Investigation of ERG and PTEN expressions in benign, precursor and malignant epithelial proliferations of prostate and clinicopathological correlation of findings
Öz
Aim: Prostate cancer is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous cancer type with different clinical course and a wide range of treatments. Especially "prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia" (PIN), "atypical intraductal proliferation" (AIP) and "intraductal carcinoma" (IDC) are diagnoses that create difficulty in differential diagnosis in terms of having similar morphological features, and they are entities with different patient treatment and follow-up. In our study, we aimed to determine the expression levels of ERG and PTEN in these lesions and to investigate the prognostic and diagnostic value of these biomarkers.
Materials and Methods: Eighty seven cases diagnosed as “Adenocarcinoma” in radical prostatectomy or needle biopsy materials in the Department of Medical Pathology of EUTF in 2011-2012 were included in the study. Histopathologically, areas containing AIP, IDC and PIN were determined. ERG and PTEN expressions were evaluated in these areas immunohistochemically.
Results: IDC was determined in 6 of the cases, AIP in 29 and PIN in 52 cases. IDC and AIP were more common in tumors with DG 3 and above. Prostate carcinomas accompanied by IDC and AIP had a shorter survival time (p=0.043). In tumors containing IDC and AIP, ERG and PTEN status were consistent with the invasive component. In addition, ERG was positive in all IDC areas. Heterogeneous staining was observed with PTEN, and PTEN was more negative in the areas of invasive carcinoma and IDC (p=0.63). Although ERG positivity and PTEN negativity were not statistically significant, it was noted that they supported the diagnosis of AIP.
Conclusion: Especially in intraductal lesions that cause differential diagnosis, ERG positivity and PTEN negativity should not be ignored in biopsies that may accompany clinically important prostate carcinoma, and the patient should be followed up with treatment accordingly.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Atypical intraductal proliferation intraductal carcinoma of the prostate prostate adenocarcinoma
Kaynakça
- Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Kanser Daire BaĢkanlığı http://kanser.gov.tr/mobile/kanser/kanser-turleri/52-prostat-kanseri.html
- Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61: 69-90.
- Siegel R, Ma J, Zou Z and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin 64: 9-29, 2014.
- Yakupoğlu YK, Bostancı Y, Özden E, Prostat Kanserinde PSA DıĢı Tümör Belirteçleri, Üroonkoloji Bülteni.2012 (2): 96-102.
- Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 2009; 59: 225-49
- Tefekli AH, Prostat Kanserinde Yeni Belirteçler ve Phi Skoru, Türk Üroloji Seminerleri 2012; 3: 61-69
- Bjartell A, Montironi R, Berney DM, Egevad L. Tumour markers in prostate cancer II: Diagnostic and prognostic cellular biomarkers, Acta Oncologica 2011; 50: 76-84.
- Noh BJ, Sung JY, Kim YW, Chang SG, Park YK: Prognostic value of ERG, PTEN, CRISP3 and SPINK1 in predicting biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer, Oncology Letters 11 (2016), s:3621-30.
- Güncel Durum Değerlendirilmesi, Üroonkoloji Bülteni 2015; 14, s: 102-7.
- Krohn A, Diedler T, Burkhardt L, Mayer PS, De Silva C, Kornblum MM et al. Genomic Deletion of PTEN Is Associated with Tumor Progression and Early PSA Recurrence in ERG Fusion-Positive and Fusion-Negative Prostate Cancer, American Journal of Pathology. 2012, 181; (2): 401-12.
- Tomlins SA, Rhodes DR, Perner S, et al. Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer. Science 2005; 310, s: 644-8.
- King JC, Xu J, Wongvipat J, Hieronymus H, Carver BS, Leung DH, et al. Cooperativity of TMPRSS2-ERG with PI3-kinase pathway activation in prostate oncogenesis. Nat Genet. 2009; 41: 524–6.
- Shah RB, Yoon J, Liu G, Tian W. Atypical intraductal proliferation and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on core needle biopsy: a comparative clinicopathological and molecular study with a proposal to expand the morphological spectrum of intraductal carcinoma. Histopathology. 2017 Nov; 71 (5): 693-702.
