Abstract
Amaç: Pandemi sürecinde gerek iletişim gerek bilgilenme amacı ile sosyal medya maruziyeti artmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı koronavirüs anksiyetesi ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tek merkezli, kesitsel tipte olan araştırmaya Gaziosmanpaşa Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Polikliniği’ne 15 Eylül 2020- 15 Ekim 2020 tarihleri arasında başvuran 297 hasta alındı. Katılımcılara Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği (KAÖ) kısa formu, Hasta Sağlık Anketi-9 (PHQ-9), Bergen Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (BSMBÖ) uygulandı. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizleri için IBM SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM SPSS, Türkiye) programı kullanıldı. Anlamlılık p≤0,05 düzeyinde değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Ortalama yaşı 37,30±13,86 yıl ve %66 ‘ı (n:196) kadın, %34’ü (n:101) erkek olan 297 hastanın %11,8’inde (n= 35) koronavirus anksiyetesi, %23,2’sinde (n= 69) olası depresyon ve %9,1’inde (n= 27) sosyal medya bağımlılığı izlenmiştir. KAÖ puanı ortalaması 3,06±3,71, PHQ-9 puanı ortalaması 5,13±5,87, BSMBÖ puanı ortalaması 11,15±4,99 saptanmıştır. PHQ-9 puanının sırasıyla KAÖ (p= 0,043; r= 0,118) ve BSMBÖ (p= 0,004; r= 0,166) puanı arttıkça arttığı gözlenmiştir. KAÖ ile BSMBÖ puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki gözlenmemiştir (p= 0,525; r= -0,037). Düşük eğitim düzeyinin (ilkokul / ortaokul) KAÖ puanı üzerine 2,7 kat risk arttırıcı (OR= 2,691; C.I.= 1,300-5,571; p= 0,008) etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Koronavirus anksiyetesi görülenlerle görülmeyenlerin sosyal medya bağımlılık sıklığının benzer olması, medya kaynaklı artan bilgi maruziyetinde korkulduğu gibi koronavirus anksiyetesinin artmayabileceğini, eğitim düzeyinin asıl risk faktörü olduğunu göstermiştir.
References
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- Wiederhold BK. Using social media to our advantage: alleviating anxiety during a pandemic. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2020; 23 (4): 197- 8. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.29180.bkw
- Bendau A, Petzold MB, Pyrkosch L, et al. Associations between COVID-19 related media consumption and symptoms of anxiety, depression and COVID-19 related fear in the general population in Germany. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021; 271 (2): 283-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01171-6
- Lee SA. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Stud. 2020; 44 (7): 393-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
- Biçer İ, Çakmak C, Demir H, et al. Koronavirüs anksiyete ölçeği kısa formu: Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Anatol Clin. 2020; 25 (Special Issue on COVID 19): 216-25.
- Andreassen CS, Billieux J, Griffiths MD, et al. The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychol Addict Behav. 2016; 30 (2): 252. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
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- Sari YE, Kokoglu B, Balcioglu H et al. Turkish reliability of the patient health questionnaire-9. Biomed Res (Aligarh). 2016;27:S460-S2.
- Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health. 2020; 16 (1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
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- Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Carbajal-León C, et al. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: New psychometric evidence for the Spanish version based on CFA and IRT models in a Peruvian sample. Death Stud. 2021:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1865480
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- Zhong B, Jiang Z, Xie W, et al. Association of social media use with mental health conditions of nonpatients during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Insights from a national survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22 (12): e23696. https://doi.org/10.2196/23696
- Ni MY, Yang L, Leung CM, et al. Mental health, risk factors, and social media use during the COVID-19 epidemic and cordon sanitaire among the community and health professionals in Wuhan, China: cross-sectional survey. JMIR Ment Health. 2020; 7 (5): e19009. https://doi.org/10.2196/19009
- Tang F, Liang J, Zhang H, et al. COVID-19 related depression and anxiety among quarantined respondents. Psychol Health. 2021; 36 (2): 164-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2020.1782410
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- Mazza C, Ricci E, Biondi S, et al. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: immediate psychological responses and associated factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17 (9): 3165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165
- Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020; 277: 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
- Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17 (5): 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
- Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020; 66 (5): 504-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051
Abstract
Aim: During the pandemic process, social media exposure has increased for both communication and information purposes. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between coronavirus anxiety and social media addiction.
Materials and Methods: In this single-center, cross-sectional search, 297 patients who applied to Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic between September 15, 2020, and October 15, 2020 were included.
The short form of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) were administered to the participants. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM SPSS, Turkey) program was used for statistical analysis of the obtained data. Significance was evaluated at the p≤0.05 level.
