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Determining the relationship between women's health literacy and awareness of gynecological cancers

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 64 Sayı: Özel Sayı: 1 (11. Ulusal Ürojinekoloji Kongresi Bildiri Kitapçığı), 1 - 8, 25.08.2025

Duygu Dişli Çetinçay , Meltem Mecdi Kaydırak

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between women's health literacy levels and gynecological cancer awareness.
Materials and Methods: The descriptive-correlational study was conducted with 305 participants. The data of the study were collected through an online questionnaire between February-September 2023. The Introductory Information Form, the Health Literacy Scale (HLS) and the Gynecological Cancer Awareness Scale (GCAS), were used as data collection tools.
Results: The mean age of the participants in this study was 34.31 years. 49.2% of the participants had a bachelor's degree or higher, 59.3% were unemployed, 61.3% belonged to the middle-income group, 67.9% lived in the city, 32.8% did not have regular annual gynecological examinations, 47.9% had never had a pap smear test, and 62.3% thought they did not have enough information about HPV vaccination. The mean total score of the participants was 53.92±8.21 on the HLS and 153.21±18.15 on the GCAS. Significant differences were found between the total scores of the HLS and GCAS and some characteristics of the women such as education level, employment status, place of residence, having pap smear test and thinking that they had sufficient information about HPV vaccines (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between the women's total score of the HLS and the total score of the GCAS (r=0.319; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Women's health literacy and gynecological cancer awareness were found to be affected by sociodemographic and gynecological characteristics. It was determined that as women's health literacy levels increased, their gynecological cancer awareness also increased.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cervical cancer gynecologic diseases health literacy HPV Human Papillomavirus women

Kaynakça

  • Başaran, F., & Duru, P. (2024). Shining a Light on Women’s Health: The Relationship Between Gynecological Cancer Awareness and Health Literacy. Archives of Health Science and Research, 11(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2024.23149
  • Bazaz, M., Shahry, P., Latifi, S. M., & Araban, M. (2019). Cervical Cancer Literacy in Women of Reproductive Age and Its Related Factors. Journal of Cancer Education, 34(1), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-017-1270-z
  • Boxell, E. M., Smith, S. G., Morris, M., Kummer, S., Rowlands, G., Waller, J., Wardle, J., & Simon, A. E. (2012). Increasing awareness of gynecological cancer symptoms and reducing barriers to medical help seeking: Does health literacy play a role? Journal of Health Communication, 17(SUPPL. 3), 265–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.712617
  • Coşkun, S. (2023). Effect of health responsibility and health literacy on gynecological cancer awareness of university working women. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 21(2), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.1098528
  • Dal, N. A., & Ertem, G. (2017). Jinekolojik Kanserler Farkındalık Ölçeği Geliştirme Çalışması. Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches, 6(5), 2351–2367. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.314332
  • Gokdemir, O., Kushwaha, P., Shikha, D., Petrazzuoli, F., & Bhattacharya, S. (2024). Editorial: Health literacy and disease prevention, volume II. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1369146. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369146
  • Gökoğlu, A. G. (2021). Kadınların Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Sağlık Davranışlarına ve Çocuk Sağlığına Etkisi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi - BÜSBİD, 6(2), 132–148.
  • Gözüyeşil, E., Arıöz, A., & Taş, F. (2020). Bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezine Başvuran Kadınların Jinekolojik Kanser Farkındalıklarının Değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 14(2), 177–185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.730022
  • Kaya Şenol, D., Polat, F., & Doğan, M. (2021). Jinekolojik Kanser Farkındalığı: Üreme Çağı ve Postmenopozal Dönem Kadınlar. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 15(1), 56–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.805231
  • Kim, K., & Han, H. R. (2016). Potential links between health literacy and cervical cancer screening behaviors: A systematic review. Psycho-Oncology, 25(2), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3883
  • Köse, S., & Karakurt, P. (2023). Kadınların Jinekolojik Kanserler ile İlgili Farkındalık Düzeyinin Artmasında Sağlık Okuryazarlığının Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, 13(1), 196–206. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1175176
  • Lastrucci, V., Lorini, C., Caini, S., Bonaccorsi, G., Alti, E., Baglioni, S., Bechini, A., Bellino, L., Berzi, N., Bianchi, J., Boccalini, S., Burgio, G., Bussotti, A., Riccio, M. Del, Donzellini, M., Galdiero, A., Grassi, A., Grassi, T., Lastrucci, V., … Vettori, V. (2019). Health literacy as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and health: A cross-sectional study in a population-based sample in Florence. PLoS ONE, 14(12), e0227007. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227007
  • Lee, H., & La, I. S. (2024). Association between health literacy and self-management among middle-aged women: A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 123, 108188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2024.108188
  • Nutbeam, D. (2000). Health literacy as a public health goal: A challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion International, 15(3), 259–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/15.3.259
  • Öztürk, R., Bakir, S., Kazankaya, F., Paker, S., & Ertem, G. (2021). Awareness about Gynecologic Cancers and Related Factors among Healthy Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Social Work in Public Health, 36(7–8), 847–856. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2021.1965936
  • Suka, M., Odajima, T., Kasai, M., Igarashi, A., Ishikawa, H., Kusama, M., Nakayama, T., Sumitani, M., & Sugimori, H. (2013). The 14-item health literacy scale for Japanese adults (HLS-14). Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 18(5), 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-013-0340-z
  • Sullivan, G. M., & Feinn, R. (2012). Using Effect Size—or Why the P Value Is Not Enough. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 4(3), 279–282. https://doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-12-00156.1
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  • Uslu-Sahan, F., Mert-Karadas, M., Yıldız, T., & Koc, G. (2023). Effect of Health Literacy on the Awareness of Gynecological Cancer Among Women in Turkey. Indian Journal of Gynecologic Oncology, 21(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40944-022-00690-5/TABLES/4
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Kadınların sağlık okuryazarlığı ile jinekolojik kanserlere yönelik farkındalıkları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 64 Sayı: Özel Sayı: 1 (11. Ulusal Ürojinekoloji Kongresi Bildiri Kitapçığı), 1 - 8, 25.08.2025

