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Dilatasyon ve küretaj işleminin endometrial kanser invazyonu ve yayılımı üzerine etkisi

Year 2026, Volume: 65 Issue: 1, 114 - 121, 09.03.2026

Orkun İlgen , Sefa Kurt , Eyuphan Ozgozen , Egehan Bilen , Emine Çağnur Ulukuş

https://izlik.org/JA49HF59TM

Abstract

Amaç: Dilatasyon ve küretaj (D&C), kadın doğum alanında yaygın bir işlemdir. D&C'nin endometriumu tahrip etme olasılığı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu işlem plasenta adezyon-invazyon bozuklukları ve Asherman sendromu için bir risk faktörüdür. Dolayısıyla, D&C, endometriyal kanser (EK) invazyonu ve yayılımı için olası bir risk faktörü olarak düşünülebilir. Bu çalışma, D&C ile EK invazyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak üzere tasarlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kurumumuzun veri tabanı incelendi. Ocak 2015 ile Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasındaki tüm EK vakaları toplandı. D&C durumlarının geçmişi ve klinikopatolojik verileri belirlendi. D&C ile EK invazyonu arasındaki ilişki değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya toplam 172 EK hastası dahil edildi. 70 hastada %50'den fazla miyometriyal invazyon (%40,7) tanısı konuldu ve bunların 42'sinde (%24,4) en az bir D&C öyküsü vardı. Ancak, D&C ile EK miyometriyal invazyon arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı (p=0,27). Ayrıca, gerçekleştirilen D&C öyküsü ile lenfovasküler alan invazyonu, lenf nodu invazyonu, peritoneal sitoloji ve evre arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (sırasıyla p değerleri 0,08, 0,43, 0,09, 0,53 idi).
Sonuç: D&C, EK miyometriyal invazyonunu ve invazyonla ilişkili diğer parametreleri etkilemiyor gibi görünmektedir.

Keywords

: Dilatasyon ve küretaj endometriyal kanser miyometriyal invazyon

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı alınmıştır ​​(No: 2020/23-21).

