TR
EN
Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup
Öz
Aim: Distal adding-on (DOA) is an important postoperative concern after thoracolumbar fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS); however, its mechanical drivers, particularly the role of sagittal spinopelvic compensation, remain poorly understood.
Materials and Methods: We reviewed Lenke type 1 and 2 AIS patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up. To isolate biomechanical failure patterns and minimize confounding variables, a targeted, exploratory analysis was performed on the Lenke 1A subgroup (n=21). Firth penalized logistic regression was utilized as an exploratory method to identify preliminary "radiographic signals" rather than definitive associated factors, given the low-event nature of the cohort.
Results: We analyzed 72 patients and found that 6.9% (n=5) experienced distal adding-on (DOA). A preliminary analysis of the Lenke 1A subgroup (n=21) revealed a potential failure pattern: all 3 DOA events occurred when the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) was placed at the last touched vertebra (LTV) level. Conversely, extending the fusion beyond this point was associated with a reduced risk of this outcome (p=0.030). Additionally, we identified a potential 'warning sign': patients who developed DOA showed a more anteverted pelvic tilt after surgery compared to those who did not (-3.67° ± 12.50° vs. 8.39° ± 6.41°, p=0.016).
Conclusions: DOA remains a rare but relevant clinical challenge. Our exploratory findings suggest that the LTV may be an insufficient standalone landmark in Lenke 1A subtypes, and that pelvic anteversion may serve as a mechanical warning sign for potential junctional failure. These observations underscore the necessity of a more comprehensive, three-dimensional approach to LIV selection and require further prospective validation studies.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital
Etik Beyan
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Başakşehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital Ethics Committee
Kaynakça
- 1. Sponseller PD, Flynn JM, Newton PO, et al. The Association of Patient Characteristics and Spinal Curve Parameters With Lenke Classification Types. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;37(13):1138-1141. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31824054a5
- 2. Miyaoka Y, Uehara M, Banno T, et al. Selective Versus Non-Selective Thoracic Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Lenke 1B/1C Curves: Multi-Center Clinical and Radiographic Analysis at 2-Year Follow-Up. Medicina (B Aires). 2025;61(5):909. doi:10.3390/medicina61050909
- 3. Ifthekar S, Ahuja K, Sudhakar PV, et al. Is it Safe to Save Levels and Choose the Lowest Instrumented Vertebra as Touched Vertebra While Selectively Fusing Lenke 1/2 Curves? A Proportional Meta-Analysis of Existing Evidence. Global Spine J. 2023;13(1):219-226. doi:10.1177/21925682221091744
- 4. Joo YS, Hwang CJ, Cho JH, et al. Does Sacral Slanting Affect Distal Adding-on in Lenke Type 1A Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018;43(17):E990-E997. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000002722
- 5. Li T, Li Y, Wang X, Long Y. Risk factors for the progression of distal adding-on phenomenon after surgery in patients with Lenke type 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):30237. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-15714-1
- 6. Yang M, Zhao Y, Yin X, et al. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characteristics of the “Adding-On” Phenomenon in Idiopathic Scoliosis After Correction Surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018;43(11):780-790. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000002423
- 7. Qin X, Xia C, Xu L, et al. Natural History of Postoperative Adding-On in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: What Are the Risk Factors for Progressive Adding-On? Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1-8. doi:10.1155/2018/3247010
- 8. Lenz M, Oikonomidis S, Harland A, et al. Scoliosis and Prognosis—a systematic review regarding patient-specific and radiological predictive factors for curve progression. European Spine Journal. 2021;30(7):1813-1822. doi:10.1007/s00586-021-06817-0
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Cerrahi (Diğer)
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
3 Eylül 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
13 Temmuz 2026
Kabul Tarihi
17 Temmuz 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 65 Sayı: 3
APA
Taşkala, B., & Baydar, A. T. (2026). Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 65(3), 556-562. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1993427
AMA
1.Taşkala B, Baydar AT. Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup. ETD. 2026;65(3):556-562. doi:10.19161/etd.1993427
Chicago
Taşkala, Baran, ve Aydın Talat Baydar. 2026. “Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup”. Ege Tıp Dergisi 65 (3): 556-62. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1993427.
EndNote
Taşkala B, Baydar AT (01 Eylül 2026) Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup. Ege Tıp Dergisi 65 3 556–562.
IEEE
[1]B. Taşkala ve A. T. Baydar, “Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup”, ETD, c. 65, sy 3, ss. 556–562, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.19161/etd.1993427.
ISNAD
Taşkala, Baran - Baydar, Aydın Talat. “Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup”. Ege Tıp Dergisi 65/3 (01 Eylül 2026): 556-562. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1993427.
JAMA
1.Taşkala B, Baydar AT. Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup. ETD. 2026;65:556–562.
MLA
Taşkala, Baran, ve Aydın Talat Baydar. “Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup”. Ege Tıp Dergisi, c. 65, sy 3, Eylül 2026, ss. 556-62, doi:10.19161/etd.1993427.
Vancouver
1.Baran Taşkala, Aydın Talat Baydar. Distal adding-on in Lenke 1–2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused analysis of the Lenke 1a subgroup. ETD. 01 Eylül 2026;65(3):556-62. doi:10.19161/etd.1993427