Research Article
Examination of depression and perceived social support levels and affecting factors in hemodialysis patients
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate depression and perceived social support levels and affecting factors in hemodialysis patients
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross section study was conducted hemodialysis patients in two hemodialysis units. Patient identification forms representing the information, Beck Depression Inventory and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used for the data collection.
Results: It was found that hemodialysis patients was 44.7% of them had mild level depression, 20.4% of had medium depression and 1.6% of had severe depression. It was also identified that the multidimensional scale of perceived social support score average of hemodialysis patients was 63.91±14.2 The mean friend subscale score of the patients over the age of 60 was found to be low (p<0.05). In our study, the difference in the total BDI score average depending on the hemodialysis patients’gender was statistically detected as significant(p<0.01). The depression level of female patients was higher than that of male patients. There was a significant negative correlation between BDI total score and social support scale (r= -0.225, p= 0.000).
Conclusion: In this study, a negative relationship was found between social support and depression. High-risk patients (such as female gender, low education level, unemployed) should be screened for depression. Attempts to strengthen the social support networks of hemodialysis patients will contribute to the reduction of depression.
References
- Mitema D, Jaar BG. How can we improve the quality of life of dialysis patients. Semin Dial 2016; 29 (2): 93- 102.
- Pei M, Aguiar R, Pagels AA, Heimbürger O, Stenvinkel P, Bárány P, Qureshi AR. Health-related quality of life as predictor of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients: an observational study. BMC Nephrology 2019; 20 (1): 1-10.
- Stasiak CES, Bazan KS, Kuss RS, et al. Prevalence of anxiety and depression and its comorbidities in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. J. Bras. Nefrol 2014; 36(3): 325- 31.
- Kimmel PL, Cukor D, Cohen SD, et al. Depression in endstage renal disease patients: a critical review. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2007;14 (4): 328–34.
- Clark S, Farrington K, Chilcot J. Nonadherence in dialysis patients: prevalence, measurement, outcome, and psychological determinants. Semin Dial 2014; 27(1): 42-9.
- Loosman WL, Rottier MA, Honig A, et al. Association of depressive and anxiety symptoms with adverse events in dutch chronic kidney disease patients: a prospective cohort study. BMC. Nephrol 2015; 16 (1): 1-8.
- Chen SF, Wang IJ, Lang HC. Risk of major depression in patients with chronic renal failure on different treatment modalities: a matched‐cohort and population‐based study in Taiwan. Hemodial Int 2016; 20 (1): 98- 105.
- Davaridolatabadi E, Abdeyazdan G. The relation between perceived social support and anxiety in patients under hemodialysis. Electronic Physician 2016; 8(3): 21-44.
- Kara B, Çağlar K, Kılıç S. Nonadherence with diet and fluid restrictions and perceived social support in patients receiving hemodialysis. J Nurs Scholarsh 2007; 39(3): 243-8.
- Cohen SD, Sharma T, Acquaviva K, et al. Social support and chronic kidney disease: an update. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2007; 14(4): 335-44.
- Hisli N. Reliability and validity of Beck Depression Inventory in university students. Psikol Derg 1989; 23:3–13.
- Tezel A, Arslan S, Topal M, et al. The investigation of the problem solving skill and depression level of nursing students. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences 2009; 12(4):1-10.
- Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, et al. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess 1988; 52(1): 30–41.
- Eker D, Arkar H, Yaldız H. Factorial structure, validity, and reliability of revised form of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry 2001; 12(1):17-25
- Teles F, Amorim de Albuquerque AL, Freitas Guedes Lins IK, Carvalho Medrado P, Falcão Pedrosa Costa A. Quality of life and depression in haemodialysis patients. Psychology, Health & Medicine 2018; 23(9): 1069-78.
- Daniel SC, Azuero A, Gutierrez OM, Heaton K. Examining the relationship between nutrition, quality of life, and depression in hemodialysis patients. Quality of Life Research 2021; 30(3): 759-68.
- Santos DGM, Ferreira LGS, Pallone JM, Ottaviani AC, Santos-Orlandi AA, Pavarini SCI, Orlandi FDS. Association between frailty and depression among hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Medical Journal 2022; 140: 406-11.
