Research Article

Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup

Volume: 65 Number: 3 September 3, 2026
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Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup

Abstract

Aim: Distal adding-on (DOA) is an important postoperative concern after thoracolumbar fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS); however, its mechanical drivers, particularly the role of sagittal spinopelvic compensation, remain poorly understood. Materials and Methods: We reviewed Lenke type 1 and 2 AIS patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up. To isolate biomechanical failure patterns and minimize confounding variables, a targeted, exploratory analysis was performed on the Lenke 1A subgroup (n=21). Firth penalized logistic regression was utilized as an exploratory method to identify preliminary "radiographic signals" rather than definitive associated factors, given the low-event nature of the cohort. Results: We analyzed 72 patients and found that 6.9% (n=5) experienced distal adding-on (DOA). A preliminary analysis of the Lenke 1A subgroup (n=21) revealed a potential failure pattern: all 3 DOA events occurred when the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) was placed at the last touched vertebra (LTV) level. Conversely, extending the fusion beyond this point was associated with a reduced risk of this outcome (p=0.030). Additionally, we identified a potential 'warning sign': patients who developed DOA showed a more anteverted pelvic tilt after surgery compared to those who did not (-3.67° ± 12.50° vs. 8.39° ± 6.41°, p=0.016). Conclusions: DOA remains a rare but relevant clinical challenge. Our exploratory findings suggest that the LTV may be an insufficient standalone landmark in Lenke 1A subtypes, and that pelvic anteversion may serve as a mechanical warning sign for potential junctional failure. These observations underscore the necessity of a more comprehensive, three-dimensional approach to LIV selection and require further prospective validation studies.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital

Ethical Statement

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Başakşehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital Ethics Committee

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Surgery (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 3, 2026

Submission Date

July 13, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 17, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 65 Number: 3

APA
Taşkala, B., & Baydar, A. T. (2026). Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 65(3), 556-562. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1993427
AMA
1.Taşkala B, Baydar AT. Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup. EJM. 2026;65(3):556-562. doi:10.19161/etd.1993427
Chicago
Taşkala, Baran, and Aydın Talat Baydar. 2026. “Distal Adding-on in Lenke 1–2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Focused Analysis of the Lenke 1a Subgroup”. Ege Tıp Dergisi 65 (3): 556-62. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1993427.
EndNote
Taşkala B, Baydar AT (September 1, 2026) Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup. Ege Tıp Dergisi 65 3 556–562.
IEEE
[1]B. Taşkala and A. T. Baydar, “Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup”, EJM, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 556–562, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.19161/etd.1993427.
ISNAD
Taşkala, Baran - Baydar, Aydın Talat. “Distal Adding-on in Lenke 1–2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Focused Analysis of the Lenke 1a Subgroup”. Ege Tıp Dergisi 65/3 (September 1, 2026): 556-562. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1993427.
JAMA
1.Taşkala B, Baydar AT. Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup. EJM. 2026;65:556–562.
MLA
Taşkala, Baran, and Aydın Talat Baydar. “Distal Adding-on in Lenke 1–2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Focused Analysis of the Lenke 1a Subgroup”. Ege Tıp Dergisi, vol. 65, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 556-62, doi:10.19161/etd.1993427.
Vancouver
1.Baran Taşkala, Aydın Talat Baydar. Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup. EJM. 2026 Sep. 1;65(3):556-62. doi:10.19161/etd.1993427

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