Mikrobiyom ve mikrobiyota

Behice Kurtaran

doi:10.19161/etd.863679

Olgu Sunumu

Mikrobiyom ve mikrobiyota

Yıl 2021, , 88 - 93, 20.01.2021

Behice Kurtaran

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.863679

Cited By: 4

Öz

Mikrobiyom ve mikrobiyota sıklıkla birbirlerinin yerine kullanılan ve insan vücudunda bulunan kommensal, simbiyotik ve patojenik mikroorganizmaların topluluğuna verilen isimdir. İnsan vücudunda mikroorganizmalar gastrointestinal sistem, orofaringeal alan, deri, hava yolları, ürogenital sistem, kan ve gözlerde lokalize olmuştur. Gastrointestinal mikrobiyomun koruyucu, metabolik ve yapısal etkileri söz konusudur. İntestinal mikrobiyota dengesi, immün regülasyonu sağlayan mikrobiyal kompozisyonun dengede kalması ile yani simbiyoz ile sağlanır. Eğer mikrobiyota çeşitliliğinde azalma, değişiklik ya da bozulma olursa –ki bu disbiyoz olarak adlandırılır- alerji ve inflamasyonla giden immün disregülasyon meydana gelir. Yani insan sağlığının idamesinde gastrointestinal mikrobiyotanın klinik önemi büyüktür. Kardiyovasküler hastalık, obesite, tip 2 diyabet, non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı (NAFLD) ve bazı kanser tipleri ile disbiyoz arasında ilişki olduğunu gösteren çalışmalar mevcuttur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikrobiyom,, mikrobiyota,, simbiyoz,, disbiyoz.

Kaynakça

Lederberg J, McCray AT. Genealogical Treasury of Words. Scientist 2001; 15 (7): 8.
Kamada N, Seo SU, Chen GY, Nunez G. Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol 2013; 13: 321-35. 10.1038/nri3430.
Qin J, Li R, Raes J, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 2010; 464: 59-65. 10.1038/nature08821
Hansen TH, Gobel RJ, Hansen T, Pedersen O. The gut microbiome in cardio-metabolic health. Genome Med 2015; 7 (1): 33. doi: 10.1186/s13073-015-0157-z.
Kamo T, Akazawa H, Suda W, et al. Dysbiosis and compositional alterations with aging in the gut microbiota of patients with heart failure. PLoS One 2017; 12 (3): e0174099. 10.1371
Ley RE, Turnbaugh PJ, Klein S, Gordon JI. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 2006; 444: 1022-3. 10.1038/4441022a
Wang Z, Klipfell E, Bennett BJ, et al. Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease. Nature 2011; 472: 57-63. 10.1038/nature09922
Sommer F, Backhed F. The gut microbiota-masters of host development and phisiology. Nature Rev Microbiol 2013;11(4):227-38.
Pedersen HK, Gudmundsdottir V, Nielsen HB, et al. Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity. Nature 2016; 535: 376-81. 10.1038/nature18646
Henao-Mejia J, Elinav E, Jin C, et al. Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature 2012;482:179-85. 10.1038/nature10809
Tang WH, Kitai T, Hazen SL. Gut microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease. Circ Res 2017;120:1183-96. 10.1161/circresaha.117.309715
Emoto T, Yamashita T, Kobayashi T, et al. Characterization of gut microbiota profiles in coronary artery disease patients using data mining analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism: gut microbiota could be a diagnostic marker of coronary artery disease. Heart Vessels 2017; 32: 39-46. 10.1007/s00380-016-0841-y
Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, et al. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008;57:1470-81. 10.2337/db07-1403
