The cytotoxic effects of bio-transformed propolis on healthy and colon cancer cell lines

Nur Selvi Günel; Latife Merve Oktay Çelebi; Hikmet Memmedov; Burak Durmaz; Hatice Kalkan Yıldırım; Eser Yıldırım Sözmen

doi:10.19161/etd.1524052

EN TR

The cytotoxic effects of bio-transformed propolis on healthy and colon cancer cell lines

Abstract

Aim: Propolis has a lot of properties related to human health: antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and immunomodulating. Its possible effects on different cancers are among the priorities of these properties. In this study, the comparative cytotoxic effects of bio-transformed propolis samples on colon cancer cells and healthy colon epithelium cells were investigated. Materials and Methods: Lactobacillus plantarum strains used in this study are based on their well-documented ability to metabolize phenolic compounds during fermentation, effectively modifying their structure and activity. These strains exhibit cinnamoyl esterase activity, which is critical for reducing allergenic compounds such as DMEA and CAPE in propolis. Additionally, L. plantarum is widely utilized in biotransformation processes due to its safety, adaptability, and efficiency in enhancing the bioactive properties of natural products, making it an ideal candidate for optimizing the cytotoxic potential of propolis against colon cancer cells. Results: The highest reduction was determined for ferulic acid, and the lowest reduction was obtained by using ethanol as a solvent using ultrasound treatments in the presence of water at optimal conditions (300 W/40 kHz). It was found that propolis samples showed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on the colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) and healthy colon epithelium cell line (CCD-841 CoN) at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Conclusion: Our results show that the method of propolis extraction, and the type of biotransformation reaction are very important in terms of effect on the cytotoxicity of colon cancer cells. Consequently, in this study, the demonstration of the bio-transformed propolis to have the ability to destroy cancerous cells without causing severe damage to healthy cells reveals that it can have the potential that can be used in cancer treatment.

Keywords

Biyotransforme propolisin sağlıklı ve kolon kanseri hücre hatları üzerindeki sitotoksik

Öz

Amaç: Propolisin insan sağlığıyla ilgili birçok özelliği vardır: antioksidan, antimikrobiyal, antiseptik, antibakteriyel, anti inflamatuar, antimutajenik ve immün modülatör. Farklı kanserler üzerindeki olası etkileri bu özelliklerin öncelikleri arasındadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada biyotransforme edilmiş propolis örneklerinin kolon kanseri hücreleri ve sağlıklı kolon epitel hücreleri üzerindeki karşılaştırmalı sitotoksik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Farklı çözücüler (etanol; polietilen glikol - PEG; su) ve farklı ultrason işlemleri (300 W/40 kHz (5, 10 ve 15 dakika) kullanılarak yapılan ekstraksiyon prosedürüne başlamadan önce, propolis örneklerinin biyotransformasyonu üç farklı L. plantarum suşu (ISLG-2, ATCC-8014 ve Visbyvac) ile çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda (%1,5; %2,5; %3,5) gerçekleştirildi. Örneklerin fenolik profili sıvı kromatografisi-kütle spektrometrisi/kütle spektrometrisi (LCMS/MS) ile analiz edildi. Propolisin HCT-116 ve CCD-841 CoN hücreleri üzerindeki sitotoksik etkileri WST-8 yöntemi ile belirlendi. Bulgular: En yüksek indirgeme ferulik asit için belirlenirken, en düşük indirgeme optimum koşullarda (300 W/40 kHz) su varlığında ultrasonik işlemler kullanılarak çözücü olarak etanol kullanılarak elde edildi. Propolis örneklerinin 24, 48 ve 72. saatlerde kolon kanseri hücre hattı (HCT-116) ve sağlıklı kolon epitel hücre hattı (CCD-841 CoN) üzerinde doza bağlı sitotoksik etkiler gösterdiği bulundu. Sonuç: Propolis ekstraksiyon yönteminin ve biyotransformasyon reaksiyon tipinin kolon kanseri hücrelerinin sitotoksisitesi üzerindeki etki açısından çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada biyotransforme edilmiş propolisin Sağlıklı hücrelere ciddi zarar vermeden kanserli hücreleri yok edebilen bu yöntemin kanser tedavisinde de kullanılabilecek potansiyele sahip olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Cancer Cell Biology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Nur Selvi Günel ^*
0000-0003-0612-2263
Türkiye

Latife Merve Oktay Çelebi
Türkiye

Hikmet Memmedov
Azerbaijan

Burak Durmaz
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti

Hatice Kalkan Yıldırım
Türkiye

Eser Yıldırım Sözmen
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 12, 2025

Submission Date

October 21, 2024

Acceptance Date

December 6, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 64 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1524052

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA62BN53RX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

Vancouver

1.Nur Selvi Günel, Latife Merve Oktay Çelebi, Hikmet Memmedov, Burak Durmaz, Hatice Kalkan Yıldırım, Eser Yıldırım Sözmen. The cytotoxic effects of bio-transformed propolis on healthy and colon cancer cell lines. EJM. 2025 Mar. 1;64(1):77-91. doi:10.19161/etd.1524052