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Inflammatory myositis: Idiopathic? Overlap? Paraneoplastic?

Yıl 2019, , 51 - 57, 25.10.2019

Gerçek Can

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.648954

Öz

Inflammatory myositis is a heterogeneous group of diseases, mainly involving muscle inflammation, where extramuscular lesions such as the skin, lung, heart, and gastrointestinal tract can be involved. It is characterized by proximal muscle weakness, elevated muscle enzyme, myopathic pattern in electromyography, typical histological findings in muscle biopsy and typical skin lesions in dermatomyositis. Inflammatory myositis can be divided into subgroups, including dermatomyositis, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, overlap myositis (containing antisynthetase syndrome), inclusion body myositis, amyopathic dermatomyositis, polymyositis, cancer-associated myositis through new myositis specific autoantibodies, histopathological developments, and classification criteria.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Idiopathic inflammatory myositis subgroups myositis-specific autoantibodies classification criteria

Kaynakça

  • Plotz PH, Rider LG, Targoff IN, Raben N, O'Hanlon TP, Miller FW. NIH conference. Myositis: immunologic contributions to understanding cause, pathogenesis, and therapy. Ann Intern Med 1995;122(9):715-24.
  • Lundberg IE, de Visser M, Werth VP. Classification of myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14(5):269-78.
  • Medsger TA Jr, Dawson WN Jr, Masi AT. The epidemiology of polymyositis. Am J Med 1970;48(6):715-23.
  • Bohan A, Peter JB. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts). N Engl J Med 1975;292(7):344-7.
  • Bohan A, Peter JB. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (second of two parts). N Engl J Med 1975;292(8):403-7.
  • Tanimoto K, Nakano K, Kano S. Classification criteria for polymyositis and dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 1995;22(4):668-74.
  • Targoff IN, Miller FW, Medsger TA Jr, Oddis CV. Classification criteria for the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1997;9(6):527-35.
  • Hoogendijk JE, Amato AA, Lecky BR, et al. 119th ENMC international workshop: trial design in adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, with the exception of inclusion body myositis, 10-12 October 2003, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2004;14(5): 337-45.
  • Troyanov Y, Targoff IN,Tremblay JL, Goulet JR, Raymond Y, Senecal JL. Novel classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies based on overlap syndrome features and autoantibodies: analysis of 100 French Canadian patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005; 84(4):231-49.
  • Lundberg IE, Tjarnlund A, Bottai M, et al. 2017 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their major subgroups. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76(12):1955-64.
  • Betteridge Z, McHugh N. Myositis-specific autoantibodies: an important tool to support diagnosis of myositis. J Intern Med 2016;280(1):8-23.
  • Ghirardello A, Zampieri S, Iaccarino L, et al., Anti-Mi-2 antibodies. Autoimmunity 2005; 38(1):79-83.
  • Albayda J, Pinal-Fernandez I, Huang W, et al. Antinuclear Matrix Protein 2 Autoantibodies and Edema, Muscle Disease, and Malignancy Risk in Dermatomyositis Patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017;69(11):1771-6.
  • Fiorentino DF, Chung LS, Christopher-Stine L, et al. Most patients with cancer-associated dermatomyositis have antibodies to nuclear matrix protein NXP-2 or transcription intermediary factor 1gamma. Arthritis Rheum 2013;65(11):2954-62.
  • Ge Y, Lu X, Shu X, Peng Q, Wang G. Clinical characteristics of anti-SAE antibodies in Chinese patients with dermatomyositis in comparison with different patient cohorts. Sci Rep 2017;7(1):188. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00240-6.
  • Labrador-Horrillo M, Martinez MA, Selva-O'Callaghan A, et al. Anti-MDA5 antibodies in a large Mediterranean population of adults with dermatomyositis. J Immunol Res 2014;2014: 290797.