- Hickman RA, Yu H, Li J, Kong M, Shah RB, Zhou M, Melamed J, Deng FM. Atypical Intraductal Cribriform Proliferations of the Prostate Exhibit Similar Molecular and Clinicopathologic Characteristics as Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate. Am J Surg Pathol. 2017 Apr; 41 (4): 550-6.
- Russell DH, Epstein JI. Intraductal Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate With Cribriform or Papillary Ductal Morphology: Rare Biopsy Cases Lacking Associated Invasive High-grade Carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2021 Oct 7. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001819.
- Shah RB, Nguyen JK, Przybycin CG, Reynolds JP, Cox R, Myles J, Klein E, McKenney JK. Atypical intraductal proliferation detected in prostate needle biopsy is a marker of unsampled intraductal carcinoma and other adverse pathological features: a prospective clinicopathological study of 62 cases with emphasis on pathological outcomes. Histopathology. 2019 Sep; 75 (3): 346-53.
- Shah RB, Zhou M. Atypical cribriform lesions of the prostate: clinical significance, differential diagnosis and current concept of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. Adv Anat Pathol. 2012 Jul;19(4):270-8.
- Baydar, D.E., Özen, H., SaraçbaĢı, O., Karabulut, E., PTEN Expression in Primary Prostate Carcinoma in Turkish Patients, Turk J Med Sci, 2008, 38 (5), s:387-97.
- McMenamin, M.E., Soung, P., Perera, S., Kaplan, I., Loda, M., Sellers, W.R., Loss of PTEN expression in paraffin-embedded primary prostate cancer correlates with high Gleason score and advanced stage, Cancer Res., 1999; 59, 4291–6.
- Mithal P, Allott E, Gerber L et al. PTEN loss in biopsy tissue predicts poor clinical outcomes in prostate cancer. Int J Urol. 2014, 21(12):1209-14.doi: 10.1111/iju.12571.
- Lotan TL, Carvalho FL, Peskoe SB et al PTEN loss is associated with upgrading of prostate cancer from biopsy to radical prostatectomy. Mod Pathol. 2015 Jan; 28 (1): 128-37.
- Carlos L. Morais, Liana B. Guedes, Jessica Hicks, Alexander S. Baras, Angelo M. De Marzo, Tamara L. Lotan. ERG and PTEN Status of Isolated High Grade PIN Occurring in Cystoprostatectomy Specimens Without Invasive Prostatic Adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol.2016; 55: 117–25.
- Perner S, Demichelis F, Beroukhim R, et al. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion associated deletions provide insight into the heterogeneity of prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2006; (66): 8337-41.
- Gopalan A, Leversha MA, Satagopan JM, et al. TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion is not associated with outcome in patients treated by prostatectomy. Cancer Res 2009;69, s:1400-6.
- Shah RB, Bentley J, Jeffrey Z, Demarzo AM Heterogeneity of PTEN and ERG expression in prostate cancer on core needle biopsies: implications for cancer risk stratification and biomarker sampling. Hum Pathol.2015; 46 (5): 698–706.
- Ahearn TU, Pettersson A, Ebot EM, et al. A prospective investigation of PTEN loss and ERG expression in lethal prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108: 1–9.
- Cuzick J,Yang ZH, Fisher G et al Prognostic value of PTEN loss in men with conservatively managed localised prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108 (12): 2582–9.
- Tosoian JJ, Almutairi F, Morais CL, Glavaris S, Hicks J, Sundi D, Humphreys E, Han M, De Marzo AM, Ross AE, Tomlins SA, Schaeffer EM, Trock BJ, Lotan TL, Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of PTEN Loss in African-American and European-American Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy, European Urology 2017; 71: 697–700.
- McNeal JE, Bostwick DG. Intraductal dysplasia: a premalignant lesion of the prostate. Hum Pathol. 1986 Jan;17(1):64-71.
- McNeal JE, Reese JH, Redwine EA, Freiha FS, Stamey TA. Cribriform adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Cancer. 1986 Oct 15; 58 (8): 1714-9.
- McNeal JE, Yemoto CE. Spread of adenocarcinoma within prostatic ducts and acini. morphologic and clinical correlations. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996; 20: 802–14.