- Noor MU, Kuma S, Junejo A M, Rehman S, Lal O, Khan MT, Rani B. Prevalence of anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients of end stage renal disease. Rawal Medical Journal, 2021; 46(4): 844.
- Spinale J, Cohen SD, Khetpal P, et al. Spirituality, social support, and survival in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3(6):1620-7.
- Karadağ E, Ugur O, Mert H, Erunal M. The relationship between psychological resilience and social support levels in hemodialysis patients. JBACHS. 2019; 3(1): 9-15.
- Ozdemir N. The relationship between perceived social support, psychological resilience and happiness levels of hemodialysis patients. Annals of Medical Research 2019; 26(10): 2286-94.
- Hedayati SS, Bosworth HB, Kuchibhatla M, et al. The predictive value of self-report scales compared with physician diagnosis of depression ın hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2006; 69:1662–8.
- Araujo SM, de Bruin V, Daher EDF, Almeida GH, Medeiros CA, de Bruin PFC. Risk factors for depressive symptoms in a large population on chronic hemodialysis. International Urology and Nephrology 2012; 44 (4): 1229-35.
- Cukor D, Coplan J, Brown C, et al. Anxiety disorders ın adults treated by hemodialysis: a single-center study. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 52:128-36.
- Baydogan M, Dağ I. Prediction of depression by locus of control, learned resourcefulness and sociotropyautonomy in hemodialysis patients. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry 2008; 19:19- 28.
- Cohen SD. Social support interventions will improve the quality of life of ESRD patients. Semn Dial. 2013- May; 26(3): 262-5.
- Siedlecki KL, Salthouse TA, Oishi S, et al. The relationship between social support and subjective well-being across age. Soc Indic Res 2014; 117(2): 561-76.
- Anees M, Barki H, Masood M, et al. Depression in hemodialysis patients. Pak J Med Sci 2008; 24(4): 560-65.
- Çelik HC, Acar T. The investigation of depression and anxiety level of chronic hemodialysis patients according to different variables. Fırat University Medical Journal of Health Sciences 2007; 12:23-7.
- Imam SZ, Hashmi SH, Malick GI, et al. Liaisan psychiatry and depression in medical inpatients. J Pak Med Assoc 2007; 57: 159-61.
- Tezel A, Karabulutlu E, Sahin Ö. Depression and perceived social support from family ın Turkish patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis. J Res Med Sci 2011; 16(5):666-73.
- Kojima M, Hayano J, Tokudome S, et al. Independent associations of alexithymia and social support with depression in hemodialysis patients. J Psychosom Res 2007; 63(4): 349-56.
- Bokhari SS, Samad AH, Hanif S, et al. Prevalence of depression in patients with coronary artery disease in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 2002; 52(9): 436-9.
- Son YJ, Choi KS, Park YR, et al. Depression, symptoms and the quality of life in patients on hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. Am J Nephrol 2008;29 (1): 36-42.
- Kocaman Yıldırım N, Okanlı A, Yılmaz Karabulutlu E, et al. Effects of illness perception on anxiety and depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: a multi-center study. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2013; 14(3): 252-9.
- Rosenthal Asher D, Ver Halen N, Cukor D. Depression and nonadherence predict mortality ın hemodialysis treated end‐stage renal disease patients. Hemodial Int 2012; 16(3): 387-93.
- Hedayati SS, Minhajuddin AT, Toto RD, et al. Prevalence of major depressive episode in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 54: 424-32.
- Lin J, Guo Q, Ye X, et al. The effect of social support and coping style on depression ın patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ın southern china. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 45(2): 527-35.
- Gomez AT, Kiberd BA, Royston JP, et al. Comorbidity burden at dialysis initiation and mortality: A cohort study. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2015; 2(1):2-9.
- Ibrahim N, Teo SS, Din NC, et al. The role of personality and social support in health-related quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients. Plos One 2015; 10(7): 1-11.
- Barth J, Schneider S, Von Känel R. Lack of social support in the etiology and the prognosis of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine 2010; 72(3): 229-38.
Hemodiyaliz hastalarının depresyon ve algılanan sosyal destek düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler incelenmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hemodiyaliz hastalarında depresyon ve algılanan sosyal destek düzeylerinin ve etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, iki hemodiyaliz üniteside hemodiyaliz hastaları ile yürütüldü. Verilerin toplanmasında hastaların sosyodemografik ve hastalık bilgilerini içeren hasta tanıtım formu, Beck Depresyon Envanteri ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Hemodiyaliz hastalarının depresyon puan ortalaması 12,18±6,41 olarak belirlendi.