Duygu Dişli Çetinçay , Meltem Mecdi Kaydırak

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadınların sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyleri ile jinekolojik kanser farkındalıkları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-korelasyonel tipteki çalışma 305 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmanın verileri, Şubat-Eylül 2023 tarihleri arasında online anket yoluyla toplandı. Veri toplama aracı olarak Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (SOYÖ) ve Jinekolojik Kanser Farkındalık Ölçeği (JİKFÖ) kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmadaki katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 34,31 idi. Katılımcıların %49,2'si lisans ve üzeri eğitim düzeyine sahipti, %59,3'ü çalışmıyordu, %61,3'ü orta gelir grubuna dahildi, %67,9'u şehirde yaşıyordu, %32,8'i yıllık olarak düzenli jinekolojik muayene yaptırmıyordu, %47,9'u hiç pap smear testi yaptırmamıştı ve %62,3'ü HPV aşısı hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadığını düşünüyordu. Katılımcıların SOYÖ toplam puan ortalaması 53.92±8.21 ve JİKFÖ toplam puan ortalaması 153.21±18.15 idi. SOYÖ ve JİKFÖ toplam puanları ile kadınların eğitim düzeyi, çalışma durumu, yaşadıkları yer, pap smear testi yaptırma ve HPV aşıları hakkında yeterli bilgi sahibi olduğunu düşünme gibi bazı özellikleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulundu (p<0,05). Kadınların SOYÖ toplam puanı ile JİKFÖ toplam puanı arasında anlamlı pozitif bir korelasyon saptandı (r=0,319; p<0,001).
Sonuç: Kadınların sağlık okuryazarlık ve jinekolojik kanser farkındalıklarının sosyodemografik ve jinekolojik özelliklerden etkilediği görüldü. Kadınların sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyleri arttıkça, jinekolojik kanser farkındalıklarının arttığı belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