Khan MT, Nieuwdorp M, Backhed F. Microbial modulation of insulin sensitivity. Cell Metab 2014;20:753-60. 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.006
Mouzaki M, Comelli EM, Arendt BM, et al. Intestinal microbiota in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2013; 58: 120-27. 10.1002/hep.26319
Zhu L, Baker SS, Gill C, et al. Characterization of gut microbiomes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients: a connection between endogenous alcohol and NASH. Hepatology 2013; 57: 601-9. 10.1002/hep.26093
Gopalakrishnan V, Helmink BA, Spencer CN, Reuben A, Wargo JA. The influence of the gut microbiome on cancer, immunity, and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2018; 33: 570-80. 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.015
Tilg H, Adolph TE, Gerner RR, Moschen AR. The intestinal microbiota in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 33: 954-64. 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.004
Mullié C, Yazourh A, Thibault H, et al. Increased poliovirus-specific intestinal antibody response coincides with promotion of Bifidobacterium longum-infantis and Bifidobacterium brevein infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Res 2004; 56: 791-5.
Thibault H, Aubert Jacquin C, Goulet O. Effects of long-term consumption of a fermented ınfant formula (with Bifidobacterium breve c50 and Streptococcus thermophilus 065) on acute diarrhea in healthy ınfants. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 39 (2): 147-52.
Anabrees J, Indrio F, Paes B, AlFaleh K. Probiotics for infantil colic: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr 2013; 13: 186. 1186/1471-2431-13-186.
Campeotto F, Suau A, Kapel N, et al. A fermented formula in pre-term infants: clinical tolerance, gut microbiota, down-regulation of faecal calprotectin and up-regulation of faecal secretory IgA. Br J Nutr 2011; 28; 105 (12): 1843-51.
Morisset M, Aubert-Jacquin C, Soulaines P, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Dupont C. A non-hydrolyzed, fermented milk formula reduces digestive and respiratory events in infants at high risk of allergy. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65 (2): 175-83.
Van de Heijning BJ, Berton A, Bouritius H, Goulet O. GI Symptoms in ınfants are a potential target for fermented ınfant milk formulae: a review. Nutrients 2014; 6 (9): 3942-67.
Kronman MP, Zaoutis TE, Haynes K, Feng R, Coffin SE. Antibiotic exposure and ibd development among children: a population-based cohort study. Pediatrics 2012; 130 (4): e794-e803.
Maeda, Yuichi, and Kiyoshi Takeda. “Role of Gut Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis.” Journal of clinical medicine vol. 6,6 60. 9 Jun. 2017, doi:10.3390/jcm6060060
Yuichi Maeda, Kiyoshi Takeda Host–microbiota interactions in rheumatoid arthritis. Experimental and Molecular Medicine volume 51, pages1–6(2019)
Chermesh Eliakim R. Probiotics and the gastrointestinal tract: Where are we in 2005? World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 853-7.
Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and nutrional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Argentina 1-4 October 2001.
Gupta S, Allen-Vercoe E, Petrof EO. Fecal microbiota transplantation: in perspective. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2016; 9 (2): 229-239. doi:10.1177/1756283X15607414

