Evaluation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 RNA in tear specimens of hospitalised patients with confirmed novel Coronavirus disease 2019
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to detect the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 RNA in the tears of patients with confirmed novel Coronavirus disease 2019.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed at Health Science University Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar City Hospital between 13-21 May 2020. Nasopharyngeal and tear samples of 15 patients with novel Coronavirus disease 2019 was performed for real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Ocular and systemic signs and symptoms, chest computed tomographic scans, and results of laboratory blood tests as well as the drugs used for the treatment were noted and analyzed.
Results: Of the 15 patients nine (60%) were male and six (40%) were female. Mean age of the patients was 53.86±20.20 (21-89) years. Among them nine patients (60%) were positive for novel coronavirus disease 2019 on real-time polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal specimens. None of the patients was positive for real-time polymerase chain reaction for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in tear specimens. Only two of 15 patients had bilateral conjunctivitis. These two patients had positive results for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 on real-time polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal swabs.
Conclusion: In this study Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 RNA could not be detected in the tear samples of the patients with confirmed novel Coronavirus disease 2019 with or without ocular symptoms and signs.
Keywords
References
- Huang C., Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10223): 497-506.
- Fu L, Wang B, Yuan T, Chen X, Ao Y, Fitzpatrick T, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect 2020; 80 (6): 656-65.
- World Health Organization. Origin of SARS-CoV-2 (26 March 2020) https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/who-recommendations-to-reduce-risk-of-transmission-of-emerging-pathogens-from-animals-to-humans-in-live-animal-markets
- Worldometers.info/coronavirus/[updated27.4.2021]. Available from: worldometers.info/coronavirus/ #countries
- Mackenzie JS, Smith DW. COVID-19: a novel zoonotic disease caused by a coronavirus from China: what we know and what we don’t. Microbiol Aust 2020;MA 20013. Online ahead of print.
- Seah I, Agrawal R. Can the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eyes? A review of Coronaviruses and ocular implications in humans and animals. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 28 (3): 391-5.
- Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically-proven protease inhibitör. Cell 2020; 181 (2): 271-80.
- Seah IYJ, Anderson DE, Kang AEZ, Wang L, Rao P, Young BE, et al. Assessing viral shedding and infectivity of tears in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Ophthalmology. 2020; 127 (7): 977-9.
- Deng C, Yang Y, Chen H, Chen W, Chen Z, Ma K, et al. Ocular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in 114 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: an observational study (2719/2020). Preprints. 3543587.
- Azzolini C, Donati S, Premi E, Baj A, Siracusa C, Genoni A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 on ocular surfaces in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 from the Lombardy Region, Italy. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021 Mar 4: e205464. Doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5464. Online ahead of print.
- Xia J, Tong J, Liu M, Shen Y, Guo D. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2020; 92 (6): 589-94.
- Zhang X, Chen X, Chen L, Deng C, Zou X, Liu W, et al. The evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2020; 18 (3): 360-2.
- Kaya H, Caliskan A, Okul M, Sarı T, Akbudak İH. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in tears and conjunctival secretions of Coronavirus disease 2019 patients. J Infect Dev Ctries 2020; 14 (9): 977-81.
- Arora R, Goel R, Kumar S, Chhabra M, Saxena S, Manchanda V, et al. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in tears of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Ophthalmology. 2021; 128 (4): 494-503.
- Karimi S, Arabi A, Shahraki T, Safi S. Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the tears of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019. Eye (Lond). 2020; 34 (7): 1220-3.
- Zhou Y, Duan C, Zeng Y, Tong Y, Nie Y, Yang Y, et al. Ocular findings and proportion with conjunctival SARS-COV-2 in COVID-19 patients. Ophthalmology. 2020; 127 (7): 982-3.
- Atum M, Boz AAE, Cakır B, Karabay O, Koroglu M, Ogutlu A, et al. Evaluation of conjunctival swab PCR results in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 28 (5): 745-8.
- K, Aşıkgarip N, Hızmalı L, Sezgin FM, Şahin Y. Evaluation of nasopharyngeal and conjunctival swab samples of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 1-4.
- Kumar KK, Sampritha UC, Akshata AP, Karishma A, Chandraprabha S, Neeraja TG, et al. Ophthalmic manifestations in the COVID-19 clinical spectrum. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69(3):691-4.
- Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, Liang L, Huang H, Hog Z, et al. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl J Med 2020; 382 (12): 1177-9.
- Memish ZA, Al- Tawfiq JA, Makhdoom HQ, Assiri A, Alhakeem RF, Albarrak A, et al. Respiratory tract samples, viral load, and genome fraction yield in patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome. J Infect Dis 2014; 210: 1590-4.
- Liang L, Wu P. There may be virus in conjunctival secretions of patients with COVID-19. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98 (3): 223.
- Wu P, Duan F, Luo C, Liu Q, Qu X, Liang L, et al. Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020; 138 (5): 575-8.
- Yan A. Chinese expert who came down with Wuhan coronavirus after saying it was controllable thinks he was infected through his eyes China: South China morning post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3047394/chinese-expert-who-came-downwuhan-coronavirus-after-saying-it-was. 2020.
- Cheema M, Aghazadeh H, Nazarali S, Ting A, Hodges J, McFarlane A, et al. Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Can J Ophthalmol 2020; 55 (4): 125-9.
- Guan W-J, Ni Z-Y, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382 (18): 1708-20.
