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The clinical presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 in immunocompromised hosts in comparison to comorbid and immunocompetent patients: retrospective study of 384 cases

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 63 Sayı: 2, 192 - 198, 10.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1256543

Öz

Objective:
Immunocompromised hosts (ICH) are at a higher risk of severe infections and mortality. This study aimed to examine the clinical manifestations and outcomes of ICH who were admitted to the hospital for COVID-19.
Method:
A total of 384 patients (mean age 61.515.9 y, 168 female) who were hospitalized between March 2020 and December 2020 were included in the study. These patients were examined in three groups: the ICH (n=40), comorbid patients (n=101), and the control group comprising immunocompetent patients without any comorbidities (n=243). All clinical and laboratory data were retrieved from the electronic hospital records and compared between the three groups retrospectively.
Results:
The mean age was 61.215.0 for ICH, 66.112.3 for comorbid, and 59.617.0 for control groups (p=0.003). We found that the mean leukocyte and neutrophil counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and D-Dimer levels were significantly higher and the albumin level was lower in ICH compared to the other two groups (p<0.05). On CT scans, ground-glass opacities were seen less frequently in ICH compared to the other groups (p=0.035). The mortality rate was 32.5% in the ICH, 22.8% in the comorbid, and 15.2% in the control groups (p=0.019). Within the ICH group, the mean leukocyte and neutrophil counts and LDH levels were higher and the SpO2/FiO₂ ratio was lower in patients who died (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
We found that had higher mortality in ICH with COVID-19. Being ICH condition, elder age, elevated LDH levels, and decreased Sat/FiO2 were associated with increased mortality.

Kaynakça

  • “Archived: WHO Timeline - COVID-19.” https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19 (accessed May 10, 2022).
  • “WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard | WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data.” https://covid19.who.int/ (accessed Nov. 18, 2022).
  • D. Wang et al., “Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China,” JAMA, vol. 323, no. 11, pp. 1061–1069, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1001/JAMA.2020.1585.
  • X. Wang et al., “Clinical characteristics of non-critically ill patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID 19) in a Fangcang Hospital,” Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol. 26, no. 8, p. 1063, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.CMI.2020.03.032.
  • D. Ward et al., “The effect of immunosuppressants on the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection,” The European Respiratory Journal, vol. 59, no. 4, p. 2100769, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1183/13993003.00769-2021.
  • M. Fung and J. M. Babik, “COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Hosts: What We Know So Far,” Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 340–350, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1093/CID/CIAA863.
  • Y. Zhou et al., “Comorbidities and the risk of severe or fatal outcomes associated with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 99, p. 47, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.IJID.2020.07.029.
  • J. P. Kooman and F. M. Van Der Sande, “COVID-19 in ESRD and Acute Kidney Injury,” Blood Purification, vol. 50, no. 5, p. 1, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1159/000513214.
  • M. Syed-Ahmed and M. Narayanan, “Immune Dysfunction and Risk of Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease,” Advances in chronic kidney disease, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 8–15, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1053/J.ACKD.2019.01.004.
  • 10. M. W. Robinson, C. Harmon, and C. O’Farrelly, “Liver immunology and its role in inflammation and homeostasis,” Cellular and Molecular Immunology, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 267, May 2016, doi: 10.1038/CMI.2016.3.
  • E. Guillen et al., “Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation?,” American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1875–1878, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1111/AJT.15874.
  • H. Zhang, H. Dai, and X. Xie, “Solid Organ Transplantation During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Frontiers in immunology, vol. 11, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.3389/FIMMU.2020.01392.
  • O. Manuel and M. Estabrook, “RNA respiratory viral infections in solid organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice,” Clinical transplantation, vol. 33, no. 9, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1111/CTR.13511.
  • H. Akbari et al., “The role of cytokine profile and lymphocyte subsets in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Life sciences, vol. 258, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.LFS.2020.118167.
  • Y. Gao et al., “Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID 19,” Journal of medical virology, vol. 92, no. 7, pp. 791–796, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1002/JMV.25770.
  • I. Suárez-García et al., “In-hospital mortality among immunosuppressed patients with COVID-19: Analysis from a national cohort in Spain,” PloS one, vol. 16, no. 8, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0255524.
  • C. Huang et al., “Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China,” Lancet (London, England), vol. 395, no. 10223, p. 497, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
  • M. Leppkes et al., “Vascular occlusion by neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19,” EBioMedicine, vol. 58, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.EBIOM.2020.102925.
  • B. Schurink et al., “Viral presence and immunopathology in patients with lethal COVID-19: a prospective autopsy cohort study,” The Lancet. Microbe, vol. 1, no. 7, pp. e290–e299, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/S2666 5247(20)30144-0.
  • A. Abrishami, S. Samavat, B. Behnam, M. Arab-Ahmadi, M. Nafar, and M. Sanei Taheri, “Clinical Course, Imaging Features, and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients,” European urology, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 281–286, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.EURURO.2020.04.064.
  • K. Sharma et al., “Demographic and clinico-radiological profile on High-Resolution Computerized Tomography (HRCT) thorax in mild or asymptomatic clinically suspected COVID-19 patients in high endemicity area of India-Can HRCT be the first screening tool? -The DECRYPTION study,” The Indian journal of radiology & imaging, vol. 31, no. Suppl 1, pp. S122–S127, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.4103/IJRI.IJRI_796_20.
  • S. Salehi, A. Abedi, S. Balakrishnan, and A. Gholamrezanezhad, “Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients,” AJR. American journal of roentgenology, vol. 215, no. 1, pp. 87–93, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.2214/AJR.20.23034.
  • K. Yang et al., “Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study,” The Lancet. Oncology, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 904–913, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30310-7.
  • C. S and K. A, “Does the Charlson comorbidity index help predict the risk of death in COVID-19 patients?,” Northern clinics of Istanbul, vol. 9, no. 2, 2022, doi: 10.14744/NCI.2022.33349.
  • Y. EE et al., “Evaluation of the relationship between acute kidney injury and renin angiotensin system inhibition in COVID-19 patients,” Northern clinics of Istanbul, vol. 9, no. 6, 2022, doi: 10.14744/NCI.2022.87360.