References

  • Will AJ, Sanchack KE. Endometrial Biopsy. In Treasure Island (FL); 2020.
  • Dreisler E, Kjer JJ. Asherman’s syndrome: current perspectives on diagnosis and management. Int J Womens Health [Internet]. 2019 Mar 20;11:191–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30936754
  • Hu X, Wu H, Yong X et al. Cyclical endometrial repair and regeneration: Molecular mechanisms, diseases, and therapeutic interventions. MedComm. 2023 Dec;4(6):e425.
  • Saribas GS, Ozogul C, Tiryaki M, Alpaslan Pinarli F, Hamdemir Kilic S. Effects of uterus derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on asherman’s syndrome. Acta Histochem. 2020 Jan;122(1):151465.
  • Palova E, Redecha M, Malova A, Hammerova L, Kosibova Z. Placenta accreta as a cause of peripartum hysterectomy. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2016;117(4):212–6.
  • Cunningham RK, Horrow MM, Smith RJ, Springer J. Adenomyosis: A Sonographic Diagnosis. Radiogr a Rev Publ Radiol Soc North Am Inc. 2018;38(5):1576–89.
  • Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov;68(6):394–424.
  • Sarı ME, Meydanlı MM, Yalçın I, et al. Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis among Lymphovascular Space Invasion-Positive Women with Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer Clinically Confined to the Uterus. Oncol Res Treat [Internet]. 2018;41(12):750–4. Available from: https://www.karger.com/DOI/10.1159/000492585
  • Baba T, Mandai M, Yamanishi Y, Suzuki A, Kang HS, Konishi I. Endometrial cancer implanted within a cesarean section scar. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2011 Mar;37(3):245–9.
  • Siegel R, Ward E, Brawley O, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2011: the impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities on premature cancer deaths. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(4):212–36.
  • Woo S, Kim SY, Cho JY, Kim SH. Assessment of deep myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer on MRI: added value of second-opinion interpretations by radiologists subspecialized in gynaecologic oncology. Eur Radiol. 2017 May;27(5):1877–82.
  • Beddy P, Moyle P, Kataoka M, et al. Evaluation of depth of myometrial invasion and overall staging in endometrial cancer: comparison of diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 2012 Feb;262(2):530–7.
  • Lubuský M, Dzvincuk P, Pilka R, et al. [Preoperative assessment of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer patients by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. Ces Gynekol. 2006 Sep;71(5):394–8.
  • Yildirim N, Saatli B, Kose S, et al. Predictability of myometrial, lower uterine segment and cervical invasion with 3D transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in endometrial cancer patients: a prospective cohort study. Med Ultrason. 2018 Aug;20(3):348–54.
  • Park JY, Hong D, Park JY. Association between Morphological Patterns of Myometrial Invasion and Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res. 2019 Jan;25(1):123–30.
  • Hsiao SM, Chen MW, Chen CA, et al. The H3K9 Methyltransferase G9a Represses E-cadherin and is Associated with Myometrial Invasion in Endometrial Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015 Dec;22 Suppl 3:S1556-65.
  • Chen L, Mao X, Huang M, Lei H, Xue L, Sun P. PGC-1α and ERRα in patients with endometrial cancer: a translational study for predicting myometrial invasion. Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Sep;12(17):16963–80.
  • Atguden Z, Yildiz A, Aksut H, et al. The Value of Preoperative CA 125 Levels in Prediction of Myometrial Invasion in Patients with Early-stage Endometrioid- type Endometrial Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(2):497–501.
  • Zamani N, Modares Gilani M, Zamani F, Zamani MH. Utility of Pelvic MRI and Tumor Markers HE4 and CA125 to Predict Depth of Myometrial Invasion and Cervical Involvement in Endometrial Cancer. J Fam Reprod Heal. 2015 Nov;9(4):177–83.
  • Machida H, Maeda M, Cahoon SS, et al. Endometrial cancer arising in adenomyosis versus endometrial cancer coexisting with adenomyosis: are these two different entities? Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017 Jun;295(6):1459–68.
  • Erkilinç S, Taylan E, Gülseren V, et al. The Effect of Adenomyosis in Myometrial Invasion and Overall Survival in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Gynecol cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. 2018 Jan;28(1):145–51.
  • Tchente NC, Brichant G, Nisolle M. [Asherman’s syndrome : management after curettage following a postnatal placental retention and literature review]. Rev Med Liege. 2018 Oct;73(10):508–12.
  • Héquet D, Ricbourg A, Sebbag D, Rossignol M, Lubrano S, Barranger E. [Placenta accreta: screening, management and complications]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2013 Jan;41(1):31–7.
  • Silver RM, Barbour KD. Placenta accreta spectrum: accreta, increta, and percreta. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2015 Jun;42(2):381–402.
  • Beuker JM, Erwich JJHM, Khong TY. Is endomyometrial injury during termination of pregnancy or curettage following miscarriage the precursor to placenta accreta? J Clin Pathol. 2005 Mar;58(3):273–5.
  • Imboden S, Tapia C, Scheiwiller N, et al. Early-stage endometrial cancer, CTNNB1 mutations, and the relation between lymphovascular space invasion and recurrence. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020 Feb;99(2):196–203.
  • Watanabe T, Honma R, Kojima M, et al. Prediction of lymphovascular space invasion in endometrial cancer using the 55-gene signature selected by DNA microarray analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(9):e0223178.
  • Zhou X, Wang H, Wang X. Preoperative CA125 and fibrinogen in patients with endometrial cancer: a risk model for predicting lymphovascular space invasion. J Gynecol Oncol. 2017 Mar;28(2):e11.
  • Meydanli MM, Aslan K, Öz M, Muftuoglu KH, Yalcin I, Engin-Ustun Y. Is It Possible to Develop a Prediction Model for Lymphovascular Space Invasion in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer? Int J Gynecol Pathol Off J Int Soc Gynecol Pathol. 2020 May;39(3):213–20.
  • Capozzi VA, Sozzi G, Uccella S, et al. Novel preoperative predictive score to evaluate lymphovascular space involvement in endometrial cancer: an aid to the sentinel lymph node algorithm. Int J Gynecol cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. 2020 Jun;30(6):806–12.
  • Logani S, Herdman A V, Little J V, Moller KA. Vascular “pseudo invasion” in laparoscopic hysterectomy specimens: a diagnostic pitfall. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008 Apr;32(4):560–5.
  • Hopkins MR, Richmond AM, Cheng G, et al. Lymphovascular space invasion in robotic surgery for endometrial cancer. JSLS J Soc Laparoendosc Surg. 2014;18(3).
  • Machida H, Hom MS, Adams CL, et al. Intrauterine Manipulator Use During Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy and Risk of Lymphovascular Space Invasion in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Gynecol cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. 2018 Feb;28(2):208–19.
  • Stålberg K, Bjurberg M, Borgfeldt C, et al. Lymphovascular space invasion as a predictive factor for lymph node metastases and survival in endometrioid endometrial cancer - a Swedish Gynecologic Cancer Group (SweGCG) study. Acta Oncol. 2019 Nov;58(11):1628–33.
  • Widschwendter P, Bauer E, De Gregorio N, et al. Influence of Prognostic Factors on Lymph Node Involvement in Endometrial Cancer: A Single-Center Experience. Int J Gynecol cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. 2018 Jul;28(6):1145–52.
  • Sari ME, Yalcin İ, Sahin H, Meydanli MM, Gungor T. Risk factors for paraaortic lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2017 Oct;22(5):937–44.
  • Momtahan M, Hosseini M, Robati M, Najib F. Predictive Value of Kanagawa Cancer Center Scoring System for Lymph Node Metastasis and Need for Lymphadenectomy in Patients With Endometrial Cancer: A Validation Study. Int J Gynecol cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. 2018 Sep;28(7):1290–6.
  • Anton C, E Silva AS, Baracat EC, et al. A novel model to estimate lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2017 Jan;72(1):30–5.
  • Cetinkaya K, Atalay F. Peritoneal cytology in endometrial cancer. Tumori. 2015;101(6):697–700.
  • Ben-Arie A, Tamir S, Dubnik S, et al. Does hysteroscopy affect prognosis in apparent early-stage endometrial cancer? Int J Gynecol cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. 2008;18(4):813–9.
  • Al-Talib A, Nezhat F, Tulandi T. The role of hysteroscopy in diagnosis and management of endometrial cancer. Gynecol Surg [Internet]. 2010;7(3):211–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10397-010-0604-1
  • Zhang C, Havrilesky LJ, Broadwater G, et al. Relationship between minimally invasive hysterectomy, pelvic cytology, and lymph vascular space invasion: a single institution study of 458 patients. Gynecol Oncol. 2014 May;133(2):211–5.
  • Tanaka T, Terai Y, Maeda K, et al. Intraperitoneal cytology after laparoscopic hysterectomy in patients with endometrial cancer: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jul;96(27):e7502.
  • Abu-Rustum NR, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, et al. The revised 2009 FIGO staging system for endometrial cancer: should the 1988 FIGO stages IA and IB be altered? Int J Gynecol Cancer [Internet]. 2011 Apr;21(3):511–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21436699

