Erythema migrans in Lyme disease: Diagnostic challenge without tick bite history
Abstract
Erythema migrans, the hallmark rash of early Lyme borreliosis, is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and transmitted through the bite of infected Ixodes species ticks. We report a case of a 25-year-old woman with no history of tick bite who presented with pruritic annular erythematous plaques on the lower extremities following recent travel to a Lyme-endemic region. Serological testing revealed elevated Borrelia burgdorferi IgM antibodies, and Western blot analysis corroborated the diagnosis of early disseminated Lyme disease. This case highlights the importance of suspecting Lyme borreliosis in patients presenting with characteristic skin lesions and relevant travel history, even in the absence of a recalled tick bite. Given the risk of progression to serious late-stage complications, including arthritis, neuropathy, and carditis, prompt clinical recognition and early initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy are essential to minimize morbidity.
Keywords
- Lyme borreliosis
- erythema migrans
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- pruritic rash
- travel medicine
- vector-borne infection
Supporting Institution
Ethical Statement
Thanks
References
- 1. Mahajan VK. Lyme Disease: An Overview. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2023;14(5):594-604.
- 2. Petrulionienė A, Radzišauskienė D, Paulauskas A, Venalis A. Lyme Disease among Patients at an Ambulatory Unit in a Highly Endemic Country: Lithuania. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021;57(2):184.
- 3. Ahrabi SZ, Pınarlık F, Akyıldız G, Kuşkucu M, Kar S, Ergönül Ö, et al. Human tick biting and tick-borne disease risk in Türkiye: Systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025;19(6):e0013092.
- 4. Song J, Dong Y, Zhang Y, et al. Seroprevalence of Lyme Disease in Asian Human Populations: A Systematic Review and Met-Analysis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2025;25(7):444-53.
- 5. Arslan N, Gozdas HT, Yaman K, Karabory S. Frequency of Lyme disease in patients with tick contact and identification of ticks from Bolu province of Turkey. J Vector Borne Dis. 2024;61(3):452-60.
- 6. Sanchez E, Vannier E, Wormser GP, Hu LT. Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Lyme Disease, Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis: A Review. JAMA. 2016;315(16):1767-77.
- 7. Juckett G. Arthropod bites. Am Fam Physician. 2013;88(12):841-7.
- 8. Mullegger RR. Dermatological manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. Eur J Dermatol. 2004;14(5):296-309.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Emergency Medicine, Dermatology
Journal Section
Case Report
Publication Date
September 3, 2026
Submission Date
January 12, 2026
Acceptance Date
May 18, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 65 Number: 3