Abstract
Aim: Although an increasing number of women in developed societies prefer genital plastic surgeries, the most common procedure is considered to be labiaplasty. The aim of this study is to reveal the social and clinical factors that cause the decision to operate in women undergoing labiaplasty.
Materials and Methods: In our study, 189 patients who had labia minora reduction surgery in our hospital between April 2018 - 2023 were evaluated retrospectively. The social and clinical factors that caused all patients included in the study to request surgery from the hospital database from their patient files were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: Patients participating in the study; Patients who underwent surgery for aesthetic reasons, aesthetic + functional reasons and psychological reasons were evaluated in 3 separate groups, and no significant difference was found in the average age between the groups (p=0.914). In our study, among the patients without a history of coitus, 16 (88.9%) patients were operated for individual reasons and 2 (11.1%) patients were operated for environmental reasons. The rate of operations performed for individual reasons in patients without a history of coitus was found to be significantly higher than the rate of operations performed for environmental reasons (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Women who undergo surgical intervention do not always do so for personal reasons. Therefore, it is necessary to make a comprehensive evaluation before considering labiaplasty surgery. A clear understanding of labiaplasty patients' motivations and expectations will facilitate better patient decision-making and increase the patient's likelihood of satisfaction with the result.
References
- Cosmetic Surgery National Data Bank Statistics. Aesthet Surg J. 2015;35(Suppl 2):1-24.
- Crouch NS, Deans R, Michala L, Liao LM, Creighton SM. Clinical characteristics of well women seeking labial reduc tion surgery: A prospective study. BJOG. 2011;118:1507-1510.
- Kelishadi SS, Elston JB, Rao AJ, Tutela JP, Mizuguchi NN. Posterior wedge resection: A more aesthetic labia plasty. Aesthet Surg J. 2013;33:847-853
- Veale D, Eshkevari E, Ellison N, et al. Psychological characteristics and motivations of women seeking labiaplasty. Psychol Med. 2014;44:555-566.
- Rouzier R, Louis-Sylvestre C, Paniel BJ, Haddad B. Hypertrophy of labia minora: Experience with 163 reduc tions. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182:35-40.
- Rogers RG. Most women who undergo labiaplasty have normal anatomy; We should not perform labiaplasty. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211:218-218 e211.
- Solanki NS, Tejero-Trujeque R, Stevens-King A, Malata CM. Aesthetic and functional reduction of the labia minora using the Maas and Hage technique. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010;63:1181-1185.
- Mayer HF, de Elizalde ML, Duh N, Loustau HD. Bidimensional labia minora reduction. Eur J Plast Surg. 2011;34:345-350.
- Iglesia CB, Yurteri-Kaplan L, Alinsod R. Female genital cosmetic surgery: A review of techniques and outcomes. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24:1997-2009.
- Veale D,Eshkevari E, Ellison N, et al. A comparison of risk factors for women seeking labiaplasty compared to those not seeking labiaplasty. Body Image. 2014;11:57-62.
- Veale D, Naismith I, Eshkevari E, et al. Psychosexual outcome after labiaplasty: a prospective case-comparison study. Int Urogynecol J. 2014;25:831-839.
- Herbenick, D., et al., 2011. The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS): results from a nationally representative probability sample of women in the United States. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8 (1), 158–166.
- Sharp, G., Tiggemann, M. and Mattiske, J., 2016. Factors that influence the decision to undergo labiaplasty: media, relationships, and psychological well-being. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 36 (4), 469–478.
- Bramwell, R., Morland, C. and Garden, A. S., 2007. Expectations and experience of labial reduction: a qualitative study. BJOG, 114 (12), 1493–1499.
- Ackard, D. M., Kearney-Cooke, A. and Peterson, C. B., 2000. Effect of body image and self-image on women’s sexual behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28 (4), 422–429.
- Koning M, Zeijlmans IA, Bouman TK, van der Lei B. Female attitudes regarding labia minora appearance and reduction with consideration of media influence. Aesthet Surg J. 2009;29:65-71
- Sharp G, Tiggemann M, Mattiske J. Predictors of consideration of labiaplasty: An extension of the Tripartite Influence Model of Beauty Ideals. Psychol Women Quart. 2015;39:182-193.