Effect of dilation and curettage procedure on endometrial cancer invasion and spread

Year 2026, Volume: 65 Issue: 1, 114 - 121, 09.03.2026

Orkun İlgen , Sefa Kurt , Eyuphan Ozgozen , Egehan Bilen , Emine Çağnur Ulukuş

https://izlik.org/JA49HF59TM

Abstract

Aim: Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a common procedure in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. D&C is known to have the possibility to destroy the endometrium. For this reason, this procedure is a risk factor for placental adhesion disorders and Asherman’s syndrome. Therefore, D&C can be thought of as a possible risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC) invasion and spread. This study was designed to investigate the association between D&C and EC invasion.
Materials and Methods: The database of our institution was reviewed. All EC cases between January 2015 to January 2020 were collected. Their history of D&C status and clinicopathologic data were determined. The relation between D&C and EC invasion was evaluated.
Results: A total of 172 EC patients were enrolled in this study. 70 patients were diagnosed with more than 50% myometrial invasion (40.7%) and 42 (24.4%) of them had at least one D&C history. However, the association between D&C and EC myometrial invasion was not found statistically significant (p=0.27). Moreover, no significant difference was found between the history of performed D&C and lymphovascular space invasion, lymph node invasion, peritoneal cytology, stage (p values were 0.08, 0.43, 0.09, 0.53, respectively).
Conclusion: D&C seems not to affect EC myometrial invasion and other invasion related parameters.

Keywords

Dilation and curettage endometrial cancer myometrial invasion

Ethical Statement

This study was carried out in consensus with our university´s ethics guidelines. The ethics committee approval was obtained for this study (No: 2020/23-21).