Çalışmamızda hastaların %44,7'sinin daha düşük düzeyde depresyon, %20,4'ünün orta düzeyde
depresyon yaşadığı saptandı. Hemodiyaliz hastalarının çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek puan
ortalamasının 63,91±14,2 olduğu belirlendi. 60 yaş üstü hastaların arkadaş alt ölçeği puan ortalaması
düşük bulundu (p<0.05). Çalışmamızda hemodiyaliz hastalarının cinsiyetine bağlı olarak toplam
depresyon puan ortalamasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olarak tespit edildi (p<0.01). Kadın
hastaların depresyon düzeyi erkek hastalara göre daha yüksekti. BDÖ toplam puanı ile sosyal destek
ölçeği arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki vardı (r= -0.225, p= 0.000).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada sosyal destek ile depresyon arasında negatif yönde bir ilişki olduğu bulundu.
Yüksek riskli hastalara depresyon taraması yapılmalıdır. Hemodiyaliz hastalarının sosyal destek
ağlarını güçlendirmeye yönelik girişimler depresyonun azalmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.
Keywords
References
- Mitema D, Jaar BG. How can we improve the quality of life of dialysis patients. Semin Dial 2016; 29 (2): 93- 102.
- Pei M, Aguiar R, Pagels AA, Heimbürger O, Stenvinkel P, Bárány P, Qureshi AR. Health-related quality of life as predictor of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients: an observational study. BMC Nephrology 2019; 20 (1): 1-10.
- Stasiak CES, Bazan KS, Kuss RS, et al. Prevalence of anxiety and depression and its comorbidities in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. J. Bras. Nefrol 2014; 36(3): 325- 31.
- Kimmel PL, Cukor D, Cohen SD, et al. Depression in endstage renal disease patients: a critical review. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2007;14 (4): 328–34.
- Clark S, Farrington K, Chilcot J. Nonadherence in dialysis patients: prevalence, measurement, outcome, and psychological determinants. Semin Dial 2014; 27(1): 42-9.
- Loosman WL, Rottier MA, Honig A, et al. Association of depressive and anxiety symptoms with adverse events in dutch chronic kidney disease patients: a prospective cohort study. BMC. Nephrol 2015; 16 (1): 1-8.
- Chen SF, Wang IJ, Lang HC. Risk of major depression in patients with chronic renal failure on different treatment modalities: a matched‐cohort and population‐based study in Taiwan. Hemodial Int 2016; 20 (1): 98- 105.
- Davaridolatabadi E, Abdeyazdan G. The relation between perceived social support and anxiety in patients under hemodialysis. Electronic Physician 2016; 8(3): 21-44.
- Kara B, Çağlar K, Kılıç S. Nonadherence with diet and fluid restrictions and perceived social support in patients receiving hemodialysis. J Nurs Scholarsh 2007; 39(3): 243-8.
- Cohen SD, Sharma T, Acquaviva K, et al. Social support and chronic kidney disease: an update. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2007; 14(4): 335-44.
- Hisli N. Reliability and validity of Beck Depression Inventory in university students. Psikol Derg 1989; 23:3–13.
- Tezel A, Arslan S, Topal M, et al. The investigation of the problem solving skill and depression level of nursing students. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences 2009; 12(4):1-10.
- Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, et al. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess 1988; 52(1): 30–41.
- Eker D, Arkar H, Yaldız H. Factorial structure, validity, and reliability of revised form of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry 2001; 12(1):17-25
- Teles F, Amorim de Albuquerque AL, Freitas Guedes Lins IK, Carvalho Medrado P, Falcão Pedrosa Costa A. Quality of life and depression in haemodialysis patients. Psychology, Health & Medicine 2018; 23(9): 1069-78.
- Daniel SC, Azuero A, Gutierrez OM, Heaton K. Examining the relationship between nutrition, quality of life, and depression in hemodialysis patients. Quality of Life Research 2021; 30(3): 759-68.
- Santos DGM, Ferreira LGS, Pallone JM, Ottaviani AC, Santos-Orlandi AA, Pavarini SCI, Orlandi FDS. Association between frailty and depression among hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Medical Journal 2022; 140: 406-11.
- Noor MU, Kuma S, Junejo A M, Rehman S, Lal O, Khan MT, Rani B. Prevalence of anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients of end stage renal disease. Rawal Medical Journal, 2021; 46(4): 844.
- Spinale J, Cohen SD, Khetpal P, et al. Spirituality, social support, and survival in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3(6):1620-7.
- Karadağ E, Ugur O, Mert H, Erunal M. The relationship between psychological resilience and social support levels in hemodialysis patients. JBACHS. 2019; 3(1): 9-15.
- Ozdemir N. The relationship between perceived social support, psychological resilience and happiness levels of hemodialysis patients. Annals of Medical Research 2019; 26(10): 2286-94.
- Hedayati SS, Bosworth HB, Kuchibhatla M, et al. The predictive value of self-report scales compared with physician diagnosis of depression ın hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2006; 69:1662–8.
- Araujo SM, de Bruin V, Daher EDF, Almeida GH, Medeiros CA, de Bruin PFC. Risk factors for depressive symptoms in a large population on chronic hemodialysis. International Urology and Nephrology 2012; 44 (4): 1229-35.
- Cukor D, Coplan J, Brown C, et al. Anxiety disorders ın adults treated by hemodialysis: a single-center study. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 52:128-36.
- Baydogan M, Dağ I. Prediction of depression by locus of control, learned resourcefulness and sociotropyautonomy in hemodialysis patients. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry 2008; 19:19- 28.
- Cohen SD. Social support interventions will improve the quality of life of ESRD patients. Semn Dial. 2013- May; 26(3): 262-5.
- Siedlecki KL, Salthouse TA, Oishi S, et al. The relationship between social support and subjective well-being across age. Soc Indic Res 2014; 117(2): 561-76.
- Anees M, Barki H, Masood M, et al. Depression in hemodialysis patients. Pak J Med Sci 2008; 24(4): 560-65.
- Çelik HC, Acar T. The investigation of depression and anxiety level of chronic hemodialysis patients according to different variables. Fırat University Medical Journal of Health Sciences 2007; 12:23-7.
- Imam SZ, Hashmi SH, Malick GI, et al. Liaisan psychiatry and depression in medical inpatients. J Pak Med Assoc 2007; 57: 159-61.
- Tezel A, Karabulutlu E, Sahin Ö. Depression and perceived social support from family ın Turkish patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis. J Res Med Sci 2011; 16(5):666-73.
- Kojima M, Hayano J, Tokudome S, et al. Independent associations of alexithymia and social support with depression in hemodialysis patients. J Psychosom Res 2007; 63(4): 349-56.
- Bokhari SS, Samad AH, Hanif S, et al. Prevalence of depression in patients with coronary artery disease in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 2002; 52(9): 436-9.
- Son YJ, Choi KS, Park YR, et al. Depression, symptoms and the quality of life in patients on hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. Am J Nephrol 2008;29 (1): 36-42.
- Kocaman Yıldırım N, Okanlı A, Yılmaz Karabulutlu E, et al. Effects of illness perception on anxiety and depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: a multi-center study. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2013; 14(3): 252-9.
- Rosenthal Asher D, Ver Halen N, Cukor D. Depression and nonadherence predict mortality ın hemodialysis treated end‐stage renal disease patients. Hemodial Int 2012; 16(3): 387-93.
- Hedayati SS, Minhajuddin AT, Toto RD, et al. Prevalence of major depressive episode in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 54: 424-32.
- Lin J, Guo Q, Ye X, et al. The effect of social support and coping style on depression ın patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ın southern china. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 45(2): 527-35.
- Gomez AT, Kiberd BA, Royston JP, et al. Comorbidity burden at dialysis initiation and mortality: A cohort study. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2015; 2(1):2-9.
- Ibrahim N, Teo SS, Din NC, et al. The role of personality and social support in health-related quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients. Plos One 2015; 10(7): 1-11.
- Barth J, Schneider S, Von Känel R. Lack of social support in the etiology and the prognosis of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine 2010; 72(3): 229-38.
There are 41 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Internal Diseases |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 12, 2023 |
| Submission Date | May 16, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023Volume: 62 Issue: 2 |
