Gebelikte Hiperglisemisi Olan Kadınlarda Anksiyete ve Depresyon Düzeyleri: Normoglisemik Kadınlarla Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma
Abstract
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı gebelikte hiperglisemisi olan kadınların anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerini incelemek ve benzer gebelik haftalarındaki normoglisemik kadınlarla karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 32-34 haftalarındaki Diabetik gebeler (Pregestasyonel diyabetes mellitus, gestasyonel diyabetes mellitus) ile benzer gebelik haftalarındaki normoglisemik gebeler anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon ölçeği ile değerlendirildiler.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda diyabetin fetal komplikasyonları olan large for gestational age (p: 0.04) ve polihidroamniyos (p:0.03) gelişen olgularda anksiyete semptomları anlamlı olarak daha az saptandı. Diyabet grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında anksiyete ve depresyon semptomları açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı
Sonuç: Kötü kontrollü diabetin sonucu olan polihidramniyos ve large for gestational age olgularda anksiyete semptomlarının anlamlı olarak az bulunması hipergliseminin anksiyete üzerinde etkisinin olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
References
- Egan AM, Dunne FP, Lydon K, Conneely S, Sarma K, McGuire BE. Diabetes in pregnancy: worse medical outcomes in type 1 diabetes but worse psychological outcomes in gestational diabetes. QJM. 2017;110(11):721-27.
- Hod M, Kapur A, Sacks DA, et al. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Initiative on gestational diabetes mellitus: A pragmatic guide for diagnosis, management, and care. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;131 Suppl 3:S173-11.
- Nouwen A, Winkley K, Twisk J, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for the onset of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2010;53(12):2480-86.
- Rotella F, Mannucci E. Depression as a risk factor for diabetes: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(1):31-7.
- International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel, Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, et al. International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(3):676-82.
- Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiaty Scand 1983; 67:361-70.
- Aydemir Ö, Güvenir T, Küey L, Kültür S. Hastane anksiyete ve depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 1997;8:280-87.
- Byrn M, Penckofer S. The relationship between gestational diabetes and antenatal depression. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2015;44(2):246-55.
- Chazotte C, Freda MC, Elovitz M, Youchah J. Maternal depressive symptoms and maternal–fetal attachment in gestational diabetes. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 1995; 4(4): 375- 80
- Mautner E, Greimel E, Trutnovsky G, Daghofer F, Egger JW, Lang U. Quality of life outcomes in pregnancy and postpartum complicated by hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;30(4):231-37.
- Katon JG, Russo J, Gavin AR, Melville JL, Katon WJ. Diabetes and depression in pregnancy: is there an association?. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011;20(7):983-89.
- Lee KW, Ching SM, Devaraj NK, et al. Diabetes in Pregnancy and Risk of Antepartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):3767.
- Marquesim NA, Cavassini AC, Morceli G, et al. Depression and anxiety in pregnant women with diabetes or mild hyperglycemia. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016;293(4):833-37.
- Li H, Yu X, Qiang W, et al. A longitudinal cohort study of gestational diabetes mellitus and perinatal depression. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):337.
- Ravid E, Salzer L, Arnon L, et al. Is there an association between maternal anxiety propensity and pregnancy outcomes?. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):287.
- OuYang H, Chen B, Abdulrahman AM, Li L, Wu N. Associations between Gestational Diabetes and Anxiety or Depression: A Systematic Review. J Diabetes Res. 2021;2021:9959779.
- Kc K, Shakya S, Zhang H. Gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia: a literature review. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66 Suppl 2:14-20.
- HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group, Metzger BE, Lowe LP, et al. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(19):1991-2002.
- Vink JY, Poggi SH, Ghidini A, Spong CY. Amniotic fluid index and birth weight: is there a relationship in diabetics with poor glycemic control?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(3):848-50.
- Anderson RJ, Grigsby AB, Freedland KE, et al. Anxiety and poor glycemic control: a meta-analytic review of the literature. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2002;32(3):235-47.
- Ahmed M, Amin F, Taj A, Durrani N. Antenatal anxiety and depression: Frequency and correlates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6407-15.