References

  • Will AJ, Sanchack KE. Endometrial Biopsy. In Treasure Island (FL); 2020.
  • Dreisler E, Kjer JJ. Asherman’s syndrome: current perspectives on diagnosis and management. Int J Womens Health [Internet]. 2019 Mar 20;11:191–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30936754
  • Hu X, Wu H, Yong X et al. Cyclical endometrial repair and regeneration: Molecular mechanisms, diseases, and therapeutic interventions. MedComm. 2023 Dec;4(6):e425.
  • Saribas GS, Ozogul C, Tiryaki M, Alpaslan Pinarli F, Hamdemir Kilic S. Effects of uterus derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on asherman’s syndrome. Acta Histochem. 2020 Jan;122(1):151465.
  • Palova E, Redecha M, Malova A, Hammerova L, Kosibova Z. Placenta accreta as a cause of peripartum hysterectomy. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2016;117(4):212–6.
  • Cunningham RK, Horrow MM, Smith RJ, Springer J. Adenomyosis: A Sonographic Diagnosis. Radiogr a Rev Publ Radiol Soc North Am Inc. 2018;38(5):1576–89.
  • Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov;68(6):394–424.
  • Sarı ME, Meydanlı MM, Yalçın I, et al. Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis among Lymphovascular Space Invasion-Positive Women with Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer Clinically Confined to the Uterus. Oncol Res Treat [Internet]. 2018;41(12):750–4. Available from: https://www.karger.com/DOI/10.1159/000492585
  • Baba T, Mandai M, Yamanishi Y, Suzuki A, Kang HS, Konishi I. Endometrial cancer implanted within a cesarean section scar. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2011 Mar;37(3):245–9.
  • Siegel R, Ward E, Brawley O, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2011: the impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities on premature cancer deaths. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(4):212–36.
  • Woo S, Kim SY, Cho JY, Kim SH. Assessment of deep myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer on MRI: added value of second-opinion interpretations by radiologists subspecialized in gynaecologic oncology. Eur Radiol. 2017 May;27(5):1877–82.
  • Beddy P, Moyle P, Kataoka M, et al. Evaluation of depth of myometrial invasion and overall staging in endometrial cancer: comparison of diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 2012 Feb;262(2):530–7.
  • Lubuský M, Dzvincuk P, Pilka R, et al. [Preoperative assessment of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer patients by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. Ces Gynekol. 2006 Sep;71(5):394–8.
  • Yildirim N, Saatli B, Kose S, et al. Predictability of myometrial, lower uterine segment and cervical invasion with 3D transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in endometrial cancer patients: a prospective cohort study. Med Ultrason. 2018 Aug;20(3):348–54.
  • Park JY, Hong D, Park JY. Association between Morphological Patterns of Myometrial Invasion and Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res. 2019 Jan;25(1):123–30.
  • Hsiao SM, Chen MW, Chen CA, et al. The H3K9 Methyltransferase G9a Represses E-cadherin and is Associated with Myometrial Invasion in Endometrial Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015 Dec;22 Suppl 3:S1556-65.
  • Chen L, Mao X, Huang M, Lei H, Xue L, Sun P. PGC-1α and ERRα in patients with endometrial cancer: a translational study for predicting myometrial invasion. Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Sep;12(17):16963–80.
  • Atguden Z, Yildiz A, Aksut H, et al. The Value of Preoperative CA 125 Levels in Prediction of Myometrial Invasion in Patients with Early-stage Endometrioid- type Endometrial Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(2):497–501.
  • Zamani N, Modares Gilani M, Zamani F, Zamani MH. Utility of Pelvic MRI and Tumor Markers HE4 and CA125 to Predict Depth of Myometrial Invasion and Cervical Involvement in Endometrial Cancer. J Fam Reprod Heal. 2015 Nov;9(4):177–83.
  • Machida H, Maeda M, Cahoon SS, et al. Endometrial cancer arising in adenomyosis versus endometrial cancer coexisting with adenomyosis: are these two different entities? Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017 Jun;295(6):1459–68.
  • Erkilinç S, Taylan E, Gülseren V, et al. The Effect of Adenomyosis in Myometrial Invasion and Overall Survival in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Gynecol cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. 2018 Jan;28(1):145–51.
  • Tchente NC, Brichant G, Nisolle M. [Asherman’s syndrome : management after curettage following a postnatal placental retention and literature review]. Rev Med Liege. 2018 Oct;73(10):508–12.
  • Héquet D, Ricbourg A, Sebbag D, Rossignol M, Lubrano S, Barranger E. [Placenta accreta: screening, management and complications]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2013 Jan;41(1):31–7.
  • Silver RM, Barbour KD. Placenta accreta spectrum: accreta, increta, and percreta. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2015 Jun;42(2):381–402.
  • Beuker JM, Erwich JJHM, Khong TY. Is endomyometrial injury during termination of pregnancy or curettage following miscarriage the precursor to placenta accreta? J Clin Pathol. 2005 Mar;58(3):273–5.
