The Incidence of malignancy in nodular goiter in endemic and non-endemic regions.

Azer Hummatov; Esmira Memmedova; Abbas Abbasov; Nuru Bayramov

doi:10.19161/etd.1354159

TR EN

Endemik ve endemik olmayan bölgelerde nodüler guatrda malignite prevalansı.

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Azerbaycan'ın endemik ve endemik olmayan bölgelerinde nodüler guatrı olan hastalarda tiroid kanseri prevalansını ve kontrolsüz iyot profilaksisinin tiroid kanseri gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntemler: Çalışmaya 2015-2022 yılları arasında nodüler guatr nedeniyle opere edilen 352 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar endemik (n=126) ve endemik olmayan (n=226) bölgelere göre iki gruba ve iki alt gruba ayrıldı. Tiroitde olan nodül sayısına göre: soliter nodüler guatr (169) ve multinodüler guattr (183). Endemik bölgede 20 hastada (%15,9) tiroid kanseri saptandı (p=0259). Soliter nodüler guatr (SNG) hastalarının 11'inde (%8,7), multinodüler guatr (MNG) hastalarının 9'unda (%7,1) malignite saptandı (p=0,259): Bunların 19'unda (%15,1) papiller kanserin klasik varyantı ve 1'inde (%0,8) %) papiller kanserin foliküler varyantına saptandı. Endemik olmayan bölgelerde 47 olguda (%20,8) kanser saptandı (p=0,259): MNG hastalarının 23'ünde (%10,2), SNG hastalarının -24'ünde (%10,6) malignite saptandı. Endemik olmayan bölgelerde 2 hastada (%0,7) folliküler kanser, 36 hastada (%15,9) klasik tip papiller kanser, 7 hastada (%3,1) mikrokarsinom ve 2 hastada (%0,9) medüller kanser saptandı (p=0,220). Bulgular: İyot profilaksisi nedeniyle endemik bölgelerde genel olarak guatr görülme sıklığında azalma olmasına rağmen, MNG görülme sıklığında artış (%56,4) kaydedildi. Endemik nodüler guatr hastalarının %15,9'unda ve endemik olmayan nodüler guatr hastalarının %20,8'inde tiroid malignitesi saptanmıştır. Bölge çalışmamızda papiller karsinomdaki anlamlı yüzde artışı literatür ile uyumlu olmuştur. Sonuç: Endemik bölgelerde elde ettiğimiz verilere göre kontrolsüz iyot profilaksisi kullanılması nedeniyle foliküler karsinom prevalansında azalma gözlemlenirken ,papilyar karsinom sıklığında artış olmuştur. Epidemiyolojik takip koşullarında iyotlu sofra tuzunun bölgelerin endemik özelliklerine göre kontrol altında tutulması papiller kanser riskinin azalmasına yol açabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Incidence of malignancy in nodular goiter in endemic and non-endemic regions.

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study is to look into the prevalence of thyroid cancer in Azerbaijan's endemic and non-endemic regions, as well as the effect of unmanaged iodine prophylaxis on the development of thyroid cancer. Material and methods: The study includes 352 patients who were treated operatively for nodular goiter between 2015 and 2022. Patients were separated into two groups based on endemic (n=126) and non-endemic (n=226) regions, as well as two subgroups based on the number of nodules in the thyroid: single nodule (169) and multinodule (183). Thyroid cancer was discovered in 20 patients (15.9%) in the endemic zone (p=0259). Malignancy was found in 11 (8.7%) of single-nodular goiter (SNG) patients and 9 (7.1%) of multi-nodular goiter (MNG) patients (p=0,259): 19 (15.1%) had the classic variation of papillary cancer and 1 (0.8%) had the follicular variant of papillary cancer. Cancer was discovered in 47 cases (20.8%) (p=0.259) in non-endemic regions: malignancy was detected in 23 (10.2%) cases of MNG patients and in -24 (10.6%) of SNG patients. In non-endemic areas, 2 patients (0.7%) had follicular cancer, 36 (15.9%) had the classic type of papillary cancer, 7 (3.1%) had microcarcinoma, and 2 (0.9%) had medullary cancer (p=0,220). Results: Although there was a decrease in the frequency of incidence of goiter disease in general in endemic regions due to the prohibition of iodized table salt, an increase in the frequency of occurrence of MNG (56.4%) was noted. Thyroid malignancy have been identified in 15.9% of endemic nodular goiter patients and 20.8% of non-endemic nodular goiter patients. The significant percentage increase in papillary carcinoma in our region study was consistent with the literature. Conclusions: According to data collected in endemic areas, the use of unregulated iodine prophylaxis resulted in a decrease in the prevalence of follicular carcinoma while increasing the frequency of papillary carcinoma. The prevention of iodized table salt under the conditions of sanitary-epidemiological follow-up under the control according to the endemic characteristics of the regions can lead to a decrease in the risk of follicular cancer

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Surgery (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Azer Hummatov
0000-0002-0046-0256
Azerbaijan

Esmira Memmedova ^*
0000-0001-7503-8917
Azerbaijan

Abbas Abbasov
0000-0001-5886-8548
Azerbaijan

Nuru Bayramov
0000-0001-6958-5412
Azerbaijan

Publication Date

September 9, 2024

Submission Date

November 14, 2023

Acceptance Date

April 8, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 63 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1354159

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA49NT77PL

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

Vancouver

1.Azer Hummatov, Esmira Memmedova, Abbas Abbasov, Nuru Bayramov. The Incidence of malignancy in nodular goiter in endemic and non-endemic regions. EJM. 2024 Sep. 1;63(3):404-9. doi:10.19161/etd.1354159