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COVID-19 Pandemisinde riskli gruplarda tele-tıp ve tele–hemşirelik

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 127 - 135, 26.12.2022

Öz

Bu derlemede, COVID-19 pandemisinde özellikle riskli gruplarda tele-tıp ve tele-hemşirelik kullanımına ilişkin mevcut durumu değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Son 20 yılda teknolojideki gelişmelere paralel olarak sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumu değişikliğe uğramış ve bu durum hem tıbbi tedavi hem de hemşirelik bakımı uygulamalarına yansımıştır. Hemşirelik süreci kapsamında ele alınan tanılama, planlama, uygulama ve değerlendirme süreçleri sanal bağlantılar aracılığıyla gerçekleştirebilir hale gelmiştir. Tele-hemşirelik, tele-tıp sisteminin bir alt bileşeni olup, bireyin bilgilerini kontrol etme, değerlendirme, yönlendirme ve iyilik haline katkıda bulunmak üzere bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanılmasını ifade etmektedir. COVID-19’a maruz kalma ve bulaş riski açısından yüksek riskli gruplar içerisinde yer alan onkoloji hastaları, gebeler, kronik hastalığı olanlar ve solid organ nakilli hastaların takip, tedavi, kontrol, eğitim ve danışmanlık hizmetlerinde tele-tıp ve tele-hemşirelik sisteminden faydalanılması önerilmekle birlikte, yapılmış çalışmalarda hasta sonuçlarına da olumlu etkisi olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü de COVID-19 pandemisi ile mücadelede tele-tıp hizmetlerinin kullanımını desteklemektedir. Tüm dünyayı ve ülkemizi etkisi altına alan COVID-19 pandemisi sağlık bakım hizmetlerinin sunumunda iletişim teknolojilerinin ve medya araçlarının kullanılması gerekliliğini getirmiş, tele-tıp ve tele-hemşirelik kullanımına olan ihtiyacı artırmıştır. Pandemi sürecinde risk grubunda bulunan hastaların tedavi, bakım ve izleminin uzaktan yapılmasına olanak sağlayan tele-tıp ve tele-hemşirelik sisteminin geliştirilmesi yanı sıra kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması önerilmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