  • Fiorentino D, Chung L, Zwerner J, Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen L. The mucocutaneous and systemic phenotype of dermatomyositis patients with antibodies to MDA5 (CADM-140): a retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65(1):25-34.
  • Narang NS, Casciola-Rosen L, Li S, Chung L, Fiorentino DF. Cutaneous ulceration in dermatomyositis: association with antimelanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibodies and interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015;67(5):667-72.
  • Sato S, Hoshino K, Satoh T, et al., RNA helicase encoded by melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 is a major autoantigen in patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis: Association with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60(7): 2193-200.
  • Hamaguchi Y, Kuwana M, Hoshino K, et al. Clinical correlations with dermatomyositis-specific autoantibodies in adult Japanese patients with dermatomyositis: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Arch Dermatol 2011;147(4):391-8.
  • McHugh NJ, Tansley SL. Autoantibodies in myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018;14(5):290-302.
  • Paganoni S, Amato A. Electrodiagnostic evaluation of myopathies. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2013;24(1):193-207.
  • Shirani Z, Kucenic MJ, Carroll CL, et al. Pruritus in adult dermatomyositis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2004;29(3):273-6.
  • Selva-O'Callaghan A, Pinal-Fernandez I, Trallero-Araguas E, Milisenda JC, Grau-Junyent JM, Mammen AL. Classification and management of adult inflammatory myopathies. Lancet Neurol 2018;17(9):816-28.
  • Hsiung SH, Chan EF, Elenitsas R, Kolasinski SL, Schumacher HR, Werth VP. Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis presenting with clinical features of dermatomyositis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48(2 Suppl):S11-4.
  • Suarez-Calvet, Gallardo, E., Pinal-Fernandez, I., et al., RIG-I expression in perifascicular myofibers is a reliable biomarker of dermatomyositis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017;19(1):174.
  • Pinal-Fernandez, I., Casciola-Rosen, L. A., Christopher-Stine, L., Corse, A. M., Mammen, A. L., The Prevalence of Individual Histopathologic Features Varies according to Autoantibody Status in Muscle Biopsies from Patients with Dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 2015;42(8):1448-54.
  • Dalakas, M.C., Muscle biopsy findings in inflammatory myopathies. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2002;28(4):779-98, vi.
  • Euwer, R.L. and R.D. Sontheimer, Amyopathic dermatomyositis: a review. J Invest Dermatol 1993;100(1):124S-127S.
  • Chung T, Christopher-Stine L, Paik JJ, Corse A, Mammen AL. The composition of cellular infiltrates in anti-HMG-CoA reductase-associated myopathy. Muscle Nerve 2015;52(2):189-95.
  • Watanabe Y, Uruha A, Suzuki S, et al. Clinical features and prognosis in anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR necrotising myopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016;87(10):1038-44.
  • Tiniakou E, Pinal-Fernandez I, Lloyd TE, et al. More severe disease and slower recovery in younger patients with anti-3hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017;56(5):787-94.
  • Allenbach Y, Arouche-Delaperche L, Preusse C, et al. Necrosis in anti-SRP(+) and anti-HMGCR(+)myopathies: Role of autoantibodies and complement. Neurology 2018;90(6): e507-17.
  • Arouche-Delaperche L, Allenbach Y, Amelin D, et al. Pathogenic role of anti-signal recognition protein and anti-3-Hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-CoA reductase antibodies in necrotizing myopathies: Myofiber atrophy and impairment of muscle regeneration in necrotizing autoimmune myopathies. Ann Neurol 2017;81(4):538-48.
  • Allenbach Y, Mammen AL, Benveniste O, Stenzel W, 224th ENMC International Workshop:: Clinico-sero-pathological classification of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies Zandvoort, The Netherlands, 14-16 October 2016. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28(1):87-99.
