The effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts on inhibiton of 3Clpro

Erhan Canbay; Meltem Kocamanoğlu; Cemrehan Fedacı; Öznur Çopur; Murat Ünlü; Yasemin Akçay; Eser Y. Sözmen

doi:10.19161/etd.1358629

EN TR

The effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts on inhibiton of 3Clpro

Abstract

The Sars-CoV-2 virus causes the COVID-19 disease, which is characterized by high mortality rate and symptoms such as severe acute respiratory failure. However, it has been proven that the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3Clpro) enzyme, which plays a key role in the replication of the Sars-CoV-2 virus, can be inhibited by certain natural compounds with a flavonoid structure. Flavonoids interact with the active site of the enzyme, resulting in enzyme inhibition. In this project, the aim was to determine the inhibitory concentrations of flavonoid molecules on 3Clpro and obtain the most effective extracts of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza Glabra L.), which is known to contain high levels of these molecules. The goal of our project is to investigate the effects of extracts obtained from licorice root using different extraction methods on the inhibition of the 3Clpro enzyme and their potential role in the treatment of Sars-CoV-2 virus infection. In our study, the phenolic content of these natural products was determined for the first time using LC MS/MS, and the inhibitory effect of these natural product extracts on the 3Clpro enzyme was also studied for the first time. When licorice root extracts were evaluated in terms of antioxidant parameters, the highest TEAC, FRAP, and DPPH levels were observed particularly in ethanol extracts. The extracts that showed the highest inhibition effect for the 3-CLpro enzyme of licorice root were respectively obtained by soaking at 80°C for 6 hours, soaking in an ultrasound bath for 20 minutes, soaking in water at 40°C for 24 hours, soaking in 60% ethanol, and soaking in 80% ethanol. The most studied bioactive compounds of licorice root in the literature are glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, isoliquiritin, and isoflavones. However, in this study, the phenolic acid and flavonoid content, which are not widely covered in the literature, were also examined. Among the compounds studied in licorice root, the most abundant compounds were found to be apigenin, pelargonin, cyanidin, maleic acid, ethyl ferulate, and chlorogenic acid

Keywords

Meyan Kökü Ekstraklarının 3Clpro üzerine inhibisyon etkisi

Öz

Sars-CoV-2 virüsü ölüm oranı yüksek, şiddetli akut solunum yetmezliği gibi semptomlara sahip COVID-19 hastalığına neden olmaktadır. Ancak Sars-CoV-2 virüsü replikasyonunda kilit role sahip 3 kimotripsin benzeri proteaz (3Clpro) enziminin flavonoid yapıda bazı doğal bileşiklerle inhibe edilebildiği kanıtlanmıştır. Flavonoidler enzimin aktif bölgesi ile etkileşime girerek enzim inhibisyonunu sağlamaktadır. Bu projede, flavonoid moleküllerin 3Clpro inhibe edici konsantrasyonlarının belirlenerek bu molekülleri yüksek oranda içeren meyan kökünün enzim inhibisyonunda etkili en doğru ekstraklarının elde edilmesi planlandı. Projemizin amacı flavonoid moleküllerinden zengin olduğu bilinen Meyan kökü (Glycyrrhiza Glabra L.) bitkisinin farklı ekstraksiyon yöntemleri ile elde edilen ekstraktların 3Clpro enziminin inhibisyonu üzerine etkisini ve Sars-CoV-2 virüs enfeksiyonunun tedavisinde olası rolünü araştırmaktır. Çalışmamızda hem bu doğal ürünlerin fenolik içeriği LC MS/MS ile ilk kez belirlenmiş hem de bu doğal ürün ekstrelerinin 3Clpro enzimi inhibe edici etkisi ilk kez çalışılmıştır. Meyan kökü ekstreleri antioksidan parametreler yönünden değerlendirildiğinde özellikle etanol ekstreleri ile en yüksek TEAC, FRAP ve DPPH seviyelerinin elde edildiği görülmüştür. Meyan kökü bitkisinin 3-CLpro enzimi için en yüksek inhibisyon etkisi gösteren ekstreleri sırasıyla 80 oC suda 6 saat bekletme, ultrasonikasyonda 20 dakika bekletme, 40 oC suda 24 saat bekletme, %60’lık etanolde bekletme ve %80’lik etanolde bekletme şeklinde olmuştur. Meyan kökü bitkisinin literatürde en fazla çalışılan biyoaktif bileşenlerini glisirizin, glisirhetinik asit, izoliquirin ve isoflavonlar oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise literatürde çok fazla yer almayan fenolik asit ve flavanoid içeriğine de bakılmıştır. Meyan kökü bitkisinde bu çalışmada çalışılan bileşikler içerisinde en fazla bulunan bileşikler apigenin, pelargonin, cyanidin, maleik asit, etil ferulat ve klorojenik asit olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Supporting Institution

Ege Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü BAP koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

22077

Thanks

Projeyi destekleyen (TSG-2020-22077) Ege Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü BAP birimine ve bitki ekstrelerini sağlayan dr. Henri Phytopharma firmasına teşekkür ederiz.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Erhan Canbay ^*
0000-0003-0948-1675
Türkiye

Meltem Kocamanoğlu
0000-0002-1018-6182
Türkiye

Cemrehan Fedacı
0000-0001-7191-5345
Türkiye

Öznur Çopur
0000-0003-2418-7626
Türkiye

Murat Ünlü
0009-0007-5798-0109
Türkiye

Yasemin Akçay
0000-0002-0497-9346
Türkiye

Eser Y. Sözmen
0000-0002-6383-6724
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 10, 2024

Submission Date

September 14, 2023

Acceptance Date

December 29, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 63 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1358629

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA45DP56JL

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

Vancouver

1.Erhan Canbay, Meltem Kocamanoğlu, Cemrehan Fedacı, Öznur Çopur, Murat Ünlü, Yasemin Akçay, Eser Y. Sözmen. The effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts on inhibiton of 3Clpro. EJM. 2024 Jun. 1;63(2):271-8. doi:10.19161/etd.1358629