The effect of exosomes on oocyte maturation

Turgay Barut; Hakan Darici; Meryem Akpolat Ferah

doi:10.19161/etd.1653074

EN TR

The effect of exosomes on oocyte maturation

Abstract

Aim: Numerous infertile patients face challenges in oocyte maturation during in vitro fertilization treatment. Hormonal dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal organelle distribution within the ooplasm, and biological, genetic, and epigenetic factors lead to oocyte maturation arrest. Oocyte maturation involves the secretion of extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes, by surrounding granulosa cells into the follicular fluid. This review examines the mechanisms by which exosomes influence oocyte maturation, evaluates their effects on oocyte maturation in diverse female infertile patient groups, discusses the therapeutic potential of exosomes in oocyte maturation. Materials and Methods: Studies published up to September 2024 were collected from the PubMed database. The analysis methodology included the following keywords: exosome or extracellular vesicles or exosomes in reproductive medicine and oocyte maturation, diminished ovarian reserve, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency and therapeutic potential of exosomes. This review focused on studies about exosomes in oocyte maturation and female infertility. The inclusion criteria for the studies were: studies involving patients diagnosed with (1) Premature ovarian insufficiency, (2) Diminished ovarian reserve, or (3) Polycystic ovary syndrome. Male factor infertility, tubal factor infertility, and endometriosis were excluded. Results: Existing literature demonstrates that exosomes exert crucial effects and a regulatory role on oocyte maturation. Exosomes modulate the processes of ovarian granulosa and cumulus cells to affect follicular development. Conclusion: The function of exosomes in oocyte maturation may be further clarified through detailed analysis of their specific proteins and therapeutic potential as a nascent alternative treatment for infertility, particularly in patients with diminished ovarian reserve.

Keywords

Eksozomların oosit Maturasyonu'na etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Çok sayıda infertil hasta, in vitro fertilizasyon tedavisi sırasında oosit olgunlaşma sürecinde zorluk yaşamaktadır. Hormonal düzensizlik, mitokondriyal disfonksiyon, ooplazma içinde anormal organel dağılımı, biyolojik, genetik ve epigenetik faktörler oosit maturasyonunun durmasına neden olmaktadır. Oosit maturasyonu sürecinde etrafını çevreleyen granüloza hücrelerinden eksozom olarak bilinen ekstraselüler veziküllerin folikül sıvısına salınımı gerçekleşmektedir. Bu derlemede oosit maturasyonunu eksozomların hangi mekanizmalarla etkilediği incelenmekte, çeşitli kadın infertil hasta gruplarında oosit maturasyonu üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmekte ve eksozomların oosit maturasyonundaki terapötik potansiyelleri ortaya konulmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Eylül 2024'e kadar yayınlanmış çalışmalar PubMed veri tabanından toplanmıştır. Arama stratejisi aşağıdaki anahtar kelimeleri içermiştir: eksozom veya ekstrasellüler veziküller veya üreme tıbbında eksozomlar ve oosit olgunlaşması ve azalmış over rezervi ve polikistik over sendromu ve erken over yetmezliği ve eksozomların terapötik potansiyeli. Bu derleme, eksozomların kadın faktörüne bağlı infertilitede oosit olgunlaşmasındaki rolünü araştıran çalışmalara odaklanmıştır. Çalışmalar için dâhil edilme kriterleri: (1) Erken over yetmezliği, (2) Azalmış over rezervi veya (3) Polikistik over sendromu tanısı almış hastaları içeren çalışmalar olmuştur. Erkek faktörüne bağlı infertilite, tubal faktöre bağlı infertilite ve endometriozis üzerine odaklanan çalışmalar hariç tutulmuştur. Bulgular: Mevcut literatür incelememiz, eksozomların oosit maturasyonu üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğunu ve düzenleyici bir rol oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Kanıtlar, eksozomların foliküler gelişimi etkilemek için ovaryan granüloza ve kumulus hücrelerinin fonksiyonlarını düzenlediğini göstermektedir. Sonuç: Eksozomların spesifik proteinlerinin ayrıntılı analizi ile oosit maturasyonundaki rolü daha detaylı aydınlatılabilir. Özellikle azalmış over rezervine sahip hastalarda infertilite tedavisinde gelecekte alternatif bir terapötik potansiyele sahip olduklarını düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Project Number

N/A

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmanın hazırlık, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallarına uygun davrandığımı; bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilmeyen tüm veri ve bilgiler için kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynaklara kaynakçada yer verdiğimi; kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı, çalışmanın Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)' in tüm şartlarını ve koşullarını kabul ederek etik görev ve sorumluluklara riayet ettiğimi beyan ederim. Herhangi bir zamanda, çalışmayla ilgili yaptığım bu beyana aykırı bir durumun saptanması durumunda, ortaya çıkacak tüm ahlaki ve hukuki sonuçlara razı olduğumu bildiririm.

Thanks

Bu çalışmayı yapma isteğimi destekleyen ve katkıda bulunan Tez Danışman'ın Prof.Dr. Meryem Akpolat Ferah ve tez çalışma sürecimde laboratuvarlarını bana açan eski kurumum Memorial Hastanesi IVF Merkezine ve Dr.Öğr. Üyesi Hakan Darıcı'ya, bu süreçte yaptığı değerli çalışmalarıyla bana her zaman örnek olan ve beni bu alanda çalışmaya cesaretlendiren hocam Prof.Dr. Yiğit Uyanıkgil'e, ayrıca yayınımın değerlendirilme sürecinde ilk üniversitem olan Ege Üniversite'si bünyesindeki Ege Tıp Dergisi editörü ve yayın kurulu üyelerine teşekkürü bir borç bilirim.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Histology and Embryology , Reproductive Medicine (Other)

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Turgay Barut ^*
0000-0001-5915-9292
United States

Hakan Darici
0000-0001-9393-554X
Türkiye

Meryem Akpolat Ferah
0000-0002-3419-1728
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 8, 2025

Submission Date

March 7, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 9, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 64 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1653074

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA85XK28WD

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

Vancouver

1.Turgay Barut, Hakan Darici, Meryem Akpolat Ferah. The effect of exosomes on oocyte maturation. EJM. 2025 Sep. 1;64(3):563-76. doi:10.19161/etd.1653074