HPV Human Papillomavirüsü jinekolojik hastalıklar kadın sağlığı sağlık okuryazarlığı serviks kanseri

Kaynakça

  • Başaran, F., & Duru, P. (2024). Shining a Light on Women’s Health: The Relationship Between Gynecological Cancer Awareness and Health Literacy. Archives of Health Science and Research, 11(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2024.23149
  • Bazaz, M., Shahry, P., Latifi, S. M., & Araban, M. (2019). Cervical Cancer Literacy in Women of Reproductive Age and Its Related Factors. Journal of Cancer Education, 34(1), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-017-1270-z
  • Boxell, E. M., Smith, S. G., Morris, M., Kummer, S., Rowlands, G., Waller, J., Wardle, J., & Simon, A. E. (2012). Increasing awareness of gynecological cancer symptoms and reducing barriers to medical help seeking: Does health literacy play a role? Journal of Health Communication, 17(SUPPL. 3), 265–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.712617
  • Coşkun, S. (2023). Effect of health responsibility and health literacy on gynecological cancer awareness of university working women. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 21(2), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.1098528
  • Dal, N. A., & Ertem, G. (2017). Jinekolojik Kanserler Farkındalık Ölçeği Geliştirme Çalışması. Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches, 6(5), 2351–2367. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.314332
  • Gokdemir, O., Kushwaha, P., Shikha, D., Petrazzuoli, F., & Bhattacharya, S. (2024). Editorial: Health literacy and disease prevention, volume II. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1369146. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369146
  • Gökoğlu, A. G. (2021). Kadınların Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Sağlık Davranışlarına ve Çocuk Sağlığına Etkisi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi - BÜSBİD, 6(2), 132–148.
  • Gözüyeşil, E., Arıöz, A., & Taş, F. (2020). Bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezine Başvuran Kadınların Jinekolojik Kanser Farkındalıklarının Değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 14(2), 177–185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.730022
  • Kaya Şenol, D., Polat, F., & Doğan, M. (2021). Jinekolojik Kanser Farkındalığı: Üreme Çağı ve Postmenopozal Dönem Kadınlar. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 15(1), 56–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.805231
  • Kim, K., & Han, H. R. (2016). Potential links between health literacy and cervical cancer screening behaviors: A systematic review. Psycho-Oncology, 25(2), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3883
  • Köse, S., & Karakurt, P. (2023). Kadınların Jinekolojik Kanserler ile İlgili Farkındalık Düzeyinin Artmasında Sağlık Okuryazarlığının Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, 13(1), 196–206. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1175176
  • Lastrucci, V., Lorini, C., Caini, S., Bonaccorsi, G., Alti, E., Baglioni, S., Bechini, A., Bellino, L., Berzi, N., Bianchi, J., Boccalini, S., Burgio, G., Bussotti, A., Riccio, M. Del, Donzellini, M., Galdiero, A., Grassi, A., Grassi, T., Lastrucci, V., … Vettori, V. (2019). Health literacy as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and health: A cross-sectional study in a population-based sample in Florence. PLoS ONE, 14(12), e0227007. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227007
  • Lee, H., & La, I. S. (2024). Association between health literacy and self-management among middle-aged women: A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 123, 108188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2024.108188
  • Nutbeam, D. (2000). Health literacy as a public health goal: A challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion International, 15(3), 259–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/15.3.259
  • Öztürk, R., Bakir, S., Kazankaya, F., Paker, S., & Ertem, G. (2021). Awareness about Gynecologic Cancers and Related Factors among Healthy Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Social Work in Public Health, 36(7–8), 847–856. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2021.1965936
