiology, 161, 1151–1158 doi:10.1590/s10 20-49892005000800013
- HelpAGe (2013). Displacement and older people. The case of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011. https://www.helpage.org/silo/ files/displacement-and-older-people-the-case-of-the-great-east-japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-of-2011.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
- Huerta, F., & Horton, R. (1978). Coping behavior of elderly flood victims. The Gerontologist, 18(6), 541–546. doi:10.1093/geront/18.6.541
- Janssens, J. P., Pache J. C., & Nicod, L. P. (1999). Physiological changes in respiratory function associated with ageing. European Respiratory Journal, 13(1), 197–205. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13a36.x
- Kalınkara, V. (2021). Temel Gerontoloji: Yaşlılık Bilimi. (4. Baskı) Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
- Kart, C. S., & Kinney, J. M. (2001). The Realities of Aging: An Introduction to Gerontology (6th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
- Kilijanek, T. S., & Drabek, T. (1979). Assessing longterm impacts of a natural disaster: A focus on the elderly. The Gerontologist, 19(6), 555–565. doi:: 10.1093/geront/19.6.555
- Kino S, Aida J, Kondo K, Kawachi I. (2021). Persistent mental health impacts of disaster. Five-year follow-up after the 2011 great east Japan earthquake and tsunami: Iwanuma Study. J Psychiatr Res. 136, 452-459. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.08.016.
- Knight, B. G., Gatz, M., Heller, K., & Bengston, V. L. (2000). Age and emotional response to the Northridge earthquake: A longitudinal analysis. Psychology and Aging, 15(4), 627–634. doi:10. 1037/0882-7974.15.4.627
- Küçük, U., & Karadeniz, H. (2021). Yaşlanmaya bağlı bireylerde görülen fizyolojik, ruhsal, sosyal değişiklikler ve korunmaya yönelik önlemler. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi (YSAD) / Elderly Issues Research Journal (EIRJ), 14(2), 96–103. doi:10. 46414/yasad.877517
- Mavrouli, M., Mavroulis, S., Lekkas, E., & Tsakris, A. (2023). The impact of earthquakes on public health: A narrative review of infectious diseases in the postdisaster period aiming to disaster risk reduction. Microorganisms, 11(2), 419. doi:10.3390/ microorganisms11020419
- McFarlane, A. C., & Norris, F. H. (2006). Definitions and concepts in disaster research. In F. H. Norris, S. Galea, M. J. Friedman & P. J. Watson (Eds.). Methods for Disaster Mental Health Research (pp. 3–19). The Guilford Press.
- Melick, M. E., & Logue, J. N. (1985). The effect of disaster on the health and well-being of older women. International Journal on Aging and Human Development, 21(1), 27–38. doi:10.2190/qud0-yc8b-pgn8-ry6p
- Naghii, M. R. (2005). Public health impact and medical consequences of earthquakes. Public health impact and medical consequences of earthquakes. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 18, 216–221.
- Peek-Asa, C., Ramirez, M., Seligson, H., & Shoaf, K. (2003). Seismic, structural, and individual factors associated with earthquake related injury. Injury Prevention, 9, 62–66. https://injuryprevention. bmj. com/content/9/1/62
- Rafiey, H., Momtaz, Y. A., Alipour, F., Khankeh, H., Ahmadi, S., Khoshnami, M. S., & Haron, S. A. (2016). Are older people more vulnerable to long-term impacts of disasters? Clinical Interventions in Aging, 11, 1791. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S122122
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There are 50 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aged Health Care |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | June 30, 2023 |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 16 Issue: 1 |
