Research Article

Prostate gland segmentation on prostate magnetic resonance images: An artificial intelligence study using a U-net-based convolutional neural network

Volume: 65 Number: 1 March 9, 2026
EN TR

Prostate gland segmentation on prostate magnetic resonance images: An artificial intelligence study using a U-net-based convolutional neural network

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to automatically segment the prostate gland, transitional zone (TZ) and periferal zone (PZ) on prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using a U-net based convolutional neural network (CNN). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 100 patients who underwent screening with a 1.5T MRI device between January and December 2020. The acquired images were evaluated by a senior radiology resident and converted to nifti format using the MedSeg.ai platform. Prostate and TZ masks were manually traced, while the remaining area (PZ) was automatically segmented by extracting the TZ mask from the prostate mask. A U-net based CNN algorithm with 7 depth layers was developed. Data from 80 patients were used for training the algorithm, with 10 randomly selected for validation. The remaining data from 20 patients were used for testing. Evaluation metrics applied on the test set included accuracy, mean and median Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), mean Hausdorff Distance (HSD), Mean Surface Distance (MSD), mean Relative Absolute Volume (RAV). Results: Mean DSC of 0.91 ± 0.03, 0.87 ± 0.06, 0.70 ± 0.16 and median DSC of 0.92, 0.90, 0.75 were obtained for prostate gland, TZ and PZ segmentation respectively. Mean HSD was 8.58, 9.52, 18.78, MSD was 0.92, 0.84, 1.30 and mean RAV was 3.51, 9.87, 70.57 for the segmentation of aforementioned structures. Conclusion: The developed U-net algorithm performed better in segmenting the prostate and TZ than in previous studies. While the success rate of PZ segmentation was lower, this could be attributed to various factors, as indicated by state-of-the-art methods in deep learning. This study highlights AI's promising role in automating prostate segmentation.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Project Number

Yok

Ethical Statement

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Uni̇versi̇ty Of Health Sci̇ences İzmi̇r Bozyaka Educati̇on and Research Hospital (Date: 12.08.2021, No:E-48865165-302.14.01—10126).

Thanks

None

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Radiology and Organ Imaging , Urology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

March 9, 2026

Submission Date

August 1, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 4, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 65 Number: 1

Vancouver
1.Başak Ünverdi, Mehmet Akif Özdemir, Aytuğ Onan, Elif Aylin Yüce Yörük, Türker Acar. Prostate gland segmentation on prostate magnetic resonance images: An artificial intelligence study using a U-net-based convolutional neural network. EJM. 2026 Mar. 1;65(1):107-13. doi:10.19161/etd.1755224

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