  • Suka, M., Odajima, T., Kasai, M., Igarashi, A., Ishikawa, H., Kusama, M., Nakayama, T., Sumitani, M., & Sugimori, H. (2013). The 14-item health literacy scale for Japanese adults (HLS-14). Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 18(5), 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-013-0340-z
  • Sullivan, G. M., & Feinn, R. (2012). Using Effect Size—or Why the P Value Is Not Enough. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 4(3), 279–282. https://doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-12-00156.1
  • The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2021). Updated Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2021/04/updated-cervical-cancer-screening-guidelines
  • Türkoğlu, N., & Kılıç, D. (2021). Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlilik Ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 24(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17049/ataunihem.662054
  • Uçkaç, K. (2022). Kanser Taramalarında Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve Sağlık Hizmetleri. Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Dergisi, 3(2), 96–101. https://doi.org/10.54247/SOYD.2022.48
  • Uslu-Sahan, F., Mert-Karadas, M., Yıldız, T., & Koc, G. (2023). Effect of Health Literacy on the Awareness of Gynecological Cancer Among Women in Turkey. Indian Journal of Gynecologic Oncology, 21(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40944-022-00690-5/TABLES/4
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Cancer Today. World Health Organization (WHO). https://gco.iarc.who.int/
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2024). Health literacy. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/health-literacy
  • Yılmaz, M., & Tiraki, Z. (2016). Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Nedir? Nasıl Ölçülür? Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(4), 142–147.
  • Rodrigues L, Banat IM, Teixeira J, Oliveira R. Biosurfactants: potential applications in medicine. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;57(4):609–18.
  • Sharma P, Sharma N. Microbial Biosurfactants-an Ecofriendly Boon to Industries for Green Revolution. Recent Pat Biotechnol. 2019;14(3):169–83.
  • Banat IM, De Rienzo MAD, Quinn GA. Microbial biofilms: biosurfactants as antibiofilm agents. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014;98(24):9915–29.
  • Zhao H, Shao D, Jiang C, Shi J, Li Q, Huang Q, et al. Biological activity of lipopeptides from Bacillus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017;101(15):5951–60.
  • Meena KR, Kanwar SS. Lipopeptides as the antifungal and antibacterial agents: applications in food safety and therapeutics. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015;473050.
  • Zhao H, Yan L, Guo L, Sun H, Huang Q, Shao D, et al. Effects of Bacillus subtilis iturin A on HepG2 cells in vitro and vivo. AMB Express 2021;11(1).
  • Yaraguppi DA;, Bagewadi ZK;, Patil NR;, Kowalczyk T, Sitarek P, Yaraguppi DA, et al. Iturin: A Promising Cyclic Lipopeptide with Diverse Applications. Bio mol. 2023; 13(10):1515.
  • Altin-Celik P, Eken A, Derya-Andeden M, Eciroglu H, Uzen R, Donmez-Altuntas H. Iturin A and Gramicidin A inhibit proliferation, trigger apoptosis, and regulate inflammation in breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2024;100:106121.
  • Dey G, Bharti R, Ojha PK, Pal I, Rajesh Y, Banerjee I, et al. Therapeutic implication of “Iturin A” for targeting MD-2/TLR4 complex to overcome angiogenesis and invasion. Cell Sig. 2017;35:24–36.
  • Xicoy H, Wieringa B, Martens GJM. The SH-SY5Y cell line in Parkinson’s disease research: a systematic review. Mol Neurodegener 2017;12(1):1–11.
  • Dorsey ER, Constantinescu R, Thompson JP, Biglan KM, Holloway RG, Kieburtz K, et al. Projected number of people with Parkinson disease in the most populous nations, 2005 through 2030. Neurology 2007;68(5):384–86.
  • Zhou ZD, Jankovic J, Ashizawa T, Tan EK. Neurodegenerative diseases associated with non-coding CGG tandem repeat expansions. Nat Rev Neurol 2022;18(3):145–57
  • Hill DR, Huters AD, Towne TB, Reddy RE, Fogle JL, Voight EA, et al. Parkinson’s Disease: Advances in Treatment and the Syntheses of Various Classes of Pharmaceutical Drug Substances. Chem Rev 2023;123(23):13693–712.