  • 1. Korhonen ES, Nordman T, Eriksson K. Technology and its ethics in nursing and caring journals: An integrative literature review. Nurs Ethics. 2015;22(5):561–576.
  • 2. Davis TM, Olff C. Tele-ICU today: Connecting care through innovation. Nursing2020 Critical Care. 2015;10(5):15-18.
  • 3. Pazar B, Taştan S, İyigün E. Tele sağlık sisteminde hemşirenin rolü. Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi. 2015;11(1):1-4.
  • 4. Alkan A, Mirici M. COVİD - 19 Pandemisinden Öğrendiklerimiz, Gelecek Öngörüleri ve Yarının Planlanması. Editör: Ak G. ve Yılmaz Ü. COVID-19 pandemisinde tele medicine [Internet]. TÜSAD, [Erişim tarihi: Mayıs 29, 2021]. Erişim adresi:https://solunum.org.tr/yayinlar/list/881/COVID-19-pandemisinden-ogrendiklerimiz-gelecek-ongoruleri-ve-yarinin-planlanmas.html.
  • 5. Shaw DK. Overwiev of telehealt and its application to cardiopulmonary physical therapy. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2009;20(2):13-18.
  • 6. Cloyd B, Thompson J. Virtual Care Nursing:The Wave of the Future. Nurse Leader. 2020;18(2):147–150.
  • 7. Kızılkaya T, Hancıoğlu Aytaç S, Yazıcı S. COVİD - 19 pandemisinde gebelik dönemi ve telesağlık. EGEHFD. 2020;36(3):189-198.
  • 8. Korku C. Use of Telemedicine in COVID-19 Pandemia. Hacettepe Journal of Health Administration. 2021;24(3):619-632.
  • 9. Mehrotra A, Wang B, Snyder G. Telemedicine: What should the post-pandemic regulatory and payment landscape look like? [Internet]. August 2020 [Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ekim 2022]. Erişim adresi: https://www.senate.mn/committees/2021-2022/3095_Committee_on_Health_and_Human_Services_Finance_and_Policy/Commonwealth%20Fund_Telemedicine.pdf
  • 10. Mouchtouris N, Lavergne P, Montenegro TS, Gonzalez G, Baldassari M,... & Evans J. J. Telemedicine in neurosurgery: Lessons learned and transformation of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. World Neurosurgery. 2020;140:e387-e394.
  • 11. Ohannessian R, Duong TA, Odone A. Global telemedicine implementation and integration within health systems to fight the COVID-19 pandemic: A call to action. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. 2020;6(2):e18810.
  • 12. Çapacı M, Özkaya S. The use of telemedicine during COVİD - 19 pandemic. Anadolu Klin. 2020;1:260–262.
  • 13. Ay F. Elektronik hasta kayıtları: Güvenlik, etik ve yasal sorunlar. AUBTD-B. 2008;9(2):165-175.
  • 14. Chaet D, Clearfield R, Sabin JE, Skimming K. Ethical practice in telehealth and telemedicine. JGIM. 2017;32:1136-1140.
  • 15. Sonagli M, Cagnacci NR, Magnani Leite FP, Alves Makdissi FB. The use of telemedicine to maintain breast cancer follow-up and surveillance during the COVID- 19 pandemic. J of Surg Oncol. 2021;123(2):371-374.
  • 16. Selim S, Balyaner İ. Türkiye’de hane halkının sahip olduğu bilişim teknolojileri ürünleri sayısını belirleyen faktörlerin araştırılması: bir sayma veri modeli investigation of the factors determining the number of information technology products owned by households: a count data model. MAKU SOBED. 2017;9(22):428-454.
  • 17. Monaghesh E, Hajizadeh A. The role of telehealth during COVID-19 outbreak: A systematic review based on current evidence. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1-9.
  • 18. Lee I, Kovarik C, Tejasvi T, Pizarro M, Lipoff JB. Telehealth: Helping your patients and practice survive and thrive during the COVID-19 crisis with rapid quality implementation. JAAD. 2020;82(5):1213-1214.
  • 19. Jordan V. Coronavirus (COVID-19): Remote care through telehealth. J Prim Health Care. 2020;12(2):184-185.
  • 20. Aslani N, Garavand A. The role of telemedicine to control COVID-19. Iran J Clin Infect Dis. 2020;15:e102949.
  • 21. Altuntaş EY. Sağlık hizmetleri uygulamalarında dijital dönüşüm. [Internet]. Eğitim Yayınevi. 2019. [Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ekim 2022]. Erişim adresi: https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=HWezDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Altunta%C5%9F+EY.+Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k+Hizmetleri+Uygulamalar%C4%B1nda+Dijital+D%C3%B6n%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCm+-+Google+Kitaplar&ots=iXyvtzzKhO&sig=lmekuvbWc0c5ppdNrugPzh4TAsE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • 22. Bilik Ö. Kalça protezi uygulanmış hastaların evde telefonla izlenmesinin iyileşmeye etkisi. [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2006.
