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The effects of lavender oil and ice applications used in episiotomy care on episiotomy pain

Year 2022, Volume: 61 Issue: 4, 626 - 635, 12.12.2022

Ayşe Eminov Oya Kavlak Elmin Eminov Ahmet Ergenoğlu İsmail Mete İtil

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1209135

Abstract

Aim: The present study investigates the effects of lavender oil and ice applications on episiotomy pain and wound healing.
Materials and Methods: This study was organized as a semi-randomized controlled type of research. A total of 96 term pregnant women who gave birth in the delivery service of Nazilli State Hospital and underwent episiotomy at birth, had a Visual Analog Skala (VAS) value greater than 3 and agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. The patient information form, the Visual Analog Scale, and the REEDA Scale were used for data collection. The research data was analyzed using number, percentage, the chi-square test, the Kruskal Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney U test, One-Way Anova test, Tukey HD test, and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test.
Results: The mean VAS values of the groups before the application were 7.90±0.92 for the lavender group, 8.29±1.03 for the ice group, and 8.00±1.00 for the control group. In addition, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the VAS values between the groups after the application (p<0.05), and the mean VAS values in the intervention groups decreased (Lavender group 6.84±1.08, ice group 5.70±1.53). While there was no statistically significant difference in the mean REEDA recovery scores between the groups before the application (p=0.912), there was a statistically significant difference in the REEDA recovery scores of the intervention groups and the control group after the application (p=0.000).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, lavender oil and ice applications used after labor reduce perineal pain and accelerate wound healing.

