Does COVID-19 pandemic change hand hygiene compliance among the medical students and residents? A comparative study from a university hospital
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to find out if there is statistically significant difference in self-reported hand hygiene compliance among Year-5 medical students, Year-6 medical students, and residents in Gazi University Faculty of Medicine between right before and after the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Turkiye.
Materials and Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were carried out to reveal self-reported hand hygiene compliance among participants right before and after the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Turkiye. Participants were Year-5 and Year-6 medical students and residents in Gazi University Faculty of Medicine. Convenience sampling was used. There were 833 participants in total. The survey form consists of 10 items that were constituted by examining World Health Organization guidelines on hand hygiene. The compliance scores before and after the first confirmed case were compared by performing T-Test.
Results: Out of 10 items, there was significant difference in Year-5 medical students’, Year-6 medical students’ and residents’ self-reported hand hygiene compliance scores between before and after the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in 6 items, 10 items, and 8 items, respectively (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Significant increase in hand hygiene compliance was found right after the COVID-19 outbreak when it compared to before. The main factor behind the improvement would be extremely high levels of perceived risk created by outbreak.
Keywords
References
- Cummings KL, Anderson DJ, Kaye KS. Hand hygiene noncompliance and the cost of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31 (4): 357-64.
- Srigley JA, Furness CD, Gardam M. Interventions to improve patient hand hygiene: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2016; 94 (1):23-9.
- Hugonnet S, Pittet D. Hand hygiene—beliefs or science?. J Clin Microbiol Infect 2000; 6 (7): 348-54.
- Erasmus V, Daha TJ, Brug H, et al. Systematic review of studies on compliance with hand hygiene guidelines in hospital care. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31 (3): 283-94.
- Kingston L, O'Connell NH, Dunne CP. Hand hygiene-related clinical trials reported since 2010: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2016; 92 (4): 309-20.
- Graf K, Chaberny IF, Vonberg RP. Beliefs about hand hygiene: A survey in medical students in their first clinical year. Am J Infect Control 2011; 39 (10): 885–8.
- Saito H, Timurkaynak F, Borzykowski T, et al. ―It’s in Your Hands–Prevent Sepsis in Health Care‖; 5th May 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands Campaign. Klimik Dergisi 2018; 31 (1): 2-3.
- Lotfinejad N, Peters A, Pittet D. Hand hygiene and the novel coronavirus pandemic: the role of healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105 (4): 776-7.
- Siordia Jr, JA. Epidemiology and Clinical Features of COVID-19: A Review of Current Literature. J Clin Virol 2020; 127. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104357
- World Health Organization. COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update 24 November 2020. Accessed 25 November 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update---24-november-2020
- BBC. Coronavirus: Greatest test since World War Two, says UN chief. Accessed 21 April 2020. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52114829
- Fung IC, Cairncross S. How often do you wash your hands? A review of studies of hand-washing practices in the community during and after the SARS outbreak in 2003. Int J Environ Health Res 2007; 17 (3): 161-83.
- Miao YY, Huang JH. Prevalence and associated psychosocial factors of increased hand hygiene practice during the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic: findings and prevention implications from a national survey in Taiwan. Trop Med Int Health 2012; 17 (5): 604-12.
- Al Najjar NS, Attar LM, Farahat FM, Al Thaqafi A. Psychobehavioural responses to the 2014 Middle East respiratory syndrome-novel corona virus [MERS CoV] among adults in two shopping malls in Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J 2016; 22 (11): 817-23.
- Wong TW, Tam WWS. Handwashing practice and the use of personal protective equipment among medical students after the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong. Am J Infect Control 2005; 33 (10): 580-6.
- Boyce J, Chartier Y, Chraiti M, et al. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization 2009.
- Ulu Kilic A, Kara F, Alp E, Doganay M. New threat: 2019 novel Coronavirus infection and infection control perspective in Turkiye. North Clin Istanb 2020; 7 (2): 95–8.
- Demirbilek Y, Pehlivantürk G, Özgüler ZÖ, Alp Meşe E. COVID-19 outbreak control, example of ministry of health of Turkiye. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50 (SI-1): 489-94.