  • Murakami H, Shiraishi T, Umehara T, Omoto S, Iguchi Y. Recent Advances in Drug Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease. Intern Med 2023;62(1):33–42.
  • Hoye AT, Davoren JE, Wipf P, Fink MP, Kagan VE. Targeting mitochondria. Acc Chem Res 2008;41(1):87–97.
  • Bradley LH, Fuqua J, Richardson A, Cholewo JT, Ai Y, Kelps KA, et al. Dopamine Neuron Stimulating Actions of a GDNF Propeptide. PLoS One 2010;5(3):e9752.
  • Subramaniam SR, Chesselet MF. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2013;0:17.
  • Hernandez-Baltazar D, Zavala-Flores LM, Villanueva-Olivo A. The 6-hydroxydopamine model and parkinsonian pathophysiology: Novel findings in an older model. Neurología (English Edition) 2017;32(8):533–39.
  • Ioghen OC, Ceafalan LC, Popescu BO. SH-SY5Y Cell Line In Vitro Models for Parkinson Disease Research-Old Practice for New Trends. J Integr Neurosci 2023;22(1).
  • Sznejder-Pachołek A, Joniec-Maciejak I, Wawer A, Ciesielska A, Mirowska-Guzel D. The effect of α-synuclein on gliosis and IL-1α, TNFα, IFNγ, TGFβ expression in murine brain. Pharmacological Reports. 2017;69(2):242–51.
  • Weng L, Zhang H, Li X, Zhan H, Chen F, Han L, et al. Ampelopsin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response through the inhibition of the NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways in microglia. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Mar 1;44:1–8.
  • Lee DS, Kwon KH, Cheong SH. Taurine Chloramine Suppresses LPS-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses through Nrf2-Mediated Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Mouse BV2 Microglial Cells. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017;975(1):131–43.
  • Nagatsu T, Mogi M, Ichinose H, Togari A. Changes in cytokines and neurotrophins in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neural Transmission, Supplement. 2000;(60):277–90.
  • Erta M, Quintana A, Hidalgo J. Interleukin-6, a Major Cytokine in the Central Nervous System. Int J Biol Sci 2012;8(9):1254.
  • Vawter MP, Dillon-Carter O, Tourtellotte WW, Carvey P, Freed WJ. TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta2 concentrations are elevated in Parkinson’s disease in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. Exp Neurol 1996;142(2):313–22.
  • Rehfeldt SCH, Silva J, Alves C, Pinteus S, Pedrosa R, Laufer S, et al. Neuroprotective Effect of Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside against 6-OHDA-Induced Damage in Undifferentiated and RA-Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(6):2914.
  • Shkundin A, Halaris A. IL-8 (CXCL8) Correlations with Psychoneuroimmunological Processes and Neuropsychiatric Conditions. J Pers Med 2024;14(5).
  • Atta-ur-Rahman, K H, RA S. Interleukin-8: An autocrine inflammatory mediator. Curr Pharm Des 1999;5(4):241–53.
  • Qazi BS, Tang K, Qazi A. Recent advances in underlying pathologies provide insight into interleukin-8 expression-mediated inflammation and angiogenesis. Int J Inflam 2011;2011:1–13.
  • Liu Z, Chen HQ, Huang Y, Qiu YH, Peng YP. Transforming growth factor-β1 acts via TβR-I on microglia to protect against MPP(+)-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss. Brain Behav Immun 2016;51:131–43.
  • Tesseur I, Nguyen A, Chang B, Li L, Woodling NS, Wyss-Coray T, et al. Deficiency in Neuronal TGF-β Signaling Leads to Nigrostriatal Degeneration and Activation of TGF-β Signaling Protects against MPTP Neurotoxicity in Mice. JNeurosci 2017;37(17):4584.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Duygu Dişli Çetinçay 0000-0002-3933-4556

Meltem Mecdi Kaydırak 0000-0002-6877-0269

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 27 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025Cilt: 64 Sayı: Özel Sayı: 1 (11. Ulusal Ürojinekoloji Kongresi Bildiri Kitapçığı)

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Dişli Çetinçay D, Mecdi Kaydırak M. Kadınların sağlık okuryazarlığı ile jinekolojik kanserlere yönelik farkındalıkları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. ETD. 2025;64(Özel Sayı: 1 (11. Ulusal Ürojinekoloji Kongresi Bildiri Kitapçığı):1-8.
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