Association of physical activity level and body mass index with periodontal disease severity: A cross-sectional study

Deniz Gençay Yıldırım; Ece Açıkgöz Alparslan; Ali Yılmaz

doi:10.19161/etd.1971646

EN TR

Association of physical activity level and body mass index with periodontal disease severity: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Aim: This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship of physical activity (PA) level and body mass index (BMI) with periodontal disease severity in adults. Materials and Methods: The study included 200 patients aged 18-65 years. Demographic data, systemic conditions, smoking status, oral hygiene practices, and dental attendance patterns were recorded. PA level was determined using the Turkish version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized as low, moderate, or high. Periodontal status was assessed using clinical periodontal measurements and panoramic radiographs, and participants were classified as having gingivitis, stage I/II periodontitis, or stage III/IV periodontitis. BMI was categorized as underweight/normal weight, overweight, or obese/extremely obese. Statistical analyses included chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests, as well as correlation analysis. Statistical significance was accepted at p<0.05. Results: The periodontal groups comprised 115 patients with gingivitis, 24 with stage I/II periodontitis, and 61 with stage III/IV periodontitis. Age, education level, cardiovascular disease, dental visit frequency, and BMI were significantly related to periodontal status (p<0.05). PA level was not significantly related to periodontal status (p=0.146). Age, education level, cardiovascular disease, periodontal status, and PA level varied significantly across BMI categories. Higher BMI categories were linked to more advanced periodontal status and lower PA level (p<0.05). Conclusion: BMI was associated with periodontal disease severity, whereas PA level was not directly associated with periodontal status. Differences in PA level across BMI categories suggest that lifestyle-related factors and body weight status can contribute to periodontal risk assessment.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Project Number

Yoktur

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Trakya University Non-Interventional Scientific Research Ethics Committee with the approval number TÜTF-GOBAEK 2024/201. All participants were informed about the study procedures, and written informed consent was obtained prior to participation. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mediha Büyükgöze Dindar for her valuable contribution to the statistical analysis and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Meltem Tekbaş Atay for her academic support throughout the study.

Fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve beden kitle indeksi ile periodontal hastalık şiddeti arasındaki ilişki: Kesitsel bir çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu kesitsel çalışmada, yetişkin bireylerde fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve beden kitle indeksinin periodontal hastalık şiddeti ile ilişkisi değerlendirildi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18–65 yaş aralığında 200 hasta dahil edildi. Katılımcıların demografik verileri, sistemik durumları, sigara kullanımı, ağız hijyeni uygulamaları ve diş hekimi ziyaret alışkanlıkları kaydedildi. Fiziksel aktivite düzeyi, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi’nin Türkçe versiyonu ile belirlendi ve düşük, orta veya yüksek olarak sınıflandırıldı. Periodontal durum, klinik periodontal ölçümler ve panoramik radyografilerle değerlendirildi; katılımcılar gingivitis, evre I/II periodontitis veya evre III/IV periodontitis olarak gruplandırıldı. Beden kitle indeksi düşük kilolu/normal kilolu, fazla kilolu ve obez/aşırı obez olarak sınıflandırıldı. Veriler ki-kare, Kruskal-Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U testleri ile korelasyon analizi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Periodontal gruplar 115 gingivitisli, 24 evre I/II periodontitisli ve 61 evre III/IV periodontitisli hastadan oluştu. Yaş, eğitim düzeyi, kardiyovasküler hastalık, diş hekimi ziyaret sıklığı ve beden kitle indeksi periodontal durum ile anlamlı ilişki gösterdi (p<0,05). Fiziksel aktivite düzeyi periodontal durum ile anlamlı ilişkili değildi (p=0,146). Yaş, eğitim düzeyi, kardiyovasküler hastalık, periodontal durum ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyi beden kitle indeksi kategorilerine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdi. Daha yüksek beden kitle indeksi kategorileri daha ileri periodontal durum ve daha düşük fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile ilişkiliydi (p<0,05). Sonuç: Beden kitle indeksi periodontal hastalık şiddeti ile ilişkili bulunurken, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi periodontal durum ile doğrudan ilişkili bulunmadı. Beden kitle indeksi kategorilerine göre fiziksel aktivite düzeyindeki farklılık, yaşam tarzı ile ilişkili özelliklerin ve vücut ağırlığı durumunun periodontal risk değerlendirmesine katkı sağlayabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Yoktur

Project Number

Yoktur

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, Trakya Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Bilimsel Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından TÜTF-GOBAEK 2024/201 onay numarası ile kabul edilmiştir. Tüm katılımcılar çalışma prosedürleri hakkında bilgilendirilmiş ve katılımdan önce yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onamları alınmıştır. Çalışma, Helsinki Bildirgesi ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür.

Thanks

Yazarlar, istatistiksel analiz konusundaki değerli katkıları için Doç. Dr. Mediha Büyükgöze Dindar’a ve çalışma sürecindeki akademik desteği için Doç. Dr. Meltem Tekbaş Atay’a teşekkür eder.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Clinical Sciences (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Deniz Gençay Yıldırım
0009-0007-9036-5589
Türkiye

Ece Açıkgöz Alparslan ^*
0000-0003-4560-6156
Türkiye

Ali Yılmaz
0000-0003-2277-8772
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 3, 2026

Submission Date

June 15, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 20, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 65 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1971646

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA26RP94TW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Gençay Yıldırım, D., Açıkgöz Alparslan, E., & Yılmaz, A. (2026). Association of physical activity level and body mass index with periodontal disease severity: A cross-sectional study. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 65(3), 563-571. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1971646

AMA

1.Gençay Yıldırım D, Açıkgöz Alparslan E, Yılmaz A. Association of physical activity level and body mass index with periodontal disease severity: A cross-sectional study. EJM. 2026;65(3):563-571. doi:10.19161/etd.1971646

Chicago

Gençay Yıldırım, Deniz, Ece Açıkgöz Alparslan, and Ali Yılmaz. 2026. “Association of Physical Activity Level and Body Mass Index With Periodontal Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Ege Tıp Dergisi 65 (3): 563-71. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1971646.

EndNote

Gençay Yıldırım D, Açıkgöz Alparslan E, Yılmaz A (September 1, 2026) Association of physical activity level and body mass index with periodontal disease severity: A cross-sectional study. Ege Tıp Dergisi 65 3 563–571.

IEEE

[1]D. Gençay Yıldırım, E. Açıkgöz Alparslan, and A. Yılmaz, “Association of physical activity level and body mass index with periodontal disease severity: A cross-sectional study”, EJM, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 563–571, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.19161/etd.1971646.

ISNAD

Gençay Yıldırım, Deniz - Açıkgöz Alparslan, Ece - Yılmaz, Ali. “Association of Physical Activity Level and Body Mass Index With Periodontal Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Ege Tıp Dergisi 65/3 (September 1, 2026): 563-571. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1971646.

JAMA

1.Gençay Yıldırım D, Açıkgöz Alparslan E, Yılmaz A. Association of physical activity level and body mass index with periodontal disease severity: A cross-sectional study. EJM. 2026;65:563–571.

MLA

Gençay Yıldırım, Deniz, et al. “Association of Physical Activity Level and Body Mass Index With Periodontal Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Ege Tıp Dergisi, vol. 65, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 563-71, doi:10.19161/etd.1971646.

Vancouver

1.Deniz Gençay Yıldırım, Ece Açıkgöz Alparslan, Ali Yılmaz. Association of physical activity level and body mass index with periodontal disease severity: A cross-sectional study. EJM. 2026 Sep. 1;65(3):563-71. doi:10.19161/etd.1971646