- Coşkun Ö, Kıyak YS, Şık Ş, Toksöz F, Can A, Budakoğlu Iİ. Tıp Öğrencilerinin ve Tıpta Uzmanlık Öğrencilerinin El Hijyenine Bakışları [Views of Medical Students and Medical Specialty Trainees on Hand Hygiene]. Klimik Dergisi 2020; 33 (2): 153-6.
- Sullivan GM, Artino Jr AR. Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert-type scales. J Grad Med Educ 2013; 5 (4): 541-2.
- Fulchini R, Kohler P, Kahlert CR, et al. Hand hygiene adherence in relation to influenza season during 6 consecutive years. Am J Infect Control 2018; 46 (11): 1311-4.
- Labarca J, Zambrano A, Niklitschek S, et al. H1N1 pandemic influenza impact on hand hygiene and specific precautions compliance among healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect 2011; 79 (2): 177-9.
- Dos Santos RP, Konkewicz LR, Nagel F, et al. The 2009 H1N1 influenza a pandemic and hand hygiene practices in a hospital in the South of Brazil. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31 (12): 1313-5.
- Çalışkan F, Mıdık Ö, Baykan Z, et al. The knowledge level and perceptions toward COVID-19 among Turkish final year medical students. Postgrad Med 2020; 132 (8): 764-72.
- Erasmus V, Otto S, De Roos E, et al. Assessment of correlates of hand hygiene compliance among final year medical students: a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e029484. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029484
- Moore LD, Robbins G, Quinn J, Arbogast JW. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene performance in hospitals. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49 (1): 30-3.
- Kaur R, Razee H, Seale H. Facilitators and barriers around teaching concepts of hand hygiene to undergraduate medical students. J Hosp Infect 2014; 88 (1): 28-33.
- Furnham, A. Response bias, social desirability and dissimulation. Personal Individ Differ 1986; 7 (3):385-400.
COVID-19 Pandemisi tıp öğrencilerinin ve uzmanlık öğrencilerinin el hijyenine uyumunu değiştiriyor mu? Bir üniversite hastanesinden karşılaştırmalı çalışma
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de tespit edilen ilk COVID-19 vakasından hemen önce ve sonra, Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dönem 5 tıp öğrencileri, Dönem 6 tıp öğrencileri ve tıpta uzmanlık öğrencilerinin el hijyenine uyumlarına yönelik beyanlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişiklik olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte gerçekleştirilmiş olan bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de resmî olarak saptanan ilk COVID-19 vakasından hemen önce ve sonra, katılımcıların el hijyenine yönelik beyana dayalı uyumlarını ortaya çıkarmak için iki anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları, Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dönem 5 ve Dönem 6 öğrencileri ve tıpta uzmanlık öğrencileridir. Uygunluk örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Toplam katılımcı sayısı 833’tür. El hijyeni sağlama ile ilgili 10 madde içeren anket formu, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından geliştirilmiş olan el hijyenine dair rehberi incelenerek oluşturulmuştur. İlk vakadan önceki ve sonraki uyum puanları, T testi kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: 10 maddede Dönem 5 ve Dönem 6 tıp öğrencilerinin ve tıpta uzmanlık öğrencilerinin el hijyenini sağlamaya yönelik beyana dayalı puanlarında, resmî olarak ilk kez tespit edilen COVID-19 vakasından önce ve sonra sırasıyla altı, on ve sekiz maddede anlamlı farklılık vardı (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Öncesiyle karşılaştırıldığında, COVID-19 salgınının hemen sonrasında katılımcıların el hijyenine uyum beyanında anlamlı artış olduğu saptanmıştır. Söz konusu artışın sebebi, COVID-19 salgınının yarattığı çok yüksek düzeydeki risk algısı olabilir.
Keywords
References
- Cummings KL, Anderson DJ, Kaye KS. Hand hygiene noncompliance and the cost of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31 (4): 357-64.
- Srigley JA, Furness CD, Gardam M. Interventions to improve patient hand hygiene: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2016; 94 (1):23-9.
- Hugonnet S, Pittet D. Hand hygiene—beliefs or science?. J Clin Microbiol Infect 2000; 6 (7): 348-54.
- Erasmus V, Daha TJ, Brug H, et al. Systematic review of studies on compliance with hand hygiene guidelines in hospital care. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31 (3): 283-94.
- Kingston L, O'Connell NH, Dunne CP. Hand hygiene-related clinical trials reported since 2010: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2016; 92 (4): 309-20.