- Cohen RJ, Wheeler TM, Bonkhoff H, Rubin MA. A proposal on the identification, histologic reporting, and implications of intraductal prostatic carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007; 131:1103–9.
- Cohen RJ, McNeal JE, Baillie T. Patterns of differentiation and proliferation in intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: significance for cancer progression. Prostate. 2000 Apr 1; 43 (1): 11-9.
- Guo CC, Epstein JI. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy: Histologic features and clinical significance. Mod Pathol. 2006; 19: 1528–35.
- Han B, Suleman K, Wang L, Siddiqui J, Sercia L, Magi-Galluzzi C, et al. ETS gene aberrations in atypical cribriform lesions of the prostate: Implications for the distinction between intraductal carcinoma of the prostate and cribriform high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010; 34: 478–85.
- Lotan TL, Gurel B, Sutcliffe S, Esopi D, Liu W, Xu J, Hicks JL,et al. PTEN protein loss by immunostaining: Analytic validation and prognostic indicator for a high risk surgical cohort of prostate cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2011; 17: 6563–73.
- Chaux A, Albadine R, Toubaji A, Hicks J, Meeker A, Platz EA, De Marzo AM, Netto GJ. Immunohistochemistry for ERG expression as a surrogate for TMPRSS2-ERG fusion detection in prostatic adenocarcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011; 35: 1014–20.
- Dawkins HJ, Sellner LN, Turbett GR, Thompson CA, Redmond SL, McNeal JE, Cohen RJ. Distinction between intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), high-grade dysplasia (PIN), and invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma, using molecular markers of cancer progression. Prostate. 2000; 44: 265–70.
- Bettendorf O, Schmidt H, Staebler A, Grobholz R, Heinecke A, Boecker W, Hertle L, Semjonow A. Chromosomal imbalances, loss of heterozygosity, and immunohistochemical expression of TP53, RB1, and PTEN in intraductal cancer, intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2008; 47: 565–72.
- Zhou E, Zhang B, Zhu K, Schaafsma E, Kumar RD, Cheng C. A TMPRSS2-ERG gene signature predicts prognosis of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Med. 2020 Dec;10(8): e216. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.216
- Albuquerque CGP, Morais CL, Carvalho FLF, Peskoe SB, Hicks JL, Ludkovski O, et al. In prostate cancer needle biopsies, detections of PTEN loss by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) are concordant and show consistent association with upgrading, Virchows Arch. 2016; 468:607–17.
- Lotan TL, Gumuskaya B, Rahimi H, Hicks JL, Iwata T, Robinson BD, Epstein JI, De Marzo AM. Cytoplasmic PTEN protein loss distinguishes intraductal carcinoma of the prostate from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Mod Pathol. 2013; 26: 587–603.
- Morais CL, Han JS, Gordetsky J, Nagar MS, Anderson AE, Lee S et al. Utility of PTEN and ERG immunostaining for distinguishing high-grade PIN from intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015; 39 (2): 169-78.
- Mosquera JM, Perner S, Genega EM, Sanda M, Hofer MD, Mertz KD, et al Characterization of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and potential clinical implications. Clin Cancer Res. 2008; 14: 3380–5.
- Zhang S, Pavlovitz B, Tull J, Wang Y, Deng FM, Fuller C. Detection of TMPRSS2 gene deletions and translocations in carcinoma, intraepithelial neoplasia, and normal epithelium of the prostate by direct fluorescence in situ hybridization. Diagn Mol Pathol. 2010; 19: 151–6.
- Park K, Dalton JT, Narayanan R, Barbieri CE, Hancock ML, Bostwick DG, Steiner MS, Rubin MA. TMPRSS2: ERG gene fusion predicts subsequent detection of prostate cancer in patients with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. J Clin Oncol. 2014; 32: 206–11.
