Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışma, dumansız bir tütün formu olan Maraş otunun kronik kullanımının reaksiyon zamanı üzerine herhangi bir etkisinin olup olmadığını belirlemek amacı ile planlanmıştır.
Gereç ve yöntemler: Çalışmaya herhangi bir hastalığı bulunmayan en az 3 yıldır Maraş otu kullanan 30 kişi, en az 3 yıldır sigara içen 30 kişi ve herhangi bir tütün ürünü kullanmayan 30 kişi olmak üzere toplam 90 sağlıklı erkek dahil edildi. Maraş otu veya sigara kullanan kişilere deneylerden en az 12 saat önce Maraş otu veya sigara kullanmamaları söylendi. Maraş otu kullanan, sigara içen ve herhangi bir tütün ürünü kullanmayan kişilerin işitsel reaksiyon zamanları karşılaştırıldı. Reaksiyon zamanı ölçümleri PowerLab 8/35 LabChart Pro veri kayıt sistemi kullanılarak yapıldı. Çalışmanın sonuçları One-Way-ANOVA ve Kruskal Wallis Varyans Analizi testi kullanılarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Yaş, boy, kilo, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) gibi demografik özellikler bakımdan gruplar arasında fark yoktu (p>0.05). Reaksiyon zamanı Maraş otu kullanan kişilerde 0.31±0.08 (0.21-0.53), sigara içen kişilerde 0.25±0.07 (0.17-0.40) ve herhangi bir tütün ürünü kullanmayan kişilerde 0.20±0.02 (0.16-0.23) olarak tespit edildi. Maraş otu kullanan kişilerin sigara içen kişilere ve herhangi bir tütün ürünü kullanmayan kişilere göre reaksiyon zamanı anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p=0.002, p<0.001; sırasıyla). Ayrıca sigara içen kişilerin reaksiyon zamanı da herhangi bir tütün ürünü kullanmayan kişilere göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p=0.003).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar kronik olarak Maraş otu kullanan kişilerin sigara içen kişilere ve herhangi bir tütün ürünü kullanmayan kişilere göre reaksiyon zamanlarının daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Tütün ürünlerinin reaksiyon zamanı üzerine etkilerini araştıran daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
KSÜ Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP)
Proje Numarası
2020/4-24 A
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma, Türk Fizyolojik Bilimler Derneği 46. Ulusal Fizyoloji Kongresinde (8-10 Ekim 2021, Çevrimiçi) poster bildiri olarak sunulmuş olup, özeti (kogre kitapçığı) ve abstract’ı (ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA 2021;234(S724):81) yayınlanmıştır.
Kaynakça
- WHO. Tobacco fact sheet. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
- Viegas CA. Noncigarette forms of tobacco use. J Bras Pneumol. 2008;34:1069-1073.
- Hecht SS, Hatsukami DK. Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking: chemical mechanisms and cancer prevention. Nat Rev Cancer. 2022;22:143-155.
- Sagiroglu S, Erdogan A, Doganer A, Okyay RA. Otorhinolaryngological symptoms among smokeless tobacco (Maras powder) users. North Clin Istanb. 2018;6:284-292.
- Seringeç Akkeçeci N, Öksüz G. Maraş otunun ağrı şiddeti, ağrı eşiği ve ağrı toleransı üzerine etkisi. Dicle Med J. 2021;48:369-374.
- Reigal RE, Barrero S, Martín I, Morales-Sánchez V, Juárez-Ruiz de Mier R, Hernández-Mendo A. Relationships between reaction time, selective attention, physical activity, and physical fitness in children. Front Psychol 2019;10:2278.
- Rahman MH, Islam MS. Investigation of audio-visual simple reaction time of university athletes and non-athletes. J Adv Sport Phys Edu. 2021;4:24-29.
- Woods DL, Wyma JM, Yund EW, Herron TJ, Reed B. Factors influencing the latency of simple reaction time. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2015;9:131.
- Türen U, Kaya B, Akkocaoğlu H. An experiment on the factors affecting simple reaction time Basit reaksiyon zamanını etkileyen faktörler üzerine bir deney. Journal of Human Sciences 2013;10:637-654.