- Graf K, Chaberny IF, Vonberg RP. Beliefs about hand hygiene: A survey in medical students in their first clinical year. Am J Infect Control 2011; 39 (10): 885–8.
- Saito H, Timurkaynak F, Borzykowski T, et al. ―It’s in Your Hands–Prevent Sepsis in Health Care‖; 5th May 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands Campaign. Klimik Dergisi 2018; 31 (1): 2-3.
- Lotfinejad N, Peters A, Pittet D. Hand hygiene and the novel coronavirus pandemic: the role of healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105 (4): 776-7.
- Siordia Jr, JA. Epidemiology and Clinical Features of COVID-19: A Review of Current Literature. J Clin Virol 2020; 127. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104357
- World Health Organization. COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update 24 November 2020. Accessed 25 November 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update---24-november-2020
- BBC. Coronavirus: Greatest test since World War Two, says UN chief. Accessed 21 April 2020. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52114829
- Fung IC, Cairncross S. How often do you wash your hands? A review of studies of hand-washing practices in the community during and after the SARS outbreak in 2003. Int J Environ Health Res 2007; 17 (3): 161-83.
- Miao YY, Huang JH. Prevalence and associated psychosocial factors of increased hand hygiene practice during the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic: findings and prevention implications from a national survey in Taiwan. Trop Med Int Health 2012; 17 (5): 604-12.
- Al Najjar NS, Attar LM, Farahat FM, Al Thaqafi A. Psychobehavioural responses to the 2014 Middle East respiratory syndrome-novel corona virus [MERS CoV] among adults in two shopping malls in Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J 2016; 22 (11): 817-23.
- Wong TW, Tam WWS. Handwashing practice and the use of personal protective equipment among medical students after the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong. Am J Infect Control 2005; 33 (10): 580-6.
- Boyce J, Chartier Y, Chraiti M, et al. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization 2009.
- Ulu Kilic A, Kara F, Alp E, Doganay M. New threat: 2019 novel Coronavirus infection and infection control perspective in Turkiye. North Clin Istanb 2020; 7 (2): 95–8.
- Demirbilek Y, Pehlivantürk G, Özgüler ZÖ, Alp Meşe E. COVID-19 outbreak control, example of ministry of health of Turkiye. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50 (SI-1): 489-94.
- Coşkun Ö, Kıyak YS, Şık Ş, Toksöz F, Can A, Budakoğlu Iİ. Tıp Öğrencilerinin ve Tıpta Uzmanlık Öğrencilerinin El Hijyenine Bakışları [Views of Medical Students and Medical Specialty Trainees on Hand Hygiene]. Klimik Dergisi 2020; 33 (2): 153-6.
- Sullivan GM, Artino Jr AR. Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert-type scales. J Grad Med Educ 2013; 5 (4): 541-2.
- Fulchini R, Kohler P, Kahlert CR, et al. Hand hygiene adherence in relation to influenza season during 6 consecutive years. Am J Infect Control 2018; 46 (11): 1311-4.
- Labarca J, Zambrano A, Niklitschek S, et al. H1N1 pandemic influenza impact on hand hygiene and specific precautions compliance among healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect 2011; 79 (2): 177-9.
- Dos Santos RP, Konkewicz LR, Nagel F, et al. The 2009 H1N1 influenza a pandemic and hand hygiene practices in a hospital in the South of Brazil. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31 (12): 1313-5.
- Çalışkan F, Mıdık Ö, Baykan Z, et al. The knowledge level and perceptions toward COVID-19 among Turkish final year medical students. Postgrad Med 2020; 132 (8): 764-72.
- Erasmus V, Otto S, De Roos E, et al. Assessment of correlates of hand hygiene compliance among final year medical students: a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e029484. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029484
- Moore LD, Robbins G, Quinn J, Arbogast JW. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene performance in hospitals. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49 (1): 30-3.
- Kaur R, Razee H, Seale H. Facilitators and barriers around teaching concepts of hand hygiene to undergraduate medical students. J Hosp Infect 2014; 88 (1): 28-33.
- Furnham, A. Response bias, social desirability and dissimulation. Personal Individ Differ 1986; 7 (3):385-400.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 13, 2022 |
| Submission Date | August 31, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022Volume: 61 Issue: 2 |