Bağışıklığı baskılanmış hastalarda COVİD-19'un klinik prezentasyonu ve sonuçları, komorbid ve sağlıklı hastalarla kıyaslama: 384 olgunun retrospektif araştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 63 Sayı: 2, 192 - 198, 10.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1256543

Öz

Amaç:
Bağışıklığı baskılanmış hastalar (BBH) ciddi enfeksiyonlar ve mortalite için yüksek risk taşırlar. Bu çalışma COVİD-19 nedeniyle hastaneye yatırılan BBH’da klinik seyrin ve sonuçların incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem:
Mart 2020 ve Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında hastaneye kaldırılan 384 hasta (ortalama yaş 61.5±15.9, 168 kadın) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bu hastalar 3 gruba ayrıldı: BBH (n=40), komorbid hastalar (n=101) ve kontrol grubu olarak immünkompetan hastalar (n=243). Tüm klinik ve laboratuvar verileri elektronik hasta dosyasından alındı ve üç grup karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular:
Ortalama yaş bağışıklığı baskılanmış hastalar için 61.2±15.0, komorbid hastalar için 66.1±12.3, kontrol grubu için 59.6±17.0 olarak hesaplandı. BBH grubunda diğer iki grup ile kıyaslandığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde ortalama lökosit ve nötrofil sayısı, C-reaktif protein, ferritin ve D-Dimer düzeylerinin artmış olduğu, albümin seviyelerinin ise azalmış olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Toraks BT incelemelerinde buzlu cam alanları BBH’da diğer hastalarla kıyaslandığında daha az gözlemlenmiştir (p=0.035). Mortalite oranları BBH grubu için %32.5, komorbid hastalar için %22.8 ve kontrol grubu için %15.2 olarak gözlemlenmiştir (p=0.019). BBH grubunda ölen hastalarda, ortalama lökosit ve nötrofil sayısı ve LDH düzeyleri yüksek iken, SpO2/FiO2 oranı düşük olduğu gözlemlenmiştir (p<0.05).
Sonuç:
COVİD-19’lu bağışıklığı baskılanmış hastalarda mortalite oranı daha fazla olarak bulunmuştur. Bağışıklığı baskılanmış olmak, ileri yaş, artmış LDH düzeyleri ve azalmış Sat/FiO2 düzeylerinin mortalite ile ilişkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • “Archived: WHO Timeline - COVID-19.” https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19 (accessed May 10, 2022).
  • “WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard | WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data.” https://covid19.who.int/ (accessed Nov. 18, 2022).
  • D. Wang et al., “Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China,” JAMA, vol. 323, no. 11, pp. 1061–1069, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1001/JAMA.2020.1585.
  • X. Wang et al., “Clinical characteristics of non-critically ill patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID 19) in a Fangcang Hospital,” Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol. 26, no. 8, p. 1063, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.CMI.2020.03.032.
  • D. Ward et al., “The effect of immunosuppressants on the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection,” The European Respiratory Journal, vol. 59, no. 4, p. 2100769, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1183/13993003.00769-2021.
  • M. Fung and J. M. Babik, “COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Hosts: What We Know So Far,” Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 340–350, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1093/CID/CIAA863.
  • Y. Zhou et al., “Comorbidities and the risk of severe or fatal outcomes associated with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 99, p. 47, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.IJID.2020.07.029.
  • J. P. Kooman and F. M. Van Der Sande, “COVID-19 in ESRD and Acute Kidney Injury,” Blood Purification, vol. 50, no. 5, p. 1, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1159/000513214.
  • M. Syed-Ahmed and M. Narayanan, “Immune Dysfunction and Risk of Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease,” Advances in chronic kidney disease, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 8–15, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1053/J.ACKD.2019.01.004.
  • 10. M. W. Robinson, C. Harmon, and C. O’Farrelly, “Liver immunology and its role in inflammation and homeostasis,” Cellular and Molecular Immunology, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 267, May 2016, doi: 10.1038/CMI.2016.3.