  • 23. Valanis B, Tanner C, Moscato SR, Shapiro S, Izumi S, David M et.al. A model for examining predictors of outcomes of telephone nursing advice. J Nurs Admin. 2003;33:91-95.
  • 24. Purabdollah M, Ghasempour M. Tele-nursing new opportunity for nursing care in COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Iran J Public Health. 2020; 49(1):130-131.
  • 25. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. COVID-19 Hastalığı için Risk Grubunda Olan Kronik Hastalıklar. [Internet]. [Erişim Tarihi: 22 Haziran 2022]. Erişim adresi: https://shgm.saglik.gov.tr/TR-65809/COVID-19-hastaligi-icin-risk-grubunda-olan-kronik-hastaliklar.html
  • 26. Lakkireddy DR, Chung MK, Gopinathannair R, Patton KK, Gluckman TJ, Turagam M et.al. Guidance for cardiac electrophysiology during the COVİD - 19 pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVİD - 19 Task Force; Electrophysiology Section of the American College of Cardiology; and the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141(21):e823-e831.
  • 27. Fagherazzi G, Goetzinger C, Rashid MA, Aguayo GA, Huiart L. Digital health strategies to fight COVİD - 19 worldwide: challenges, recommendations, and a call for papers. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(6):e19284.
  • 28. Seven M, Moraitis AM. The Challenges of Cancer Care in the Time of the COVİD - 19 Pandemic. Cancer Nurs. 2020;43(5):427–428.
  • 29. Gonçalves BT, Baiocchi G. Telemedicine and cancer research during the COVİD - 19 pandemic. J Surg Oncol. 2021;123(1):359–360.
  • 30. Breslin N, Baptiste C, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Miller R, Martinez R, Bernstein K et.al. COVİD - 19 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: Two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020;2(2):1-7.
  • 31. Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu W, Zhang W et.al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVİD - 19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. The Lancet. 2020;395(10226):809-815.
  • 32. Penny AR, Bradford NK, Langbecker D. Registered nurse and midwife experiences of using videoconferencing in practice: A systematic review of qualitative studies. JCN. 2017;27(5-6):e739–752.
  • 33. Zhai Y, Zhu W, Cai Y, Sun D, Zhao J. Clinical- and cost-effectiveness of telemedicine in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2014;93(28):e312.
  • 34. Sciberras J, Camilleri LM, Cuschieri S. The burden of type 2 diabetes pre-and during the COVİD - 19 pandemic – a review. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2020;19(2):1357–1365.
  • 35. Lim ST, Yap F, Chin X. Bridging the needs of adolescent diabetes care during COVID-19: a nurse-led telehealth ınitiative. J Adolesc Health. 2020;67(4):615–617.
  • 36. Neubeck L, Hansen T, Jaarsma T, Klompstra L, Gallagher R. Delivering healthcare remotely to cardiovascular patients during COVİD - 19: A rapid review of the evidence. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2020;19(6):486–494.
  • 37. Koçak Z. COVİD - 19 pandemisinde telesağlık uygulamaları Editör: Çakmak HD. COVİD - 19 pandemisinde kardiyovasküler hastalıklı hasta sağlığı ve tele sağlık uygulamaları. 2020;83-89.
  • 38. Akdur A, Karakaya E, Ayvazoğlu Soy EH, Alshalabi O, Kirnap M, Arslan H et.al. Coronavirus Disease (COVİD - 19) in Kidney and Liver Transplant Patients: A Single-Center Experience. Exp Clin Transplant. 2020;18(3):270-274.
  • 39. Fung M, Babik JM. COVİD - 19 in Immunocompromised Hosts: What We Know So Far. CID. 2021;72(2):340-350.
  • 40. Rodrigo E, Minambres E, Gutiérrez‐Baños JL, Valero R, Belmar L, Ruiz JC. COVİD - 19–related collapse of transplantation systems: A heterogeneous recovery? Am J Transplant. 2020;20(11):3265–3266.
  • 41. Costa AP, de Andrade ZB, Huf ACR, Souza AEFC, Bertoncello KCG, de Jesus SC et. al. Nursing Technologies in Brazil: A Review. J Nurs Health Sci. 2020;6(2):30-40.