Anxiety and Depression Levels in Women with Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy: A Comparative Study with Normoglycemic Women
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the anxiety and depression levels of women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy and to compare them with normoglycemic women at similar gestational weeks.
Materials and Methods: Diabetic pregnant women (pregestational diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus) at 32-34 weeks and normoglycemic pregnant women at similar gestational weeks were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to determine anxiety and depression levels.
Results: In our study patients with fetal complications associated with poorly controlled diabetes, such as large for gestational age (p: 0.04) and polyhydramnios (p: 0.03), exhibited significantly lower levels of anxiety symptoms. No significant difference was found between the diabetes group and the control group in terms of anxiety and depression symptoms
Conclusion: The fact that anxiety symptoms were significantly less in polyhydramnios and large for gestational age patients, which are the result of poorly controlled diabetes, suggests that hyperglycemia may have an impact on anxiety levels.
References
- Egan AM, Dunne FP, Lydon K, Conneely S, Sarma K, McGuire BE. Diabetes in pregnancy: worse medical outcomes in type 1 diabetes but worse psychological outcomes in gestational diabetes. QJM. 2017;110(11):721-27.
- Hod M, Kapur A, Sacks DA, et al. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Initiative on gestational diabetes mellitus: A pragmatic guide for diagnosis, management, and care. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;131 Suppl 3:S173-11.
- Nouwen A, Winkley K, Twisk J, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for the onset of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2010;53(12):2480-86.
- Rotella F, Mannucci E. Depression as a risk factor for diabetes: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(1):31-7.
- International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel, Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, et al. International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(3):676-82.
- Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiaty Scand 1983; 67:361-70.
- Aydemir Ö, Güvenir T, Küey L, Kültür S. Hastane anksiyete ve depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 1997;8:280-87.
- Byrn M, Penckofer S. The relationship between gestational diabetes and antenatal depression. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2015;44(2):246-55.
- Chazotte C, Freda MC, Elovitz M, Youchah J. Maternal depressive symptoms and maternal–fetal attachment in gestational diabetes. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 1995; 4(4): 375- 80
- Mautner E, Greimel E, Trutnovsky G, Daghofer F, Egger JW, Lang U. Quality of life outcomes in pregnancy and postpartum complicated by hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;30(4):231-37.
- Katon JG, Russo J, Gavin AR, Melville JL, Katon WJ. Diabetes and depression in pregnancy: is there an association?. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011;20(7):983-89.
- Lee KW, Ching SM, Devaraj NK, et al. Diabetes in Pregnancy and Risk of Antepartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):3767.
- Marquesim NA, Cavassini AC, Morceli G, et al. Depression and anxiety in pregnant women with diabetes or mild hyperglycemia. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016;293(4):833-37.
- Li H, Yu X, Qiang W, et al. A longitudinal cohort study of gestational diabetes mellitus and perinatal depression. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):337.
- Ravid E, Salzer L, Arnon L, et al. Is there an association between maternal anxiety propensity and pregnancy outcomes?. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):287.
- OuYang H, Chen B, Abdulrahman AM, Li L, Wu N. Associations between Gestational Diabetes and Anxiety or Depression: A Systematic Review. J Diabetes Res. 2021;2021:9959779.
- Kc K, Shakya S, Zhang H. Gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia: a literature review. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66 Suppl 2:14-20.
- HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group, Metzger BE, Lowe LP, et al. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(19):1991-2002.
- Vink JY, Poggi SH, Ghidini A, Spong CY. Amniotic fluid index and birth weight: is there a relationship in diabetics with poor glycemic control?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(3):848-50.
- Anderson RJ, Grigsby AB, Freedland KE, et al. Anxiety and poor glycemic control: a meta-analytic review of the literature. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2002;32(3):235-47.
- Ahmed M, Amin F, Taj A, Durrani N. Antenatal anxiety and depression: Frequency and correlates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6407-15.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Obstetrics and Gynaecology |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 9, 2024 |
| Submission Date | March 18, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | May 24, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 |