Hastanede yatan yeni Coronavirus 2019 hastalarının gözyaşı örneklerinde Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 RNA’larının değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Yeni Coronavirus 2019 hastalarının gözyaşlarında Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 RNA’sının varlığını tespit etmeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu prospektif çalışma Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Şehir Hastanesi’nde 13-21 Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirildi. Real-time polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu testi için yeni Coronavirus 2019 hastalığı olan 15 hastanın nazofarengeal ve gözyaşı örnekleri alındı. Oküler ve sistemik belirti ve bulgular, göğüs bilgisayarlı tomografi taramaları ve tedavi için kullanılan ilaçların yanı sıra laboratuvar testlerinin sonuçları kaydedildi.
Bulgular: Onbeş hastanın dokuzu (60%) erkek, altısı (40%) kadındı. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 53.86±20.20 (21-89) idi. Dokuz hastanın (60%) nazofarengeal örneklerinde yeni Coronavirus 2019 hastalığı için real-time polimeraz zincir reaksiyon testi pozitifti. Hiçbir hastanın gözyaşı örneğinde Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 real-time polimeraz zincir reaksiyon testi pozitif değildi. Onbeş hastanın sadece ikisinde bilateral konjonktivit mevcuttu. Bu iki hastanın nazofarengeal örneklerinde Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 real-time polimeraz zincir reaksiyon testinin sonucu pozitifti.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada oküler belirti ve bulgusu olsun ya da olmasın yeni Coronavirus 2019 hastalarının gözyaşı örneklerinde Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 RNA tespit edilememiştir.
Keywords
References
- Huang C., Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10223): 497-506.
- Fu L, Wang B, Yuan T, Chen X, Ao Y, Fitzpatrick T, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect 2020; 80 (6): 656-65.
- World Health Organization. Origin of SARS-CoV-2 (26 March 2020) https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/who-recommendations-to-reduce-risk-of-transmission-of-emerging-pathogens-from-animals-to-humans-in-live-animal-markets
- Worldometers.info/coronavirus/[updated27.4.2021]. Available from: worldometers.info/coronavirus/ #countries
- Mackenzie JS, Smith DW. COVID-19: a novel zoonotic disease caused by a coronavirus from China: what we know and what we don’t. Microbiol Aust 2020;MA 20013. Online ahead of print.
- Seah I, Agrawal R. Can the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eyes? A review of Coronaviruses and ocular implications in humans and animals. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 28 (3): 391-5.
- Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically-proven protease inhibitör. Cell 2020; 181 (2): 271-80.
- Seah IYJ, Anderson DE, Kang AEZ, Wang L, Rao P, Young BE, et al. Assessing viral shedding and infectivity of tears in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Ophthalmology. 2020; 127 (7): 977-9.
- Deng C, Yang Y, Chen H, Chen W, Chen Z, Ma K, et al. Ocular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in 114 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: an observational study (2719/2020). Preprints. 3543587.
- Azzolini C, Donati S, Premi E, Baj A, Siracusa C, Genoni A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 on ocular surfaces in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 from the Lombardy Region, Italy. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021 Mar 4: e205464. Doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5464. Online ahead of print.
- Xia J, Tong J, Liu M, Shen Y, Guo D. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2020; 92 (6): 589-94.
- Zhang X, Chen X, Chen L, Deng C, Zou X, Liu W, et al. The evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2020; 18 (3): 360-2.
- Kaya H, Caliskan A, Okul M, Sarı T, Akbudak İH. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in tears and conjunctival secretions of Coronavirus disease 2019 patients. J Infect Dev Ctries 2020; 14 (9): 977-81.
- Arora R, Goel R, Kumar S, Chhabra M, Saxena S, Manchanda V, et al. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in tears of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Ophthalmology. 2021; 128 (4): 494-503.
- Karimi S, Arabi A, Shahraki T, Safi S. Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the tears of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019. Eye (Lond). 2020; 34 (7): 1220-3.
- Zhou Y, Duan C, Zeng Y, Tong Y, Nie Y, Yang Y, et al. Ocular findings and proportion with conjunctival SARS-COV-2 in COVID-19 patients. Ophthalmology. 2020; 127 (7): 982-3.
- Atum M, Boz AAE, Cakır B, Karabay O, Koroglu M, Ogutlu A, et al. Evaluation of conjunctival swab PCR results in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 28 (5): 745-8.
- K, Aşıkgarip N, Hızmalı L, Sezgin FM, Şahin Y. Evaluation of nasopharyngeal and conjunctival swab samples of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 1-4.
- Kumar KK, Sampritha UC, Akshata AP, Karishma A, Chandraprabha S, Neeraja TG, et al. Ophthalmic manifestations in the COVID-19 clinical spectrum. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69(3):691-4.
- Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, Liang L, Huang H, Hog Z, et al. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl J Med 2020; 382 (12): 1177-9.
- Memish ZA, Al- Tawfiq JA, Makhdoom HQ, Assiri A, Alhakeem RF, Albarrak A, et al. Respiratory tract samples, viral load, and genome fraction yield in patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome. J Infect Dis 2014; 210: 1590-4.
- Liang L, Wu P. There may be virus in conjunctival secretions of patients with COVID-19. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98 (3): 223.
- Wu P, Duan F, Luo C, Liu Q, Qu X, Liang L, et al. Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020; 138 (5): 575-8.
- Yan A. Chinese expert who came down with Wuhan coronavirus after saying it was controllable thinks he was infected through his eyes China: South China morning post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3047394/chinese-expert-who-came-downwuhan-coronavirus-after-saying-it-was. 2020.
- Cheema M, Aghazadeh H, Nazarali S, Ting A, Hodges J, McFarlane A, et al. Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Can J Ophthalmol 2020; 55 (4): 125-9.
- Guan W-J, Ni Z-Y, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382 (18): 1708-20.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 13, 2022 |
| Submission Date | May 2, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022Volume: 61 Issue: 2 |