Prostatın benign, prekürsör ve malign epitelyal proliferasyonlarında ERG ile PTEN ekspresyonlarının araştırılması ve bulguların klinikopatolojik korelasyonu
Öz
Amaç: Prostat kanseri farklı klinik gidişata ve geniş bir tedavi yelpazesine sahip, klinik ve moleküler olarak oldukça heterojen bir kanser türüdür. Özellikle “prostatik intraepitelyal neoplazi” (PİN), “atipik intraduktal proliferasyon” (AİP) ve “intraduktal karsinom” (İDK) benzer morfolojik özelliklere sahip olması açısından ayırıcı tanı zorluğu yaratan tanılar olup, hasta tedavi ve takibi de farklı olan antitelerdir. Çalışmamızda bu lezyonlarda ERG ve PTEN ekspresyon düzeylerini belirlemeyi ve bu biyobelirteçlerin prognostik ve diagnostik değerini araştırmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: EÜTF Tıbbi Patoloji Anabilim Dalında 2011-2012 yılında radikal prostatektomi veya iğne biyopsi materyallerinde “Adenokarsinom” tanısı almış 87 olgu çalışmaya alındı. Histopatolojik olarak AİP, İDK ve PİN içeren alanlar belirlendi. immunohistokimyasal olarak bu alanlarda ERG ve PTEN ekspresyonları değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Olguların 6’sında İDK, 29’unda AİP ve 52’sinde PİN belirlendi. İDK AİP, DG 3 ve üstünde olan tümörlerde daha fazla görüldü. İDK ve AİP in eşlik ettiği prostat karsinomlarının sağ kalım süresi daha kısaydı (p=0.043). İDK ve AİP içeren tümörlerde ERG ve PTEN durumu invaziv komponentle uyum içindeydi. Ayrıca tüm İDK alanlarında ERG pozitifti. PTEN ile heterojen boyanma görülmüş olup, PTEN’in invaziv karsinom ve İDK alanlarında negatifliği daha fazlaydı (p=0,63).
ERG pozitifliği ve PTEN negatifliği istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmamakla birlikte AİP tanısını desteklediği dikkati çekti.
Sonuç: Özellikle ayırıcı tanı sorunu yaratan intraduktal lezyonlarda ERG pozitifliği ve PTEN negatifliği klinik öneme sahip prostat karsinomuna eşlik edebileceği için özellikle biyopsilerde gözardı edilmemeli ve hasta tedavi ile takibi buna göre yapılmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Atipik intraduktal proliferasyon ERG prostatın intraduktal karsinomu prostat adenokarsinomu PTEN.
Kaynakça
- Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Kanser Daire BaĢkanlığı http://kanser.gov.tr/mobile/kanser/kanser-turleri/52-prostat-kanseri.html
- Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61: 69-90.
- Siegel R, Ma J, Zou Z and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin 64: 9-29, 2014.
- Yakupoğlu YK, Bostancı Y, Özden E, Prostat Kanserinde PSA DıĢı Tümör Belirteçleri, Üroonkoloji Bülteni.2012 (2): 96-102.
- Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 2009; 59: 225-49
- Tefekli AH, Prostat Kanserinde Yeni Belirteçler ve Phi Skoru, Türk Üroloji Seminerleri 2012; 3: 61-69
- Bjartell A, Montironi R, Berney DM, Egevad L. Tumour markers in prostate cancer II: Diagnostic and prognostic cellular biomarkers, Acta Oncologica 2011; 50: 76-84.
- Noh BJ, Sung JY, Kim YW, Chang SG, Park YK: Prognostic value of ERG, PTEN, CRISP3 and SPINK1 in predicting biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer, Oncology Letters 11 (2016), s:3621-30.
- Güncel Durum Değerlendirilmesi, Üroonkoloji Bülteni 2015; 14, s: 102-7.
- Krohn A, Diedler T, Burkhardt L, Mayer PS, De Silva C, Kornblum MM et al. Genomic Deletion of PTEN Is Associated with Tumor Progression and Early PSA Recurrence in ERG Fusion-Positive and Fusion-Negative Prostate Cancer, American Journal of Pathology. 2012, 181; (2): 401-12.
- Tomlins SA, Rhodes DR, Perner S, et al. Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer. Science 2005; 310, s: 644-8.
- King JC, Xu J, Wongvipat J, Hieronymus H, Carver BS, Leung DH, et al. Cooperativity of TMPRSS2-ERG with PI3-kinase pathway activation in prostate oncogenesis. Nat Genet. 2009; 41: 524–6.