Tele-medicine and tele-nursing in risky groups in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 127 - 135, 26.12.2022

Öz

This review, it is aimed to evaluate the current situation regarding the use of tele-medicine and tele-nursing, especially in risky groups, in the COVID-19 pandemic. In the last 20 years, parallel to the developments in technology, the provision of health services has changed and this situation has been reflected in both medical treatment and nursing care practices. Diagnosis, planning, application and evaluation processes, which are handled within the scope of the nursing process, have become possible through virtual connections. Tele-nursing is a sub-component of the telemedicine system and refers to the use of information and communication technologies to control, evaluate, direct and contribute to the individual's information. It is recommended to use tele-medicine and tele-nursing systems in the follow-up, treatment, control, training and consultancy services of oncology patients, pregnant women, those with chronic diseases and solid organ transplant patients, who are among the high-risk groups in terms of exposure and transmission risk to COVID-19. However, studies have shown that it has a positive effect on patient outcomes. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) supports the use of telemedicine services in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic, which affected the whole world and our country, brought the necessity of using communication technologies and media tools in the delivery of healthcare services and increased the need for the use of tele-medicine and tele-nursing. It is recommended that the tele-medicine and tele-nursing system, which allows the treatment, care, and monitoring of patients in the risk group during the pandemic process, to be carried out remotely, as well as to expand its use.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • 1. Korhonen ES, Nordman T, Eriksson K. Technology and its ethics in nursing and caring journals: An integrative literature review. Nurs Ethics. 2015;22(5):561–576.
  • 2. Davis TM, Olff C. Tele-ICU today: Connecting care through innovation. Nursing2020 Critical Care. 2015;10(5):15-18.
  • 3. Pazar B, Taştan S, İyigün E. Tele sağlık sisteminde hemşirenin rolü. Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi. 2015;11(1):1-4.
  • 4. Alkan A, Mirici M. COVİD - 19 Pandemisinden Öğrendiklerimiz, Gelecek Öngörüleri ve Yarının Planlanması. Editör: Ak G. ve Yılmaz Ü. COVID-19 pandemisinde tele medicine [Internet]. TÜSAD, [Erişim tarihi: Mayıs 29, 2021]. Erişim adresi:https://solunum.org.tr/yayinlar/list/881/COVID-19-pandemisinden-ogrendiklerimiz-gelecek-ongoruleri-ve-yarinin-planlanmas.html.
  • 5. Shaw DK. Overwiev of telehealt and its application to cardiopulmonary physical therapy. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2009;20(2):13-18.
  • 6. Cloyd B, Thompson J. Virtual Care Nursing:The Wave of the Future. Nurse Leader. 2020;18(2):147–150.
  • 7. Kızılkaya T, Hancıoğlu Aytaç S, Yazıcı S. COVİD - 19 pandemisinde gebelik dönemi ve telesağlık. EGEHFD. 2020;36(3):189-198.
  • 8. Korku C. Use of Telemedicine in COVID-19 Pandemia. Hacettepe Journal of Health Administration. 2021;24(3):619-632.
  • 9. Mehrotra A, Wang B, Snyder G. Telemedicine: What should the post-pandemic regulatory and payment landscape look like? [Internet]. August 2020 [Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ekim 2022]. Erişim adresi: https://www.senate.mn/committees/2021-2022/3095_Committee_on_Health_and_Human_Services_Finance_and_Policy/Commonwealth%20Fund_Telemedicine.pdf
  • 10. Mouchtouris N, Lavergne P, Montenegro TS, Gonzalez G, Baldassari M,... & Evans J. J. Telemedicine in neurosurgery: Lessons learned and transformation of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. World Neurosurgery. 2020;140:e387-e394.
  • 11. Ohannessian R, Duong TA, Odone A. Global telemedicine implementation and integration within health systems to fight the COVID-19 pandemic: A call to action. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. 2020;6(2):e18810.
  • 12. Çapacı M, Özkaya S. The use of telemedicine during COVİD - 19 pandemic. Anadolu Klin. 2020;1:260–262.
  • 13. Ay F. Elektronik hasta kayıtları: Güvenlik, etik ve yasal sorunlar. AUBTD-B. 2008;9(2):165-175.
  • 14. Chaet D, Clearfield R, Sabin JE, Skimming K. Ethical practice in telehealth and telemedicine. JGIM. 2017;32:1136-1140.
  • 15. Sonagli M, Cagnacci NR, Magnani Leite FP, Alves Makdissi FB. The use of telemedicine to maintain breast cancer follow-up and surveillance during the COVID- 19 pandemic. J of Surg Oncol. 2021;123(2):371-374.
  • 16. Selim S, Balyaner İ. Türkiye’de hane halkının sahip olduğu bilişim teknolojileri ürünleri sayısını belirleyen faktörlerin araştırılması: bir sayma veri modeli investigation of the factors determining the number of information technology products owned by households: a count data model. MAKU SOBED. 2017;9(22):428-454.
  • 17. Monaghesh E, Hajizadeh A. The role of telehealth during COVID-19 outbreak: A systematic review based on current evidence. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1-9.
  • 18. Lee I, Kovarik C, Tejasvi T, Pizarro M, Lipoff JB. Telehealth: Helping your patients and practice survive and thrive during the COVID-19 crisis with rapid quality implementation. JAAD. 2020;82(5):1213-1214.