  • E. Guillen et al., “Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation?,” American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1875–1878, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1111/AJT.15874.
  • H. Zhang, H. Dai, and X. Xie, “Solid Organ Transplantation During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Frontiers in immunology, vol. 11, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.3389/FIMMU.2020.01392.
  • O. Manuel and M. Estabrook, “RNA respiratory viral infections in solid organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice,” Clinical transplantation, vol. 33, no. 9, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1111/CTR.13511.
  • H. Akbari et al., “The role of cytokine profile and lymphocyte subsets in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Life sciences, vol. 258, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.LFS.2020.118167.
  • Y. Gao et al., “Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID 19,” Journal of medical virology, vol. 92, no. 7, pp. 791–796, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1002/JMV.25770.
  • I. Suárez-García et al., “In-hospital mortality among immunosuppressed patients with COVID-19: Analysis from a national cohort in Spain,” PloS one, vol. 16, no. 8, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0255524.
  • C. Huang et al., “Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China,” Lancet (London, England), vol. 395, no. 10223, p. 497, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
  • M. Leppkes et al., “Vascular occlusion by neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19,” EBioMedicine, vol. 58, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.EBIOM.2020.102925.
  • B. Schurink et al., “Viral presence and immunopathology in patients with lethal COVID-19: a prospective autopsy cohort study,” The Lancet. Microbe, vol. 1, no. 7, pp. e290–e299, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/S2666 5247(20)30144-0.
  • A. Abrishami, S. Samavat, B. Behnam, M. Arab-Ahmadi, M. Nafar, and M. Sanei Taheri, “Clinical Course, Imaging Features, and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients,” European urology, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 281–286, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.EURURO.2020.04.064.
  • K. Sharma et al., “Demographic and clinico-radiological profile on High-Resolution Computerized Tomography (HRCT) thorax in mild or asymptomatic clinically suspected COVID-19 patients in high endemicity area of India-Can HRCT be the first screening tool? -The DECRYPTION study,” The Indian journal of radiology & imaging, vol. 31, no. Suppl 1, pp. S122–S127, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.4103/IJRI.IJRI_796_20.
  • S. Salehi, A. Abedi, S. Balakrishnan, and A. Gholamrezanezhad, “Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients,” AJR. American journal of roentgenology, vol. 215, no. 1, pp. 87–93, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.2214/AJR.20.23034.
  • K. Yang et al., “Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study,” The Lancet. Oncology, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 904–913, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30310-7.
  • C. S and K. A, “Does the Charlson comorbidity index help predict the risk of death in COVID-19 patients?,” Northern clinics of Istanbul, vol. 9, no. 2, 2022, doi: 10.14744/NCI.2022.33349.
  • Y. EE et al., “Evaluation of the relationship between acute kidney injury and renin angiotensin system inhibition in COVID-19 patients,” Northern clinics of Istanbul, vol. 9, no. 6, 2022, doi: 10.14744/NCI.2022.87360.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ziya Karimov 0000-0001-7237-4878

Gunay Huseynova 0000-0001-5612-3657

Hakan Kiriş 0000-0002-7767-0665

Cansu Tongel 0000-0001-7725-3258

Aynur Aliyeva 0000-0001-9398-4261

Nur Soyer 0000-0002-7722-506X

Nigar Abdullayeva 0000-0002-7647-1197

Ömer Selim Unat 0000-0002-5708-2233

Abdullah Sayiner 0000-0002-6788-9727

Ozen Kacmaz Basoglu 0000-0001-8168-6611

Mehmet Sezai Taşbakan 0000-0003-4507-9851

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 63 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Karimov Z, Huseynova G, Kiriş H, Tongel C, Aliyeva A, Soyer N, vd. The clinical presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 in immunocompromised hosts in comparison to comorbid and immunocompetent patients: retrospective study of 384 cases. ETD. 2024;63(2):192-8.

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