- Markey, C. N. and Markey, P. M., 2009. Correlates of young Women’s interest in obtaining cosmetic surgery. Sex Roles, 61 (3-4), 158–166.
- Lowenstein, L., et al., 2014. Physicians’ attitude toward female genital plastic surgery: a multinational survey. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 11 (1), 33–39.
- Hamori CA. Aesthetic surgery of the female genitalia: Labiaplasty and beyond. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014; 134:661-673.
- Gimlin D. Cosmetic surgery: Beauty as commodity. Qual Sociol. 2000;23:77-98.
- Harding T, Hayes J, Simonis M, Temple-Smith M. Female genital cosmetic surgery: Investigating the role of thegeneral practitioner. Aust Fam Physician. 2015;44:822-825
- Goodman MP, Placik OJ, Benson RH III., et al. A large multicenter outcome study of female genital plastic surgery. J Sex Med. 2010;7:1565-1577.
- Oranges CM, Sisti A, Sisti G. Labia minora reduction techniques: A comprehensive literature review. Aesthet Surg J. 2015;35:419-431.
- Klassen AF, Pusic AL, Scott A, Klok J, Cano SJ. Satisfaction and quality of life in women who undergo breast surgery: A qualitative study. BMC Womens Health. 2009;9:11.
- Klassen AF, Cano SJ, Scott A, Johnson J, Pusic AL. Satisfaction and quality-of-life issues in body contouring surgery patients: A qualitative study. Obes Surg. 2012; 22:1527-1534.
- Crerand CE, Phillips KA, Menard W, Fay C.Nonpsychiatric medical treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics. 2005;46:549-555.
- Crerand CE, Infield AL, Sarwer DB. Psychological considerations in cosmetic breast augmentation. Plast Surg Nurs. 2007;27:146-154.
Abstract
Amaç: Gelişmiş toplumlarda giderek artan sayıda kadın, genital estetik ameliyatları tercih etmekle birlikte en yaygın olan prosedür labioplasti olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı labioplasti operasyonu geçiren kadınlarda operasyon kararına neden olan sosyal ve klinik faktörleri ortaya koymaktır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmamızda Nisan 2018 - 2023 döneminde hastanemizde labia minör küçültme ameliyatı olan 189 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Araştırmaya dahil edilen tüm hastaların hasta dosyalarından hastane veritabanından ameliyatı talep etmelerine neden olan sosyal ve klinik faktörler retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hastalar; estetik nedenler, estetik + işlevsel nedenler ve psikolojik nedenlerle ameliyat olan hastalar olarak 3 ayrı grupta değerlendirilmiş olup, gruplar arasında yaş ortalaması olarak anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p=0.914). Çalışmamızda koitus öyküsü olmayan hastalardan 16 (%88.9) hasta bireysel nedenler, 2 (%11.1) hasta çevresel nedenlerden dolayı opere olmuştur. Koitus öyküsü olmayan hastalarda bireysel nedenlerle yapılan operasyon oranı, çevresel nedenlerle yapılan operasyon oranına göre anlamlı yüksek saptanmıştır (p<0.001)
Sonuç: Cerrahi müdahale geçiren kadınlar bunu her zaman kişisel nedenlerden dolayı yapmamaktadır. Bu nedenle labioplasti operasyonunu düşünmeden önce kapsamlı bir değerlendirme yapmak gerekir. Labioplasti hastalarının motivasyonlarının ve beklentilerinin net olarak anlaşılması, hastanın daha iyi karar vermesini kolaylaştıracak ve hastanın sonuçtan memnuniyet olasılığını arttıracaktır.
References
- Cosmetic Surgery National Data Bank Statistics. Aesthet Surg J. 2015;35(Suppl 2):1-24.
- Crouch NS, Deans R, Michala L, Liao LM, Creighton SM. Clinical characteristics of well women seeking labial reduc tion surgery: A prospective study. BJOG. 2011;118:1507-1510.
- Kelishadi SS, Elston JB, Rao AJ, Tutela JP, Mizuguchi NN. Posterior wedge resection: A more aesthetic labia plasty. Aesthet Surg J. 2013;33:847-853
- Veale D, Eshkevari E, Ellison N, et al. Psychological characteristics and motivations of women seeking labiaplasty. Psychol Med. 2014;44:555-566.