  • Chen F, Peng Y, Chen M. Diagnostic Approach to cardiac involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Int Heart J 2018;59(2):256-62.
  • Griggs RC, Askanas V, DiMauro S, et al. Inclusion body myositis and myopathies. Ann Neurol 1995;38(5):705-13.
  • van der Meulen MF, Bronner IM, Hoogendijk JE, et al. Polymyositis: an overdiagnosed entity. Neurology 2003;61(3):316-21.
  • Brady S, Squier W, Hilton-Jones D. Clinical assessment determines the diagnosis of inclusion body myositis independently of pathological features. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013;84(11):1240-6.
  • Dalakas MC. Inflammatory Muscle Diseases. N Engl J Med 2015;373(4):393-4.
  • Greenberg SA, Pinkus JL, Amato AA. Nuclear membrane proteins are present within rimmed vacuoles in inclusion-body myositis. Muscle Nerve 2006;34(4):406-16.
  • Guttsches AK, Brady S, Krause K, et al. Proteomics of rimmed vacuoles define new risk allele in inclusion body myositis. Ann Neurol 2017;81(2):227-239.
  • Trallero-Araguas E, Grau-Junyent JM, Labirua-Iturburu A, et al. Clinical manifestations and long-term outcome of anti-Jo1 antisynthetase patients in a large cohort of Spanish patients from the GEAS-IIM group. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2016;46(2):22531.
  • Guillen-Del Castillo A, Pilar Simeon-Aznar C, Fonollosa-Pla V, et al. Good outcome of interstitial lung disease in patients with scleroderma associated to anti-PM/Scl antibody. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2014;44(3):331-7.
  • Rigolet A, Musset L, Dubourg O, et al. Inflammatory myopathies with anti-Ku antibodies: a prognosis dependent on associated lung disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2012;91(2):95-102.
  • Pinal-Fernandez, I., Casal-Dominguez, M., Huapaya, J. A. et al., A longitudinal cohort study of the anti-synthetase syndrome: increased severity of interstitial lung disease in black patients and patients with anti-PL7 and anti-PL12 autoantibodies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017;56(6): 999-1007.
  • Chahin, N. and A.G. Engel, Correlation of muscle biopsy, clinical course, and outcome in PM and sporadic IBM. Neurology 2008;70(6):418-24.
  • Vilela VS, Prieto-Gonzalez S, Milisenda JC, Selva O, Callaghan A, Grau JM. Polymyositis, a very uncommon isolated disease: clinical and histological re-evaluation after long-term follow-up. Rheumatol Int 2015;35(5):915-20.
  • Qiang JK, Kim W B, Baibergenova A, Alhusayen R. Risk of Malignancy in Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis. J Cutan Med Surg 2017;21(2):131-6.
  • Lu X, Yang H, Shu X, et al. Factors predicting malignancy in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyostis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014;9(4):e94128.
  • Zahr ZA, Baer AN. Malignancy in myositis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2011;13(3):208-15.
  • Leatham H, Schadt C, Chisolm S, et al. Evidence supports blind screening for internal malignancy in dermatomyositis: Data from 2 large US dermatology cohorts. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97(2):e9639.
  • Waldman MA, Callen JP. Self-resolution of Epstein-Barr virus-associated B-cell lymphoma in a patient with dermatomyositis following withdrawal of mycophenolate mofetil and methotrexate. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51(2 Suppl):S124-30.
  • Manger B, Schett G. Rheumatic paraneoplastic syndromes - A clinical link between malignancy and autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 2018;186:67-70.
  • Ichimura Y, Matsushita T, Hamaguchi, Y. et al. Anti-NXP2 autoantibodies in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: possible association with malignancy. Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71(5):710-3.
  • Selva-O'Callaghan, A., Martinez-Gomez, X., Trallero-Araguas, E., Pinal-Fernandez, I., The diagnostic workup of cancerassociated myositis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2018;30(6):630-6.