- Shah RB, Yoon J, Liu G, Tian W. Atypical intraductal proliferation and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on core needle biopsy: a comparative clinicopathological and molecular study with a proposal to expand the morphological spectrum of intraductal carcinoma. Histopathology. 2017 Nov; 71 (5): 693-702.
- Hickman RA, Yu H, Li J, Kong M, Shah RB, Zhou M, Melamed J, Deng FM. Atypical Intraductal Cribriform Proliferations of the Prostate Exhibit Similar Molecular and Clinicopathologic Characteristics as Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate. Am J Surg Pathol. 2017 Apr; 41 (4): 550-6.
- Russell DH, Epstein JI. Intraductal Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate With Cribriform or Papillary Ductal Morphology: Rare Biopsy Cases Lacking Associated Invasive High-grade Carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2021 Oct 7. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001819.
- Shah RB, Nguyen JK, Przybycin CG, Reynolds JP, Cox R, Myles J, Klein E, McKenney JK. Atypical intraductal proliferation detected in prostate needle biopsy is a marker of unsampled intraductal carcinoma and other adverse pathological features: a prospective clinicopathological study of 62 cases with emphasis on pathological outcomes. Histopathology. 2019 Sep; 75 (3): 346-53.
- Shah RB, Zhou M. Atypical cribriform lesions of the prostate: clinical significance, differential diagnosis and current concept of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. Adv Anat Pathol. 2012 Jul;19(4):270-8.
- Baydar, D.E., Özen, H., SaraçbaĢı, O., Karabulut, E., PTEN Expression in Primary Prostate Carcinoma in Turkish Patients, Turk J Med Sci, 2008, 38 (5), s:387-97.
- McMenamin, M.E., Soung, P., Perera, S., Kaplan, I., Loda, M., Sellers, W.R., Loss of PTEN expression in paraffin-embedded primary prostate cancer correlates with high Gleason score and advanced stage, Cancer Res., 1999; 59, 4291–6.
- Mithal P, Allott E, Gerber L et al. PTEN loss in biopsy tissue predicts poor clinical outcomes in prostate cancer. Int J Urol. 2014, 21(12):1209-14.doi: 10.1111/iju.12571.
- Lotan TL, Carvalho FL, Peskoe SB et al PTEN loss is associated with upgrading of prostate cancer from biopsy to radical prostatectomy. Mod Pathol. 2015 Jan; 28 (1): 128-37.
- Carlos L. Morais, Liana B. Guedes, Jessica Hicks, Alexander S. Baras, Angelo M. De Marzo, Tamara L. Lotan. ERG and PTEN Status of Isolated High Grade PIN Occurring in Cystoprostatectomy Specimens Without Invasive Prostatic Adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol.2016; 55: 117–25.
- Perner S, Demichelis F, Beroukhim R, et al. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion associated deletions provide insight into the heterogeneity of prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2006; (66): 8337-41.
- Gopalan A, Leversha MA, Satagopan JM, et al. TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion is not associated with outcome in patients treated by prostatectomy. Cancer Res 2009;69, s:1400-6.
- Shah RB, Bentley J, Jeffrey Z, Demarzo AM Heterogeneity of PTEN and ERG expression in prostate cancer on core needle biopsies: implications for cancer risk stratification and biomarker sampling. Hum Pathol.2015; 46 (5): 698–706.
- Ahearn TU, Pettersson A, Ebot EM, et al. A prospective investigation of PTEN loss and ERG expression in lethal prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108: 1–9.
- Cuzick J,Yang ZH, Fisher G et al Prognostic value of PTEN loss in men with conservatively managed localised prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108 (12): 2582–9.
- Tosoian JJ, Almutairi F, Morais CL, Glavaris S, Hicks J, Sundi D, Humphreys E, Han M, De Marzo AM, Ross AE, Tomlins SA, Schaeffer EM, Trock BJ, Lotan TL, Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of PTEN Loss in African-American and European-American Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy, European Urology 2017; 71: 697–700.
- McNeal JE, Bostwick DG. Intraductal dysplasia: a premalignant lesion of the prostate. Hum Pathol. 1986 Jan;17(1):64-71.