Microbiome and microbiota

Yıl 2021, , 88 - 93, 20.01.2021

Behice Kurtaran

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.863679

Cited By: 4

Öz

Microbiome and microbiota are commonly used interchangeably and are the name given to the community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms found in the human body. Microorganisms in the human body are localized in the gastrointestinal tract, oropharyngeal area, skin, airways, urogenital system, blood and eyes. There are protective, metabolic and structural effects of gastrointestinal microbiome. Intestinal microbiota balance is achieved by maintaining the equilibrium of the microbial composition that provides immune regulation, i.e. symbiosis. If microbiota diversity decreases, changes or deteriorates, which is called dysbiosis, immune dysregulation leading to allergy and inflammation occurs. In other words, gastrointestinal microbiota has great clinical importance in the maintenance of human health. There are studies showing a relationship between dysbiosis and cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and certain types of cancer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microbiome,, microbiota,, symbiosis,, dysbiosis.

Kaynakça

Lederberg J, McCray AT. Genealogical Treasury of Words. Scientist 2001; 15 (7): 8.
Kamada N, Seo SU, Chen GY, Nunez G. Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol 2013; 13: 321-35. 10.1038/nri3430.
Qin J, Li R, Raes J, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 2010; 464: 59-65. 10.1038/nature08821
Hansen TH, Gobel RJ, Hansen T, Pedersen O. The gut microbiome in cardio-metabolic health. Genome Med 2015; 7 (1): 33. doi: 10.1186/s13073-015-0157-z.
Kamo T, Akazawa H, Suda W, et al. Dysbiosis and compositional alterations with aging in the gut microbiota of patients with heart failure. PLoS One 2017; 12 (3): e0174099. 10.1371
Ley RE, Turnbaugh PJ, Klein S, Gordon JI. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 2006; 444: 1022-3. 10.1038/4441022a
Wang Z, Klipfell E, Bennett BJ, et al. Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease. Nature 2011; 472: 57-63. 10.1038/nature09922
Sommer F, Backhed F. The gut microbiota-masters of host development and phisiology. Nature Rev Microbiol 2013;11(4):227-38.
Pedersen HK, Gudmundsdottir V, Nielsen HB, et al. Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity. Nature 2016; 535: 376-81. 10.1038/nature18646
Henao-Mejia J, Elinav E, Jin C, et al. Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature 2012;482:179-85. 10.1038/nature10809
Tang WH, Kitai T, Hazen SL. Gut microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease. Circ Res 2017;120:1183-96. 10.1161/circresaha.117.309715
Emoto T, Yamashita T, Kobayashi T, et al. Characterization of gut microbiota profiles in coronary artery disease patients using data mining analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism: gut microbiota could be a diagnostic marker of coronary artery disease. Heart Vessels 2017; 32: 39-46. 10.1007/s00380-016-0841-y
Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, et al. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008;57:1470-81. 10.2337/db07-1403
Khan MT, Nieuwdorp M, Backhed F. Microbial modulation of insulin sensitivity. Cell Metab 2014;20:753-60. 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.006
Mouzaki M, Comelli EM, Arendt BM, et al. Intestinal microbiota in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2013; 58: 120-27. 10.1002/hep.26319
Zhu L, Baker SS, Gill C, et al. Characterization of gut microbiomes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients: a connection between endogenous alcohol and NASH. Hepatology 2013; 57: 601-9. 10.1002/hep.26093
Gopalakrishnan V, Helmink BA, Spencer CN, Reuben A, Wargo JA. The influence of the gut microbiome on cancer, immunity, and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2018; 33: 570-80. 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.015
Tilg H, Adolph TE, Gerner RR, Moschen AR. The intestinal microbiota in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 33: 954-64. 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.004
Mullié C, Yazourh A, Thibault H, et al. Increased poliovirus-specific intestinal antibody response coincides with promotion of Bifidobacterium longum-infantis and Bifidobacterium brevein infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Res 2004; 56: 791-5.
Thibault H, Aubert Jacquin C, Goulet O. Effects of long-term consumption of a fermented ınfant formula (with Bifidobacterium breve c50 and Streptococcus thermophilus 065) on acute diarrhea in healthy ınfants. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 39 (2): 147-52.
Anabrees J, Indrio F, Paes B, AlFaleh K. Probiotics for infantil colic: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr 2013; 13: 186. 1186/1471-2431-13-186.
Campeotto F, Suau A, Kapel N, et al. A fermented formula in pre-term infants: clinical tolerance, gut microbiota, down-regulation of faecal calprotectin and up-regulation of faecal secretory IgA. Br J Nutr 2011; 28; 105 (12): 1843-51.
Morisset M, Aubert-Jacquin C, Soulaines P, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Dupont C. A non-hydrolyzed, fermented milk formula reduces digestive and respiratory events in infants at high risk of allergy. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65 (2): 175-83.
Van de Heijning BJ, Berton A, Bouritius H, Goulet O. GI Symptoms in ınfants are a potential target for fermented ınfant milk formulae: a review. Nutrients 2014; 6 (9): 3942-67.
Kronman MP, Zaoutis TE, Haynes K, Feng R, Coffin SE. Antibiotic exposure and ibd development among children: a population-based cohort study. Pediatrics 2012; 130 (4): e794-e803.
Maeda, Yuichi, and Kiyoshi Takeda. “Role of Gut Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis.” Journal of clinical medicine vol. 6,6 60. 9 Jun. 2017, doi:10.3390/jcm6060060
Yuichi Maeda, Kiyoshi Takeda Host–microbiota interactions in rheumatoid arthritis. Experimental and Molecular Medicine volume 51, pages1–6(2019)
Chermesh Eliakim R. Probiotics and the gastrointestinal tract: Where are we in 2005? World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 853-7.
Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and nutrional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Argentina 1-4 October 2001.
Gupta S, Allen-Vercoe E, Petrof EO. Fecal microbiota transplantation: in perspective. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2016; 9 (2): 229-239. doi:10.1177/1756283X15607414

Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Olgu Sunumu
Yazarlar	Behice Kurtaran 0000-0002-2081-4664
Yayımlanma Tarihi	20 Ocak 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi	6 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2021