Keywords

Perineal pain lavender oil ice application

References

  • Taşkın L. Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği. Akademisyen Tıp Kitabevi. 2020: 378-9.
  • Dönmez S, Kavlak O. Effects of Prenatal Perineal Massage and Kegel Exercises on the Integrity of Postnatal Perine. Health, 7, 2015: 495-505. doi: 10.4236/health.2015.74059.
  • ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 71: Episiotomy. Obstetrics & Gynecology: April 2006 - Volume 107 - Issue 4 - p 956-62.
  • Graham ID, Carroli G, Davies C, Medves JM. Episiotomy rates around the world: an update. Birth. 2005 Sep;32(3):219-23. doi: 10.1111/j.0730-7659.2005.00373.x.
  • Klein MC, Gauthier RJ, Robbins JM, Kaczorowski J, Jorgensen SH, Franco ED, Johnson B, Waghorn K, Gelfand MM, Guralnick MS, et al. Relationship of episiotomy to perineal trauma and morbidity, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic floor relaxation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Sep;171(3):591-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(94)90070-1.
  • Erbaba H, Pinar G. Opinions and practices regarding with perineal trauma of primipar women: A qualitative study. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 2016: 26(2), 63.
  • Dereli Yilmaz S, Vural G, Bodur S. The effect of serum physiological and rivanol on the process of recovery during episiotomy care. Trak Univ Tip Fak Derg. 2010; cilt.27, sa.2, ss.172-7.
  • Sharma R. Effect Of Essential Oıl On Episiotomy Pain And Wound Healing-A Randomized Control Trial. worldwidejournals.org. 2019; Volume-8 | Issue-10 | PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8179 | DOI : 10.36106/ijsr
  • Sheikhan F, Jahdi F, Khoei EM, Shamsalizadeh N, Sheikhan M, Haghani H. Episiotomy pain relief: Use of Lavender oil essence in primiparous Iranian women. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2012 Feb;18(1):66-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2011.02.003. Epub 2011 Mar 16. Erratum in: Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2012 Aug;18(3):195.
  • East CE, Begg L, Henshall NE, Marchant PR, Wallace K. Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 16;(5):CD006304. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006304.pub3. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 9;10:CD006304.
  • Oliveira SM, Silva FM, Riesco ML, Latorre Mdo R, Nobre MR. Comparison of application times for ice packs used to relieve perineal pain after normal birth: a randomised clinical trial. J Clin Nurs. 2012 Dec;21(23-24):3382-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04195.x. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
  • Moradi, M., Niazi, A., Mazloumi, E., Mousavi, S., Lopez, V. Effect of Lavender on Episiotomy Wound Healing and Pain Relief: A Systematic Review. Evidence Based Care, 2020; 10(1): 61-9. doi: 10.22038/ebcj.2020.46285.2265
  • Albers LL, Borders N. Minimizing genital tract trauma and related pain following spontaneous vaginal birth. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2007 May-Jun;52(3):246-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2006.12.008.
  • Inouye S, Yamaguchi H, Takizawa T. Screening of the antibacterial effects of a variety of essential oils on respiratory tract pathogens, using a modified dilution assay method. J Infect Chemother. 2001 Dec;7(4):251-4. doi: 10.1007/s101560170022.
  • Nelson RR. In-vitro activities of five plant essential oils against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1997 Aug;40(2):305-6. doi: 10.1093/jac/40.2.305.
  • Üstünsöz A. Epizyotomi iyileşmesinde sıcak ve soğuk uygulamaların etkisi / The effects of won and cold application for episotomy healing. GATA / Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; Ankara, 1996.
  • Karaçam Z. Effects of episiotomy on sexual function in the postpartum period. Turkish J Res Dev Nurs. 2008 - Cilt/Vol: 10 - Sayı/No: 1
  • Kütük MS, Özgün MT, Uludağ S, Dolanbay M, Özdemir F, Uysal G, Öztürk A. Rutin Epizyotomi Uygulamasının Terk Edilmesi: Erciyes Üniversitesi Deneyimi. J Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2013;23(3):154-9.
  • Yıldız Karaahmet A, Yazıcı S. Epizyotomide Güncel Durumlar. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi. 2017; 4(1): 57-63.
  • Eti-Aslan F. Ağrı değerlendirme yöntemleri. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi. 2002; 6(1):9-16.
  • Karbanova J, Rusavy Z, Betincova L, Jansova M, Necesalova P, Kalis V. Clinical evaluation of early postpartum pain and healing outcomes after mediolateral versus lateral episiotomy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014 Nov;127(2):152-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.05.025.
  • de Souza Bosco Paiva C, Junqueira Vasconcellos de Oliveira SM, Amorim Francisco A, da Silva RL, de Paula Batista Mendes E, Steen M. Length of perineal pain relief after ice pack application: A quasi-experimental study. Women Birth. 2016 Apr;29(2):117-22. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2015.09.002.
  • Francisco AA, De Oliveira SMJV, Steen M, Nobre MRC, De Souza EV. Ice pack induced perineal analgesia after spontaneous vaginal birth: Randomized controlled trial. Women Birth. 2018 Oct;31(5):e334-e40. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2017.12.011.
  • East CE, Dorward ED, Whale RE, Liu J. Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 9;10(10):CD006304. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006304.pub4.
  • Vakilian K, Atarha M, Bekhradi R, Chaman R. Healing advantages of lavender essential oil during episiotomy recovery: a clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2011 Feb;17(1):50-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.05.006.
  • Khadivzadeh T, Molkizadeh M, Rakhshandeh M. P302 Evaluation of lavander cream effect on episiotomy pain and wound healing in primiparous women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2009;107:S498–9.
  • Shepherd E, Grivell RM. Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 24;7(7):CD012129. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012129.pub3.
  • He S, Jiang H, Qian X, Garner P. Women's experience of episiotomy: a qualitative study from China. BMJ Open. 2020 Jul 19;10(7):e033354. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033354.
  • Abalos E, Sguassero Y, Gyte GM. Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jan 8;1(1):CD008407. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008407.pub3.
  • Rahayu P. Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Ruptur Perineum Di Puskesmas Mergangsan Kota Yogyakarta Tahun 2014. Issn : 1907 - 3887, 2016:XI(April), 22–30.
  • Rogers RG, Borders N, Leeman LM, Albers LL. Does spontaneous genital tract trauma impact postpartum sexual function? J Midwifery Womens Health. 2009 Mar-Apr;54(2):98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2008.09.001.