İnflamatuar miyozitler: İdiyopatik mi? Çakışma mı? Paraneoplastik mi?

Yıl 2019, , 51 - 57, 25.10.2019

Gerçek Can

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.648954

Öz

İnflamatuar miyozitler temel olarak kas inflamasyonu ile karakterize, bunun yanında cilt, akciğer, kalp, gastrointestinal sistem gibi ekstramusküler tutulum yapabilen heterojen bir grup hastalıktır. Proksimal kas güçsüzlüğü, kas enzim yüksekliği, elektromiyografide miyopatik patern, kas biyopsisinde tipik histolojik bulgular, dermatomiyozitte tipik deri lezyonları ile karakterizedir. İnflamatuar miyozitler, yeni miyozit spesifik otoantikorlar, histopatolojik gelişmeler, sınıflandırma kriterlerinin ışığında; dermatomiyozit, immün aracılı nekrotizan miyopati, overlap miyozit (antisentetaz sendromunu içeren), sporodik inklüzyon cisimcikli miyozit, amiyopatik dermatomiyozit, polimiyozit, kanser ilişkili miyozit olmak üzere alt gruplara ayrılabilir

Anahtar Kelimeler

İdiyopatik inflamatuvar miyozitler inflamatuar miyozit alt tipleri miyozit spesifik otoantikorlar miyozit sınıflandırma kriterleri