- Genc A, Bilici MF. Kadın atletizm ve voleybolcuların görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon zamanlarının incelenmesi. GUJSS. 2020;5:40-46.
- Ağırbaş Ö. Vücut kitle indeksi ile el ve ayakta görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon zamanları ilişkisi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2019;21:30-38.
- Wadoo OK, Syeed SI. Comparative study of simple and choice visual reaction time in young adults. IJRR 2019;6:337-340.
- Vallath AL, Joshi AR, Vaidya SM. Effect of Abstinence on Audio-Visual Reaction Time in Chronic Smokers Pursuing a Professional Course. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9:8-11.
- Melroy-Greif WE, Stitzel JA, Ehringer MA. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: upregulation, age-related effects and associations with drug use. Genes Brain Behav. 2016;15(1):89-107.
- Sharma M, Shetty SS, Radhakrishnan RA. Novel Pathways and Mechanisms of Nicotine-Induced Oral Carcinogenesis. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov. 2022;17:66-79.
- Ren M, Lotfipour S, Leslie F. Unique effects of nicotine across the lifespan. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2022;214:173343.
- Wills L, Kenny PJ. Addiction-related neuroadaptations following chronic nicotine exposure. J Neurochem. 2021;157:1652-1673.
- Cooper SY, Henderson BJ. The ımpact of electronic nicotine delivery system (ends) flavors on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotine addiction-related behaviors. Molecules. 2020;25:4223.
- Schneider KK, Schote AB, Meyer J, Markett S, Reuter M, Frings C. Individual response speed is modulated by variants of the gene encoding the alpha 4 sub-unit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA4). Behav Brain Res. 2015;284:11-18.
- Firbank MJ, O'Brien JT, Taylor JP. Long reaction times are associated with delayed brain activity in lewy body dementia. Hum Brain Mapp. 2018;39:633-643.
- Agustiningsih D, Sofyana M, Budiharjo S, Febriana SA, Nurokhmanti H, Suhartini S et al. Reaction times among batik workers: the ınfluence of gender and occupational lead exposure. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:12605.
- Riaz T, Murtaza G, Arif A, Mahmood S, Sultana R, Al-Hussain F et al. Nicotine smoking is associated with impaired cognitive performance in Pakistani young people. Peer J. 2021;9:e11470.
- Jain AB, Sankhla M, Mathur, K. Study of Audio–Visual Reaction Time in Chronic Smokers and Alcoholic Males. Sch J App Med Sci. 2017;5:1990-1995.
Öz
Objective: This study was planned to determine whether the chronic use of Maras powder, a form of smokeless tobacco, has any effect on reaction time.
Materials and Methods: A total of 90 healthy men, who did not have any disease, 30 people who have been using Maras powder for at least 3 years, 30 people who have been smoking for at least 3 years, and 30 people who did not use any tobacco product, were included in the study. People using Maras powder or cigarette were told not to use them at least 12 hours before the experiments. The auditory reaction times of people who use Maras powder, smoke, and do not use any tobacco product were compared. Reaction time measurements were made using the PowerLab 8/35 LabChart Pro data recording system. The results of the study were analyzed using One-Way-ANOVA, and Kruskal Wallis Analysis of Variance test.
Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics such as age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) (p>0.05). The reaction time was 0.31±0.08 (0.21-0.53) in people who use maras powder, 0.25±0.07 (0.17-0.40) in people who smoke, and 20±0.02 (0.16-0.23) in people who don’t use any tobacco product. The reaction time of people using Maras powder was found to be significantly higher than people who smoke and people who do not use any tobacco product (p=0.002, p<0.001; respectively). In addition, the reaction time of smokers was found to be significantly higher than those who did not use any tobacco product (p=0.003).
Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed that people who use chronically Maras powder have higher reaction time than people who smoke, and people who do not use any tobacco product. More studies are needed to investigate the effects of tobacco products on reaction time.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Maraş powder Smokeless tobacco Reaction time Cigarette Nicotine
Proje Numarası
2020/4-24 A
Kaynakça
- WHO. Tobacco fact sheet. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
- Viegas CA. Noncigarette forms of tobacco use. J Bras Pneumol. 2008;34:1069-1073.