Epizyotomi bakımında kullanılan lavanta yağı ve buz uygulamalarının epizyotomi ağrısına etkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 61 Issue: 4, 626 - 635, 12.12.2022

Ayşe Eminov Oya Kavlak Elmin Eminov Ahmet Ergenoğlu İsmail Mete İtil

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1209135

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, lavanta yağı ve buz uygulamalarının epizyotomi ağrısı ve yara iyileşmesi üzerine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma yarı randomize kontrollü araştırma türü olarak düzenlenmiştir. Nazilli Devlet Hastanesi doğum servisinde doğum yapan ve doğumda epizyotomi uygulanan, Görsel Analog Skala (VAS) değeri 3'ün üzerinde olan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden toplam 96 term gebe çalışmaya dahil edildi.
Verilerin toplanmasında hasta bilgi formu, Görsel Analog Skala ve REEDA Ölçeği kullanıldı. Araştırma verileri sayı, yüzde, ki-kare testi, Kruskal Wallis testi, Mann-Whitney U testi, One-Way Anova testi, Tukey HD testi ve Wilcoxon Signed Ranks testi kullanılarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Uygulama öncesi grupların ortalama VAS değerleri lavanta grubu için 7.90±0.92, buz grubu için 8.29±1.03 ve kontrol grubu için 8.00±1.00 idi. Ayrıca uygulama sonrası gruplar arasında VAS değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu (p<0.05) ve müdahale gruplarında ortalama VAS değerlerinin düştüğü (Lavanta grubu 6.84±1.08, buz grubu 5.70±1.53) bulundu). Uygulama öncesi gruplar arasında REEDA iyileşme puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmazken (p=0.912), uygulama sonrası müdahale grupları ve kontrol grubunun REEDA iyileşme puanlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı (p= 0,000).
Sonuç: Çalışmanın bulgularına göre doğum sonrası kullanılan lavanta yağı ve buz uygulamaları perine ağrısını azaltmakta ve yara iyileşmesini hızlandırmaktadır.