Kaynakça

  • Plotz PH, Rider LG, Targoff IN, Raben N, O'Hanlon TP, Miller FW. NIH conference. Myositis: immunologic contributions to understanding cause, pathogenesis, and therapy. Ann Intern Med 1995;122(9):715-24.
  • Lundberg IE, de Visser M, Werth VP. Classification of myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14(5):269-78.
  • Medsger TA Jr, Dawson WN Jr, Masi AT. The epidemiology of polymyositis. Am J Med 1970;48(6):715-23.
  • Bohan A, Peter JB. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts). N Engl J Med 1975;292(7):344-7.
  • Bohan A, Peter JB. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (second of two parts). N Engl J Med 1975;292(8):403-7.
  • Tanimoto K, Nakano K, Kano S. Classification criteria for polymyositis and dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 1995;22(4):668-74.
  • Targoff IN, Miller FW, Medsger TA Jr, Oddis CV. Classification criteria for the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1997;9(6):527-35.
  • Hoogendijk JE, Amato AA, Lecky BR, et al. 119th ENMC international workshop: trial design in adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, with the exception of inclusion body myositis, 10-12 October 2003, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2004;14(5): 337-45.
  • Troyanov Y, Targoff IN,Tremblay JL, Goulet JR, Raymond Y, Senecal JL. Novel classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies based on overlap syndrome features and autoantibodies: analysis of 100 French Canadian patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005; 84(4):231-49.
  • Lundberg IE, Tjarnlund A, Bottai M, et al. 2017 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their major subgroups. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76(12):1955-64.
  • Betteridge Z, McHugh N. Myositis-specific autoantibodies: an important tool to support diagnosis of myositis. J Intern Med 2016;280(1):8-23.
  • Ghirardello A, Zampieri S, Iaccarino L, et al., Anti-Mi-2 antibodies. Autoimmunity 2005; 38(1):79-83.
  • Albayda J, Pinal-Fernandez I, Huang W, et al. Antinuclear Matrix Protein 2 Autoantibodies and Edema, Muscle Disease, and Malignancy Risk in Dermatomyositis Patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017;69(11):1771-6.
  • Fiorentino DF, Chung LS, Christopher-Stine L, et al. Most patients with cancer-associated dermatomyositis have antibodies to nuclear matrix protein NXP-2 or transcription intermediary factor 1gamma. Arthritis Rheum 2013;65(11):2954-62.
  • Ge Y, Lu X, Shu X, Peng Q, Wang G. Clinical characteristics of anti-SAE antibodies in Chinese patients with dermatomyositis in comparison with different patient cohorts. Sci Rep 2017;7(1):188. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00240-6.
  • Labrador-Horrillo M, Martinez MA, Selva-O'Callaghan A, et al. Anti-MDA5 antibodies in a large Mediterranean population of adults with dermatomyositis. J Immunol Res 2014;2014: 290797.
  • Fiorentino D, Chung L, Zwerner J, Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen L. The mucocutaneous and systemic phenotype of dermatomyositis patients with antibodies to MDA5 (CADM-140): a retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65(1):25-34.
  • Narang NS, Casciola-Rosen L, Li S, Chung L, Fiorentino DF. Cutaneous ulceration in dermatomyositis: association with antimelanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibodies and interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015;67(5):667-72.
  • Sato S, Hoshino K, Satoh T, et al., RNA helicase encoded by melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 is a major autoantigen in patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis: Association with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60(7): 2193-200.
  • Hamaguchi Y, Kuwana M, Hoshino K, et al. Clinical correlations with dermatomyositis-specific autoantibodies in adult Japanese patients with dermatomyositis: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Arch Dermatol 2011;147(4):391-8.
  • McHugh NJ, Tansley SL. Autoantibodies in myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018;14(5):290-302.
  • Paganoni S, Amato A. Electrodiagnostic evaluation of myopathies. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2013;24(1):193-207.
  • Shirani Z, Kucenic MJ, Carroll CL, et al. Pruritus in adult dermatomyositis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2004;29(3):273-6.
  • Selva-O'Callaghan A, Pinal-Fernandez I, Trallero-Araguas E, Milisenda JC, Grau-Junyent JM, Mammen AL. Classification and management of adult inflammatory myopathies. Lancet Neurol 2018;17(9):816-28.
  • Hsiung SH, Chan EF, Elenitsas R, Kolasinski SL, Schumacher HR, Werth VP. Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis presenting with clinical features of dermatomyositis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48(2 Suppl):S11-4.
  • Suarez-Calvet, Gallardo, E., Pinal-Fernandez, I., et al., RIG-I expression in perifascicular myofibers is a reliable biomarker of dermatomyositis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017;19(1):174.
  • Pinal-Fernandez, I., Casciola-Rosen, L. A., Christopher-Stine, L., Corse, A. M., Mammen, A. L., The Prevalence of Individual Histopathologic Features Varies according to Autoantibody Status in Muscle Biopsies from Patients with Dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 2015;42(8):1448-54.
  • Dalakas, M.C., Muscle biopsy findings in inflammatory myopathies. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2002;28(4):779-98, vi.
  • Euwer, R.L. and R.D. Sontheimer, Amyopathic dermatomyositis: a review. J Invest Dermatol 1993;100(1):124S-127S.