- Hecht SS, Hatsukami DK. Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking: chemical mechanisms and cancer prevention. Nat Rev Cancer. 2022;22:143-155.
- Sagiroglu S, Erdogan A, Doganer A, Okyay RA. Otorhinolaryngological symptoms among smokeless tobacco (Maras powder) users. North Clin Istanb. 2018;6:284-292.
- Seringeç Akkeçeci N, Öksüz G. Maraş otunun ağrı şiddeti, ağrı eşiği ve ağrı toleransı üzerine etkisi. Dicle Med J. 2021;48:369-374.
- Reigal RE, Barrero S, Martín I, Morales-Sánchez V, Juárez-Ruiz de Mier R, Hernández-Mendo A. Relationships between reaction time, selective attention, physical activity, and physical fitness in children. Front Psychol 2019;10:2278.
- Rahman MH, Islam MS. Investigation of audio-visual simple reaction time of university athletes and non-athletes. J Adv Sport Phys Edu. 2021;4:24-29.
- Woods DL, Wyma JM, Yund EW, Herron TJ, Reed B. Factors influencing the latency of simple reaction time. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2015;9:131.
- Türen U, Kaya B, Akkocaoğlu H. An experiment on the factors affecting simple reaction time Basit reaksiyon zamanını etkileyen faktörler üzerine bir deney. Journal of Human Sciences 2013;10:637-654.
- Genc A, Bilici MF. Kadın atletizm ve voleybolcuların görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon zamanlarının incelenmesi. GUJSS. 2020;5:40-46.
- Ağırbaş Ö. Vücut kitle indeksi ile el ve ayakta görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon zamanları ilişkisi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2019;21:30-38.
- Wadoo OK, Syeed SI. Comparative study of simple and choice visual reaction time in young adults. IJRR 2019;6:337-340.
- Vallath AL, Joshi AR, Vaidya SM. Effect of Abstinence on Audio-Visual Reaction Time in Chronic Smokers Pursuing a Professional Course. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9:8-11.
- Melroy-Greif WE, Stitzel JA, Ehringer MA. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: upregulation, age-related effects and associations with drug use. Genes Brain Behav. 2016;15(1):89-107.
- Sharma M, Shetty SS, Radhakrishnan RA. Novel Pathways and Mechanisms of Nicotine-Induced Oral Carcinogenesis. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov. 2022;17:66-79.
- Ren M, Lotfipour S, Leslie F. Unique effects of nicotine across the lifespan. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2022;214:173343.
- Wills L, Kenny PJ. Addiction-related neuroadaptations following chronic nicotine exposure. J Neurochem. 2021;157:1652-1673.
- Cooper SY, Henderson BJ. The ımpact of electronic nicotine delivery system (ends) flavors on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotine addiction-related behaviors. Molecules. 2020;25:4223.
- Schneider KK, Schote AB, Meyer J, Markett S, Reuter M, Frings C. Individual response speed is modulated by variants of the gene encoding the alpha 4 sub-unit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA4). Behav Brain Res. 2015;284:11-18.
- Firbank MJ, O'Brien JT, Taylor JP. Long reaction times are associated with delayed brain activity in lewy body dementia. Hum Brain Mapp. 2018;39:633-643.
- Agustiningsih D, Sofyana M, Budiharjo S, Febriana SA, Nurokhmanti H, Suhartini S et al. Reaction times among batik workers: the ınfluence of gender and occupational lead exposure. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:12605.
- Riaz T, Murtaza G, Arif A, Mahmood S, Sultana R, Al-Hussain F et al. Nicotine smoking is associated with impaired cognitive performance in Pakistani young people. Peer J. 2021;9:e11470.
- Jain AB, Sankhla M, Mathur, K. Study of Audio–Visual Reaction Time in Chronic Smokers and Alcoholic Males. Sch J App Med Sci. 2017;5:1990-1995.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 2020/4-24 A |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 16 Mart 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Mart 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 4 Ekim 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1 |
