Glioblastoma multiforme’nin ölüm sarkıtları: Metastaz

Aleyna Gezen; Emine Yazıcı; Ece Oylumlu; Gamze Tanrıöver

doi:10.19161/etd.1620823

TR EN

Glioblastoma multiforme’nin ölüm sarkıtları: Metastaz

Öz

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), beyin tümörleri arasında en sık görülen ve en agresif malign tümör olarak bilinir. Yüksek dereceli malign glial hücrelerden kaynaklanan bu tümör, beyin içinde lokalize olma eğilimindedir. Bununla birlikte, GBM’nin ekstrakraniyal metastazları son derece nadir görülmektedir. Genellikle hastalığın ileri evrelerinde, tedaviye dirençli vakalarda akciğerler, karaciğer ve lenf nodülleri gibi organlarda ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Ancak metastazlar, nadiren de olsa kemik, deri ve diğer organlarda da ortaya çıkabilir. Ekstrakraniyal metastazların varlığı, hastalığın biyolojik olarak daha agresif bir hal aldığını gösteren önemli bir prognostik faktördür. Ekstrakraniyal metastazlar beynin dışında bazı organlarda semptomlarla ortaya çıkmaktadır ki bu metastazın tedavisi ve sürecini oldukça zorlaştırır. Kan beyin bariyerinin varlığı nedeniyle ekstrakraniyal metastazların gerçekleşme ihtimali mümkün görünmezken, günümüzde bazı klinik vakalarda ekstrakraniyal metastazlarının görülme oranının %0.5-2 arasında olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Klinik çalışmalar, ekstrakraniyal metastazları olan GBM hastalarının daha kısa yaşam sürelerine sahip olduğunu ve tedaviye daha az yanıt verdiklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, metastazların tedaviye karşı dirençli doğası, hasta sağkalımının kısa olmasından dolayı metastazların fark edilemeyişi ve hastalığın kontrol altına alınmasının zorluğundan kaynaklanmaktadır. Tanı ve tedavi süreçlerinde, ileri görüntüleme teknikleri ve sistemik tedavi yöntemleri önemlidir. Ancak günümüzde GBM metastaz tedavisi için standart bir protokolü bulunmamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, GBM’nin ekstrakraniyal metastazları üzerine daha fazla klinik araştırma yapılması, tedaviye yönelik daha etkili stratejilerin geliştirilmesine olanak sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brinicles of glioblastoma multiforme: Metastasis

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is know as most common and aggressive malignant tumor among brain tumors. Originating from high-grade malignant glial cells, this tumor tends to be localized within the brain. However, extracranial metastases of GBM are extremely rare. Extracranial metastases are generally observed in organs such as lungs, liver and lymph nodes in treatment-resistant cases, usually in advanced stages of the disease. However, metastases may rarely occur in bone, skin and other organs. The presence of extracranial metastases is an important prognostic factor, indicating that the disease has become more biologically aggressive. Extracranial metastases occur with symptoms in some organs other than the brain, making the metastasis treatment and process very difficult. While the possibility of extracranial metastases seems unlikely due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, it has been evaluated that the the incidence of extracranial metastases is between 0.5-2% in some clinical cases. Clinical trials have demonstrated that GBM patients with extracranial metastases have reduced survival and are less responsive to treatment. This is attributable to the refractory nature of metastases and the potential for metastases to go undetected due to the limited survival of patients, which complicates effective disease management. The utilization of advanced imaging techniques and systemic treatment modalities are of paramount importance in the diagnosis and treatment processes. However, there is currently a paucity of standardised protocols for the treatment of GBM metastases. Further clinical research on extracranial metastases of GBM will facilitate the development of more effective treatment strategies.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Brain and Nerve Surgery (Neurosurgery) , Cancer Cell Biology

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Aleyna Gezen ^*
0009-0001-2753-274X
Türkiye

Emine Yazıcı
0009-0009-7320-5764
Türkiye

Ece Oylumlu
0000-0003-4234-9086
Türkiye

Gamze Tanrıöver
0000-0002-8002-5544
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 12, 2025

Submission Date

January 15, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 3, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 64 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1620823

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA26NF69ZY

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

Vancouver

1.Aleyna Gezen, Emine Yazıcı, Ece Oylumlu, Gamze Tanrıöver. Glioblastoma multiforme’nin ölüm sarkıtları: Metastaz. EJM. 2025 Mar. 1;64(1):177-83. doi:10.19161/etd.1620823