  • Imboden S, Tapia C, Scheiwiller N, et al. Early-stage endometrial cancer, CTNNB1 mutations, and the relation between lymphovascular space invasion and recurrence. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020 Feb;99(2):196–203.
  • Watanabe T, Honma R, Kojima M, et al. Prediction of lymphovascular space invasion in endometrial cancer using the 55-gene signature selected by DNA microarray analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(9):e0223178.
  • Zhou X, Wang H, Wang X. Preoperative CA125 and fibrinogen in patients with endometrial cancer: a risk model for predicting lymphovascular space invasion. J Gynecol Oncol. 2017 Mar;28(2):e11.
  • Meydanli MM, Aslan K, Öz M, Muftuoglu KH, Yalcin I, Engin-Ustun Y. Is It Possible to Develop a Prediction Model for Lymphovascular Space Invasion in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer? Int J Gynecol Pathol Off J Int Soc Gynecol Pathol. 2020 May;39(3):213–20.
  • Capozzi VA, Sozzi G, Uccella S, et al. Novel preoperative predictive score to evaluate lymphovascular space involvement in endometrial cancer: an aid to the sentinel lymph node algorithm. Int J Gynecol cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. 2020 Jun;30(6):806–12.
  • Logani S, Herdman A V, Little J V, Moller KA. Vascular “pseudo invasion” in laparoscopic hysterectomy specimens: a diagnostic pitfall. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008 Apr;32(4):560–5.
  • Hopkins MR, Richmond AM, Cheng G, et al. Lymphovascular space invasion in robotic surgery for endometrial cancer. JSLS J Soc Laparoendosc Surg. 2014;18(3).
  • Machida H, Hom MS, Adams CL, et al. Intrauterine Manipulator Use During Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy and Risk of Lymphovascular Space Invasion in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Gynecol cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. 2018 Feb;28(2):208–19.
  • Stålberg K, Bjurberg M, Borgfeldt C, et al. Lymphovascular space invasion as a predictive factor for lymph node metastases and survival in endometrioid endometrial cancer - a Swedish Gynecologic Cancer Group (SweGCG) study. Acta Oncol. 2019 Nov;58(11):1628–33.
  • Widschwendter P, Bauer E, De Gregorio N, et al. Influence of Prognostic Factors on Lymph Node Involvement in Endometrial Cancer: A Single-Center Experience. Int J Gynecol cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. 2018 Jul;28(6):1145–52.
  • Sari ME, Yalcin İ, Sahin H, Meydanli MM, Gungor T. Risk factors for paraaortic lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2017 Oct;22(5):937–44.
  • Momtahan M, Hosseini M, Robati M, Najib F. Predictive Value of Kanagawa Cancer Center Scoring System for Lymph Node Metastasis and Need for Lymphadenectomy in Patients With Endometrial Cancer: A Validation Study. Int J Gynecol cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. 2018 Sep;28(7):1290–6.
  • Anton C, E Silva AS, Baracat EC, et al. A novel model to estimate lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2017 Jan;72(1):30–5.
  • Cetinkaya K, Atalay F. Peritoneal cytology in endometrial cancer. Tumori. 2015;101(6):697–700.
  • Ben-Arie A, Tamir S, Dubnik S, et al. Does hysteroscopy affect prognosis in apparent early-stage endometrial cancer? Int J Gynecol cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. 2008;18(4):813–9.
  • Al-Talib A, Nezhat F, Tulandi T. The role of hysteroscopy in diagnosis and management of endometrial cancer. Gynecol Surg [Internet]. 2010;7(3):211–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10397-010-0604-1
  • Zhang C, Havrilesky LJ, Broadwater G, et al. Relationship between minimally invasive hysterectomy, pelvic cytology, and lymph vascular space invasion: a single institution study of 458 patients. Gynecol Oncol. 2014 May;133(2):211–5.
  • Tanaka T, Terai Y, Maeda K, et al. Intraperitoneal cytology after laparoscopic hysterectomy in patients with endometrial cancer: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jul;96(27):e7502.
  • Abu-Rustum NR, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, et al. The revised 2009 FIGO staging system for endometrial cancer: should the 1988 FIGO stages IA and IB be altered? Int J Gynecol Cancer [Internet]. 2011 Apr;21(3):511–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21436699
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Surgery (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Orkun İlgen 0000-0002-0296-8504

Sefa Kurt 0000-0002-5144-0634

Eyuphan Ozgozen 0000-0003-3395-3222

Egehan Bilen 0000-0001-3951-3458

Emine Çağnur Ulukuş 0000-0003-3023-9218

Submission Date September 1, 2025
Acceptance Date December 3, 2025
Publication Date March 9, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1774802
IZ https://izlik.org/JA49HF59TM
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 65 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver 1.Orkun İlgen, Sefa Kurt, Eyuphan Ozgozen, Egehan Bilen, Emine Çağnur Ulukuş. Effect of dilation and curettage procedure on endometrial cancer invasion and spread. EJM. 2026 Mar. 1;65(1):114-21. doi:10.19161/etd.1774802

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