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FoxM1 inhibition by Thiostrepton downregulates DNA damage response genes, enhancing sensitivity of breast cancer cells to therapy
Abstract
Aim: Chemotherapy resistance, often linked to the development of resistance against genotoxic agents, is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. FoxM1, a transcription factor frequently overexpressed in malignancies such as breast cancer, is strongly associated with genotoxic therapy resistance. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the effects of thiostrepton (THIO), a FoxM1 inhibitor, on the DNA damage response in HUVEC cells (non-malignant) and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (malignant)
Materials and Methods: THIO's impact on cell viability were evaluated in both cell lines using the MTT assay. Oxidative DNA damage levels were measured with the 8-OHdG kit, and apoptosis was assessed using the Caspase 3 ELISA kit. The expression levels of DNA damage response genes (BRCA-1, DNAPKC, FOXM1, RAD51, MRE11 and XRCC1) were analyzed by RT-PCR.
Results: MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited greater sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of THIO than HUVEC cells. In HUVEC cells, THIO caused a significant increase in oxidative DNA damage, whereas no such effect was observed in MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Conversely, breast cancer cells showed a significant increase in Caspase 3 levels. RT-PCR results revealed a marked downregulation of DNA damage response genes, particularly BRCA-1, DNAPKC, MRE11, FOXM1, and XRCC1, in both cell types.
Conclusion: THIO has been shown to inhibit FoxM1 expression and downregulate DNA damage response genes in both malignant and non-malignant cells, demonstrating its potential to enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to therapy by disrupting DNA repair pathways. However, its potential to induce oxidative damage in non-malignant cells underscores the need for further comprehensive studies to validate its therapeutic efficacy and assess its safety in normal tissues.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Giresun University
Project Number
SAĞ-BAP-A-250620-65
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Cancer Cell Biology , Molecular Targets
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Zekeriya Düzgün
0000-0001-6420-6292
Türkiye
Publication Date
June 10, 2025
Submission Date
December 18, 2024
Acceptance Date
January 24, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 1970 Volume: 64 Number: 2