Results: Of 297 patients with a mean age of 37.30±13.86 years old, 66% of cases was (n=196) female, 34% was (n=101) male. 11.8% (n= 35) of cases had coronavirus anxiety, 23.2% (n= 69) had probable depression and 9.1% (n= 27) had social media addiction. The mean CAS score was 3.06±3.71, the mean PHQ-9 score was 5.13±5.87, and the mean BSMAS score was 11.15±4.99. It was observed that the PHQ-9 score increased as the CSA (p= 0.043; r=0.118) and BSMAS (p= 0.004; r= 0.166) scores increased. No significant correlation was observed between CSA and BSMAS scores (p= 0.525; r=-0.037). It was found that low education level (primary school/secondary school) had a 2.7 times increasing effect (OR= 2.691; C.I.= 1.300-5.571; p= 0.008) on the CSA score.
Conclusion: The fact that the frequency of social media addiction is similar between those who have coronavirus anxiety and those who are not, has shown that coronavirus anxiety may not increase as feared in the increased exposure to information from the social media. Education level is the main risk factor.
Keywords
References
- Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, et al. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr. 2020; 33 (2). https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
- Xiang Y-T, Yang Y, Li W, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):228-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366 (20) 30046-8
- Keramarou M, Cottrell S, Evans M, et al. Two waves of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Wales–the possible impact of media coverage on consultation rates, April–December 2009. Euro Surveill. 2011; 16 (3): 19772. https://doi.org/10.2807/ese.16.03.19772-en
- Wiederhold BK. Using social media to our advantage: alleviating anxiety during a pandemic. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2020; 23 (4): 197- 8. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.29180.bkw
- Bendau A, Petzold MB, Pyrkosch L, et al. Associations between COVID-19 related media consumption and symptoms of anxiety, depression and COVID-19 related fear in the general population in Germany. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021; 271 (2): 283-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01171-6
- Lee SA. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Stud. 2020; 44 (7): 393-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
- Biçer İ, Çakmak C, Demir H, et al. Koronavirüs anksiyete ölçeği kısa formu: Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Anatol Clin. 2020; 25 (Special Issue on COVID 19): 216-25.
- Andreassen CS, Billieux J, Griffiths MD, et al. The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychol Addict Behav. 2016; 30 (2): 252. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
- Demirci I. The adaptation of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale to Turkish and its evaluation of relationship with depression and anxiety symptoms/Bergen Sosyal Medya Bagimliligi Olceginin Turkceye uyarlanmasi, depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileriyle iliskisinin degerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2019; 20 (SI 1): 15-23. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.41585
- Sari YE, Kokoglu B, Balcioglu H et al. Turkish reliability of the patient health questionnaire-9. Biomed Res (Aligarh). 2016;27:S460-S2.
- Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health. 2020; 16 (1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
- Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res.. 2020;288:112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
- Evren C, Evren B, Dalbudak E, et al. Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: A Turkish validation study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Death Stud. 2020:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1774969
- Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Carbajal-León C, et al. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: New psychometric evidence for the Spanish version based on CFA and IRT models in a Peruvian sample. Death Stud. 2021:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1865480
- Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, et al. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Health Med. 2021; 26 (1): 13-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1746817
- Fancourt D, Steptoe A, Bu F. Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal observational study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021; 8 (2): 141-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30482-X
- Zhang J, Lu H, Zeng H, et al. The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 49-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.031
- Choi KW, Kim YK, Jeon HJ. Comorbid Anxiety and Depression: Clinical and Conceptual Consideration and Transdiagnostic Treatment. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2020; 1191: 219-235. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_14. PMID: 32002932
- Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, et al. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS One. 2020; 15 (4): e0231924. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231924
- González-Padilla DA, Tortolero-Blanco L. Social media influence in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int Braz J Urol. 2020; 46 (Supp. 1): 120-4. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.s120-124
- Zhong B, Jiang Z, Xie W, et al. Association of social media use with mental health conditions of nonpatients during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Insights from a national survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22 (12): e23696. https://doi.org/10.2196/23696
- Ni MY, Yang L, Leung CM, et al. Mental health, risk factors, and social media use during the COVID-19 epidemic and cordon sanitaire among the community and health professionals in Wuhan, China: cross-sectional survey. JMIR Ment Health. 2020; 7 (5): e19009. https://doi.org/10.2196/19009
- Tang F, Liang J, Zhang H, et al. COVID-19 related depression and anxiety among quarantined respondents. Psychol Health. 2021; 36 (2): 164-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2020.1782410
- Stanton R, To QG, Khalesi S, et al. Depression, anxiety and stress during COVID-19: associations with changes in physical activity, sleep, tobacco and alcohol use in Australian adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17 (11): 4065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114065
- Kavaklı M, Ak M, Uğuz F, et al. The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived COVID-19 threat and death anxiety. Turkish J Clinical Psychiatry. 2020; 23 (Supp): 15-23.
- Mazza C, Ricci E, Biondi S, et al. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: immediate psychological responses and associated factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17 (9): 3165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165
- Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020; 277: 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
- Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17 (5): 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
- Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020; 66 (5): 504-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 12, 2022 |
| Submission Date | September 7, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 |
Cited By
Did healthy life awareness affect the behavioral or cognitive avoidance attitude from COVID-19? An observational study
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2066_22