Keywords

Perine ağrısı lavanta yağı buz uygulaması

References

  • Taşkın L. Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği. Akademisyen Tıp Kitabevi. 2020: 378-9.
  • Dönmez S, Kavlak O. Effects of Prenatal Perineal Massage and Kegel Exercises on the Integrity of Postnatal Perine. Health, 7, 2015: 495-505. doi: 10.4236/health.2015.74059.
  • ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 71: Episiotomy. Obstetrics & Gynecology: April 2006 - Volume 107 - Issue 4 - p 956-62.
  • Graham ID, Carroli G, Davies C, Medves JM. Episiotomy rates around the world: an update. Birth. 2005 Sep;32(3):219-23. doi: 10.1111/j.0730-7659.2005.00373.x.
  • Klein MC, Gauthier RJ, Robbins JM, Kaczorowski J, Jorgensen SH, Franco ED, Johnson B, Waghorn K, Gelfand MM, Guralnick MS, et al. Relationship of episiotomy to perineal trauma and morbidity, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic floor relaxation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Sep;171(3):591-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(94)90070-1.
  • Erbaba H, Pinar G. Opinions and practices regarding with perineal trauma of primipar women: A qualitative study. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 2016: 26(2), 63.
  • Dereli Yilmaz S, Vural G, Bodur S. The effect of serum physiological and rivanol on the process of recovery during episiotomy care. Trak Univ Tip Fak Derg. 2010; cilt.27, sa.2, ss.172-7.
  • Sharma R. Effect Of Essential Oıl On Episiotomy Pain And Wound Healing-A Randomized Control Trial. worldwidejournals.org. 2019; Volume-8 | Issue-10 | PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8179 | DOI : 10.36106/ijsr
  • Sheikhan F, Jahdi F, Khoei EM, Shamsalizadeh N, Sheikhan M, Haghani H. Episiotomy pain relief: Use of Lavender oil essence in primiparous Iranian women. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2012 Feb;18(1):66-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2011.02.003. Epub 2011 Mar 16. Erratum in: Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2012 Aug;18(3):195.
  • East CE, Begg L, Henshall NE, Marchant PR, Wallace K. Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 16;(5):CD006304. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006304.pub3. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 9;10:CD006304.
  • Oliveira SM, Silva FM, Riesco ML, Latorre Mdo R, Nobre MR. Comparison of application times for ice packs used to relieve perineal pain after normal birth: a randomised clinical trial. J Clin Nurs. 2012 Dec;21(23-24):3382-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04195.x. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
  • Moradi, M., Niazi, A., Mazloumi, E., Mousavi, S., Lopez, V. Effect of Lavender on Episiotomy Wound Healing and Pain Relief: A Systematic Review. Evidence Based Care, 2020; 10(1): 61-9. doi: 10.22038/ebcj.2020.46285.2265
  • Albers LL, Borders N. Minimizing genital tract trauma and related pain following spontaneous vaginal birth. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2007 May-Jun;52(3):246-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2006.12.008.
  • Inouye S, Yamaguchi H, Takizawa T. Screening of the antibacterial effects of a variety of essential oils on respiratory tract pathogens, using a modified dilution assay method. J Infect Chemother. 2001 Dec;7(4):251-4. doi: 10.1007/s101560170022.
  • Nelson RR. In-vitro activities of five plant essential oils against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1997 Aug;40(2):305-6. doi: 10.1093/jac/40.2.305.
  • Üstünsöz A. Epizyotomi iyileşmesinde sıcak ve soğuk uygulamaların etkisi / The effects of won and cold application for episotomy healing. GATA / Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; Ankara, 1996.
  • Karaçam Z. Effects of episiotomy on sexual function in the postpartum period. Turkish J Res Dev Nurs. 2008 - Cilt/Vol: 10 - Sayı/No: 1
  • Kütük MS, Özgün MT, Uludağ S, Dolanbay M, Özdemir F, Uysal G, Öztürk A. Rutin Epizyotomi Uygulamasının Terk Edilmesi: Erciyes Üniversitesi Deneyimi. J Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2013;23(3):154-9.
  • Yıldız Karaahmet A, Yazıcı S. Epizyotomide Güncel Durumlar. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi. 2017; 4(1): 57-63.
  • Eti-Aslan F. Ağrı değerlendirme yöntemleri. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi. 2002; 6(1):9-16.
  • Karbanova J, Rusavy Z, Betincova L, Jansova M, Necesalova P, Kalis V. Clinical evaluation of early postpartum pain and healing outcomes after mediolateral versus lateral episiotomy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014 Nov;127(2):152-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.05.025.
  • de Souza Bosco Paiva C, Junqueira Vasconcellos de Oliveira SM, Amorim Francisco A, da Silva RL, de Paula Batista Mendes E, Steen M. Length of perineal pain relief after ice pack application: A quasi-experimental study. Women Birth. 2016 Apr;29(2):117-22. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2015.09.002.
  • Francisco AA, De Oliveira SMJV, Steen M, Nobre MRC, De Souza EV. Ice pack induced perineal analgesia after spontaneous vaginal birth: Randomized controlled trial. Women Birth. 2018 Oct;31(5):e334-e40. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2017.12.011.
  • East CE, Dorward ED, Whale RE, Liu J. Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 9;10(10):CD006304. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006304.pub4.
  • Vakilian K, Atarha M, Bekhradi R, Chaman R. Healing advantages of lavender essential oil during episiotomy recovery: a clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2011 Feb;17(1):50-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.05.006.
  • Khadivzadeh T, Molkizadeh M, Rakhshandeh M. P302 Evaluation of lavander cream effect on episiotomy pain and wound healing in primiparous women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2009;107:S498–9.
  • Shepherd E, Grivell RM. Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 24;7(7):CD012129. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012129.pub3.
  • He S, Jiang H, Qian X, Garner P. Women's experience of episiotomy: a qualitative study from China. BMJ Open. 2020 Jul 19;10(7):e033354. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033354.
  • Abalos E, Sguassero Y, Gyte GM. Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jan 8;1(1):CD008407. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008407.pub3.
  • Rahayu P. Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Ruptur Perineum Di Puskesmas Mergangsan Kota Yogyakarta Tahun 2014. Issn : 1907 - 3887, 2016:XI(April), 22–30.
  • Rogers RG, Borders N, Leeman LM, Albers LL. Does spontaneous genital tract trauma impact postpartum sexual function? J Midwifery Womens Health. 2009 Mar-Apr;54(2):98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2008.09.001.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayşe Eminov

Oya Kavlak

Elmin Eminov

Ahmet Ergenoğlu

İsmail Mete İtil

Publication Date December 12, 2022
Submission Date October 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022Volume: 61 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Eminov A, Kavlak O, Eminov E, Ergenoğlu A, İtil İM. The effects of lavender oil and ice applications used in episiotomy care on episiotomy pain. EJM. 2022;61(4):626-35.
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