  • Chung T, Christopher-Stine L, Paik JJ, Corse A, Mammen AL. The composition of cellular infiltrates in anti-HMG-CoA reductase-associated myopathy. Muscle Nerve 2015;52(2):189-95.
  • Watanabe Y, Uruha A, Suzuki S, et al. Clinical features and prognosis in anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR necrotising myopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016;87(10):1038-44.
  • Tiniakou E, Pinal-Fernandez I, Lloyd TE, et al. More severe disease and slower recovery in younger patients with anti-3hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017;56(5):787-94.
  • Allenbach Y, Arouche-Delaperche L, Preusse C, et al. Necrosis in anti-SRP(+) and anti-HMGCR(+)myopathies: Role of autoantibodies and complement. Neurology 2018;90(6): e507-17.
  • Arouche-Delaperche L, Allenbach Y, Amelin D, et al. Pathogenic role of anti-signal recognition protein and anti-3-Hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-CoA reductase antibodies in necrotizing myopathies: Myofiber atrophy and impairment of muscle regeneration in necrotizing autoimmune myopathies. Ann Neurol 2017;81(4):538-48.
  • Allenbach Y, Mammen AL, Benveniste O, Stenzel W, 224th ENMC International Workshop:: Clinico-sero-pathological classification of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies Zandvoort, The Netherlands, 14-16 October 2016. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28(1):87-99.
  • Chen F, Peng Y, Chen M. Diagnostic Approach to cardiac involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Int Heart J 2018;59(2):256-62.
  • Griggs RC, Askanas V, DiMauro S, et al. Inclusion body myositis and myopathies. Ann Neurol 1995;38(5):705-13.
  • van der Meulen MF, Bronner IM, Hoogendijk JE, et al. Polymyositis: an overdiagnosed entity. Neurology 2003;61(3):316-21.
  • Brady S, Squier W, Hilton-Jones D. Clinical assessment determines the diagnosis of inclusion body myositis independently of pathological features. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013;84(11):1240-6.
  • Dalakas MC. Inflammatory Muscle Diseases. N Engl J Med 2015;373(4):393-4.
  • Greenberg SA, Pinkus JL, Amato AA. Nuclear membrane proteins are present within rimmed vacuoles in inclusion-body myositis. Muscle Nerve 2006;34(4):406-16.
  • Guttsches AK, Brady S, Krause K, et al. Proteomics of rimmed vacuoles define new risk allele in inclusion body myositis. Ann Neurol 2017;81(2):227-239.
  • Trallero-Araguas E, Grau-Junyent JM, Labirua-Iturburu A, et al. Clinical manifestations and long-term outcome of anti-Jo1 antisynthetase patients in a large cohort of Spanish patients from the GEAS-IIM group. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2016;46(2):22531.
  • Guillen-Del Castillo A, Pilar Simeon-Aznar C, Fonollosa-Pla V, et al. Good outcome of interstitial lung disease in patients with scleroderma associated to anti-PM/Scl antibody. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2014;44(3):331-7.
  • Rigolet A, Musset L, Dubourg O, et al. Inflammatory myopathies with anti-Ku antibodies: a prognosis dependent on associated lung disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2012;91(2):95-102.
  • Pinal-Fernandez, I., Casal-Dominguez, M., Huapaya, J. A. et al., A longitudinal cohort study of the anti-synthetase syndrome: increased severity of interstitial lung disease in black patients and patients with anti-PL7 and anti-PL12 autoantibodies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017;56(6): 999-1007.
  • Chahin, N. and A.G. Engel, Correlation of muscle biopsy, clinical course, and outcome in PM and sporadic IBM. Neurology 2008;70(6):418-24.
  • Vilela VS, Prieto-Gonzalez S, Milisenda JC, Selva O, Callaghan A, Grau JM. Polymyositis, a very uncommon isolated disease: clinical and histological re-evaluation after long-term follow-up. Rheumatol Int 2015;35(5):915-20.
  • Qiang JK, Kim W B, Baibergenova A, Alhusayen R. Risk of Malignancy in Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis. J Cutan Med Surg 2017;21(2):131-6.
  • Lu X, Yang H, Shu X, et al. Factors predicting malignancy in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyostis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014;9(4):e94128.
  • Zahr ZA, Baer AN. Malignancy in myositis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2011;13(3):208-15.
  • Leatham H, Schadt C, Chisolm S, et al. Evidence supports blind screening for internal malignancy in dermatomyositis: Data from 2 large US dermatology cohorts. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97(2):e9639.
  • Waldman MA, Callen JP. Self-resolution of Epstein-Barr virus-associated B-cell lymphoma in a patient with dermatomyositis following withdrawal of mycophenolate mofetil and methotrexate. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51(2 Suppl):S124-30.
  • Manger B, Schett G. Rheumatic paraneoplastic syndromes - A clinical link between malignancy and autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 2018;186:67-70.
  • Ichimura Y, Matsushita T, Hamaguchi, Y. et al. Anti-NXP2 autoantibodies in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: possible association with malignancy. Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71(5):710-3.
  • Selva-O'Callaghan, A., Martinez-Gomez, X., Trallero-Araguas, E., Pinal-Fernandez, I., The diagnostic workup of cancerassociated myositis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2018;30(6):630-6.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Ek
Yazarlar

Gerçek Can 0000-0001-8347-0873

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ekim 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Ekim 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Can G. İnflamatuar miyozitler: İdiyopatik mi? Çakışma mı? Paraneoplastik mi?. ETD. 2019:51-7.

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