- McNeal JE, Reese JH, Redwine EA, Freiha FS, Stamey TA. Cribriform adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Cancer. 1986 Oct 15; 58 (8): 1714-9.
- McNeal JE, Yemoto CE. Spread of adenocarcinoma within prostatic ducts and acini. morphologic and clinical correlations. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996; 20: 802–14.
- Cohen RJ, Wheeler TM, Bonkhoff H, Rubin MA. A proposal on the identification, histologic reporting, and implications of intraductal prostatic carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007; 131:1103–9.
- Cohen RJ, McNeal JE, Baillie T. Patterns of differentiation and proliferation in intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: significance for cancer progression. Prostate. 2000 Apr 1; 43 (1): 11-9.
- Guo CC, Epstein JI. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy: Histologic features and clinical significance. Mod Pathol. 2006; 19: 1528–35.
- Han B, Suleman K, Wang L, Siddiqui J, Sercia L, Magi-Galluzzi C, et al. ETS gene aberrations in atypical cribriform lesions of the prostate: Implications for the distinction between intraductal carcinoma of the prostate and cribriform high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010; 34: 478–85.
- Lotan TL, Gurel B, Sutcliffe S, Esopi D, Liu W, Xu J, Hicks JL,et al. PTEN protein loss by immunostaining: Analytic validation and prognostic indicator for a high risk surgical cohort of prostate cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2011; 17: 6563–73.
- Chaux A, Albadine R, Toubaji A, Hicks J, Meeker A, Platz EA, De Marzo AM, Netto GJ. Immunohistochemistry for ERG expression as a surrogate for TMPRSS2-ERG fusion detection in prostatic adenocarcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011; 35: 1014–20.
- Dawkins HJ, Sellner LN, Turbett GR, Thompson CA, Redmond SL, McNeal JE, Cohen RJ. Distinction between intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), high-grade dysplasia (PIN), and invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma, using molecular markers of cancer progression. Prostate. 2000; 44: 265–70.
- Bettendorf O, Schmidt H, Staebler A, Grobholz R, Heinecke A, Boecker W, Hertle L, Semjonow A. Chromosomal imbalances, loss of heterozygosity, and immunohistochemical expression of TP53, RB1, and PTEN in intraductal cancer, intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2008; 47: 565–72.
- Zhou E, Zhang B, Zhu K, Schaafsma E, Kumar RD, Cheng C. A TMPRSS2-ERG gene signature predicts prognosis of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Med. 2020 Dec;10(8): e216. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.216
- Albuquerque CGP, Morais CL, Carvalho FLF, Peskoe SB, Hicks JL, Ludkovski O, et al. In prostate cancer needle biopsies, detections of PTEN loss by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) are concordant and show consistent association with upgrading, Virchows Arch. 2016; 468:607–17.
- Lotan TL, Gumuskaya B, Rahimi H, Hicks JL, Iwata T, Robinson BD, Epstein JI, De Marzo AM. Cytoplasmic PTEN protein loss distinguishes intraductal carcinoma of the prostate from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Mod Pathol. 2013; 26: 587–603.
- Morais CL, Han JS, Gordetsky J, Nagar MS, Anderson AE, Lee S et al. Utility of PTEN and ERG immunostaining for distinguishing high-grade PIN from intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015; 39 (2): 169-78.
- Mosquera JM, Perner S, Genega EM, Sanda M, Hofer MD, Mertz KD, et al Characterization of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and potential clinical implications. Clin Cancer Res. 2008; 14: 3380–5.
- Zhang S, Pavlovitz B, Tull J, Wang Y, Deng FM, Fuller C. Detection of TMPRSS2 gene deletions and translocations in carcinoma, intraepithelial neoplasia, and normal epithelium of the prostate by direct fluorescence in situ hybridization. Diagn Mol Pathol. 2010; 19: 151–6.
- Park K, Dalton JT, Narayanan R, Barbieri CE, Hancock ML, Bostwick DG, Steiner MS, Rubin MA. TMPRSS2: ERG gene fusion predicts subsequent detection of prostate cancer in patients with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. J Clin Oncol. 2014; 32: 206–11.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 12 Aralık 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 18 Mart 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |