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Stem cells: Definition, characteristics, classification, sources and ethical approaches

Cilt: 65 Sayı: 2 10 Haziran 2026
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Stem cells: Definition, characteristics, classification, sources and ethical approaches

Öz

Aim: Stem cells are undifferentiated progenitor cells characterized by their unique capacity for self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into various specialized cell types under appropriate conditions. These cells are distributed across various biological stages and tissues, including embryonic structures, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and adult organs. Through mechanisms such as asymmetric division, stem cells play a central role in maintaining the progenitor pool while facilitating tissue repair and homeostatic regeneration. Materials and Methods: This study classifies stem cells based on two primary criteria: differentiation potential (totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, oligopotent, and unipotent) and biological origin (embryonic, adult, and fetal sources). Furthermore, the biological characteristics of induced pluripotent stem cells and cancer stem cells are analyzed. The study evaluates specific surface markers- such as CD34, CD133, and CD44-used for identification as well as the internal and external regulators governing symmetric and asymmetric division modes. Conclusions: Stem cells offer revolutionary therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering for treating degenerative conditions, including leukemia, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and myocardial injury. Induced pluripotent stem cells technology presents a significant advancement by addressing the ethical concerns associated with embryonic stem cells and reducing the risk of immune rejection through patient-specific applications. However, critical challenges such as the risk of teratoma formation, genomic instability, and potential immune responses remain primary hurdles for clinical translation. To optimize the safety and efficacy of these therapies, comprehensive preclinical research and the development of novel biotechnological strategies are essential.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Etik Beyan

Çıkar Çatışması: Yazarlar tarafından herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bildirilmemiştir.

Kaynakça

  1. Tian Z, Yu T, Liu J, Wang T, Higuchi A. Introduction to stem cells. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2023;199:3–32. doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.02.012.
  2. Can A. Kök hücre: biyolojisi, türleri ve tedavide kullanımları. 2. baskı. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi; 2021.
  3. Sağsöz H, Ketani MA. Kök hücreler. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2008;1(2):29–33.
  4. Chen C, Fingerhut JM, Yamashita YM. The ins(ide) and outs(ide) of asymmetric stem cell division. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2016;43:1–6. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2016.06.001.
  5. Shahriyari L, Komarova NL. Symmetric vs. asymmetric stem cell divisions: an adaptation against cancer? PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e76195. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0076195.
  6. Mesfin FM, Manohar K, Hunter CE, Shelley WC, Brokaw JP, Liu J, et al. Stem cell–derived therapies to preserve and repair the developing intestine. Semin Perinatol. 2023;47(3):151727. doi:10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151727.
  7. Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10(1):68. doi:10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5.
  8. Hussen BM, Taheri M, Yashooa RK, Abdullah GH, Abdullah SR, Kheder RK, et al. Revolutionizing medicine: recent developments and future prospects in stem-cell therapy. Int J Surg. 2024;110(12):8002–24. doi:10.1097/JS9.0000000000002109.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)

Bölüm

Derleme

Yayımlanma Tarihi

10 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

24 Ocak 2026

Kabul Tarihi

13 Mart 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 65 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Konukcu Mehdılı, Z., Germiyan, Ö. S., Berdeli, A. H., & Uyanıkgil, Y. (2026). Stem cells: Definition, characteristics, classification, sources and ethical approaches. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 65(2), 357-368. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1870790
AMA
1.Konukcu Mehdılı Z, Germiyan ÖS, Berdeli AH, Uyanıkgil Y. Stem cells: Definition, characteristics, classification, sources and ethical approaches. ETD. 2026;65(2):357-368. doi:10.19161/etd.1870790
Chicago
Konukcu Mehdılı, Zeynep, Özgün Selim Germiyan, Afig Huseyinov Berdeli, ve Yiğit Uyanıkgil. 2026. “Stem cells: Definition, characteristics, classification, sources and ethical approaches”. Ege Tıp Dergisi 65 (2): 357-68. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1870790.
EndNote
Konukcu Mehdılı Z, Germiyan ÖS, Berdeli AH, Uyanıkgil Y (01 Haziran 2026) Stem cells: Definition, characteristics, classification, sources and ethical approaches. Ege Tıp Dergisi 65 2 357–368.
IEEE
[1]Z. Konukcu Mehdılı, Ö. S. Germiyan, A. H. Berdeli, ve Y. Uyanıkgil, “Stem cells: Definition, characteristics, classification, sources and ethical approaches”, ETD, c. 65, sy 2, ss. 357–368, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.19161/etd.1870790.
ISNAD
Konukcu Mehdılı, Zeynep - Germiyan, Özgün Selim - Berdeli, Afig Huseyinov - Uyanıkgil, Yiğit. “Stem cells: Definition, characteristics, classification, sources and ethical approaches”. Ege Tıp Dergisi 65/2 (01 Haziran 2026): 357-368. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1870790.
JAMA
1.Konukcu Mehdılı Z, Germiyan ÖS, Berdeli AH, Uyanıkgil Y. Stem cells: Definition, characteristics, classification, sources and ethical approaches. ETD. 2026;65:357–368.
MLA
Konukcu Mehdılı, Zeynep, vd. “Stem cells: Definition, characteristics, classification, sources and ethical approaches”. Ege Tıp Dergisi, c. 65, sy 2, Haziran 2026, ss. 357-68, doi:10.19161/etd.1870790.
Vancouver
1.Zeynep Konukcu Mehdılı, Özgün Selim Germiyan, Afig Huseyinov Berdeli, Yiğit Uyanıkgil. Stem cells: Definition, characteristics, classification, sources and ethical approaches. ETD. 01 Haziran 2026;65(2):357-68. doi:10.19161/etd.1870790

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