- Rouzier R, Louis-Sylvestre C, Paniel BJ, Haddad B. Hypertrophy of labia minora: Experience with 163 reduc tions. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182:35-40.
- Rogers RG. Most women who undergo labiaplasty have normal anatomy; We should not perform labiaplasty. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211:218-218 e211.
- Solanki NS, Tejero-Trujeque R, Stevens-King A, Malata CM. Aesthetic and functional reduction of the labia minora using the Maas and Hage technique. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010;63:1181-1185.
- Mayer HF, de Elizalde ML, Duh N, Loustau HD. Bidimensional labia minora reduction. Eur J Plast Surg. 2011;34:345-350.
- Iglesia CB, Yurteri-Kaplan L, Alinsod R. Female genital cosmetic surgery: A review of techniques and outcomes. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24:1997-2009.
- Veale D,Eshkevari E, Ellison N, et al. A comparison of risk factors for women seeking labiaplasty compared to those not seeking labiaplasty. Body Image. 2014;11:57-62.
- Veale D, Naismith I, Eshkevari E, et al. Psychosexual outcome after labiaplasty: a prospective case-comparison study. Int Urogynecol J. 2014;25:831-839.
- Herbenick, D., et al., 2011. The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS): results from a nationally representative probability sample of women in the United States. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8 (1), 158–166.
- Sharp, G., Tiggemann, M. and Mattiske, J., 2016. Factors that influence the decision to undergo labiaplasty: media, relationships, and psychological well-being. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 36 (4), 469–478.
- Bramwell, R., Morland, C. and Garden, A. S., 2007. Expectations and experience of labial reduction: a qualitative study. BJOG, 114 (12), 1493–1499.
- Ackard, D. M., Kearney-Cooke, A. and Peterson, C. B., 2000. Effect of body image and self-image on women’s sexual behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28 (4), 422–429.
- Koning M, Zeijlmans IA, Bouman TK, van der Lei B. Female attitudes regarding labia minora appearance and reduction with consideration of media influence. Aesthet Surg J. 2009;29:65-71
- Sharp G, Tiggemann M, Mattiske J. Predictors of consideration of labiaplasty: An extension of the Tripartite Influence Model of Beauty Ideals. Psychol Women Quart. 2015;39:182-193.
- Markey, C. N. and Markey, P. M., 2009. Correlates of young Women’s interest in obtaining cosmetic surgery. Sex Roles, 61 (3-4), 158–166.
- Lowenstein, L., et al., 2014. Physicians’ attitude toward female genital plastic surgery: a multinational survey. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 11 (1), 33–39.
- Hamori CA. Aesthetic surgery of the female genitalia: Labiaplasty and beyond. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014; 134:661-673.
- Gimlin D. Cosmetic surgery: Beauty as commodity. Qual Sociol. 2000;23:77-98.
- Harding T, Hayes J, Simonis M, Temple-Smith M. Female genital cosmetic surgery: Investigating the role of thegeneral practitioner. Aust Fam Physician. 2015;44:822-825
- Goodman MP, Placik OJ, Benson RH III., et al. A large multicenter outcome study of female genital plastic surgery. J Sex Med. 2010;7:1565-1577.
- Oranges CM, Sisti A, Sisti G. Labia minora reduction techniques: A comprehensive literature review. Aesthet Surg J. 2015;35:419-431.
- Klassen AF, Pusic AL, Scott A, Klok J, Cano SJ. Satisfaction and quality of life in women who undergo breast surgery: A qualitative study. BMC Womens Health. 2009;9:11.
- Klassen AF, Cano SJ, Scott A, Johnson J, Pusic AL. Satisfaction and quality-of-life issues in body contouring surgery patients: A qualitative study. Obes Surg. 2012; 22:1527-1534.
- Crerand CE, Phillips KA, Menard W, Fay C.Nonpsychiatric medical treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics. 2005;46:549-555.
- Crerand CE, Infield AL, Sarwer DB. Psychological considerations in cosmetic breast augmentation. Plast Surg Nurs. 2007;27:146-154.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Obstetrics and Gynaecology |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 9, 2024 |
| Submission Date | July 1, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | September 25, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 |