  • 19. Jordan V. Coronavirus (COVID-19): Remote care through telehealth. J Prim Health Care. 2020;12(2):184-185.
  • 20. Aslani N, Garavand A. The role of telemedicine to control COVID-19. Iran J Clin Infect Dis. 2020;15:e102949.
  • 21. Altuntaş EY. Sağlık hizmetleri uygulamalarında dijital dönüşüm. [Internet]. Eğitim Yayınevi. 2019. [Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ekim 2022]. Erişim adresi: https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=HWezDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Altunta%C5%9F+EY.+Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k+Hizmetleri+Uygulamalar%C4%B1nda+Dijital+D%C3%B6n%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCm+-+Google+Kitaplar&ots=iXyvtzzKhO&sig=lmekuvbWc0c5ppdNrugPzh4TAsE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • 22. Bilik Ö. Kalça protezi uygulanmış hastaların evde telefonla izlenmesinin iyileşmeye etkisi. [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2006.
  • 23. Valanis B, Tanner C, Moscato SR, Shapiro S, Izumi S, David M et.al. A model for examining predictors of outcomes of telephone nursing advice. J Nurs Admin. 2003;33:91-95.
  • 24. Purabdollah M, Ghasempour M. Tele-nursing new opportunity for nursing care in COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Iran J Public Health. 2020; 49(1):130-131.
  • 25. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. COVID-19 Hastalığı için Risk Grubunda Olan Kronik Hastalıklar. [Internet]. [Erişim Tarihi: 22 Haziran 2022]. Erişim adresi: https://shgm.saglik.gov.tr/TR-65809/COVID-19-hastaligi-icin-risk-grubunda-olan-kronik-hastaliklar.html
  • 26. Lakkireddy DR, Chung MK, Gopinathannair R, Patton KK, Gluckman TJ, Turagam M et.al. Guidance for cardiac electrophysiology during the COVİD - 19 pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVİD - 19 Task Force; Electrophysiology Section of the American College of Cardiology; and the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141(21):e823-e831.
  • 27. Fagherazzi G, Goetzinger C, Rashid MA, Aguayo GA, Huiart L. Digital health strategies to fight COVİD - 19 worldwide: challenges, recommendations, and a call for papers. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(6):e19284.
  • 28. Seven M, Moraitis AM. The Challenges of Cancer Care in the Time of the COVİD - 19 Pandemic. Cancer Nurs. 2020;43(5):427–428.
  • 29. Gonçalves BT, Baiocchi G. Telemedicine and cancer research during the COVİD - 19 pandemic. J Surg Oncol. 2021;123(1):359–360.
  • 30. Breslin N, Baptiste C, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Miller R, Martinez R, Bernstein K et.al. COVİD - 19 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: Two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020;2(2):1-7.
  • 31. Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu W, Zhang W et.al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVİD - 19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. The Lancet. 2020;395(10226):809-815.
  • 32. Penny AR, Bradford NK, Langbecker D. Registered nurse and midwife experiences of using videoconferencing in practice: A systematic review of qualitative studies. JCN. 2017;27(5-6):e739–752.
  • 33. Zhai Y, Zhu W, Cai Y, Sun D, Zhao J. Clinical- and cost-effectiveness of telemedicine in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2014;93(28):e312.
  • 34. Sciberras J, Camilleri LM, Cuschieri S. The burden of type 2 diabetes pre-and during the COVİD - 19 pandemic – a review. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2020;19(2):1357–1365.
  • 35. Lim ST, Yap F, Chin X. Bridging the needs of adolescent diabetes care during COVID-19: a nurse-led telehealth ınitiative. J Adolesc Health. 2020;67(4):615–617.
  • 36. Neubeck L, Hansen T, Jaarsma T, Klompstra L, Gallagher R. Delivering healthcare remotely to cardiovascular patients during COVİD - 19: A rapid review of the evidence. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2020;19(6):486–494.
  • 37. Koçak Z. COVİD - 19 pandemisinde telesağlık uygulamaları Editör: Çakmak HD. COVİD - 19 pandemisinde kardiyovasküler hastalıklı hasta sağlığı ve tele sağlık uygulamaları. 2020;83-89.
  • 38. Akdur A, Karakaya E, Ayvazoğlu Soy EH, Alshalabi O, Kirnap M, Arslan H et.al. Coronavirus Disease (COVİD - 19) in Kidney and Liver Transplant Patients: A Single-Center Experience. Exp Clin Transplant. 2020;18(3):270-274.
  • 39. Fung M, Babik JM. COVİD - 19 in Immunocompromised Hosts: What We Know So Far. CID. 2021;72(2):340-350.
  • 40. Rodrigo E, Minambres E, Gutiérrez‐Baños JL, Valero R, Belmar L, Ruiz JC. COVİD - 19–related collapse of transplantation systems: A heterogeneous recovery? Am J Transplant. 2020;20(11):3265–3266.
  • 41. Costa AP, de Andrade ZB, Huf ACR, Souza AEFC, Bertoncello KCG, de Jesus SC et. al. Nursing Technologies in Brazil: A Review. J Nurs Health Sci. 2020;6(2):30-40.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hemşirelik
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Nurgül Arpag 0000-0002-7774-3844

Hamdiye Banu Katran 0000-0001-5095-6316

Sevgi Gür 0000-0002-6925-3351

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Arpag N, Katran HB, Gür S. COVID-19 Pandemisinde riskli gruplarda tele-tıp ve tele–hemşirelik. THDD. 2022;3(2):127-35.