History Of The Stromal Cells: From Interstitial Cajal Cells To Telocytes - A Brief Overview Of The Human Telocytes And Their Possible Functions

Merjem Purelku; Gamze Tanrıverdi

doi:10.19161/etd.1308902

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History Of The Stromal Cells: From Interstitial Cajal Cells To Telocytes - A Brief Overview Of The Human Telocytes And Their Possible Functions

Abstract

In the organ microenvironment stromal cells make up an essential population, however research on them has been very limited. The stroma mainly consists of fibroblasts that reside together with mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, neurons, adipocytes, immune cells etc. The different morphologies and functional properties of stromal cells have led to subclassification of different cell types in connective tissue. Among them are the interstitial cells of Cajal and telocytes. Telocytes are one of the newer cells known for their small cell bodies and long telopods and have been recently identified in the connective tissue of many organs. Telocytes are strategically positioned near nerve endings, around blood capillaries and in close relation with particular cells. The network of telocytes is engaged in integrating information from multiple sources and coordinating the tissue homeostasis in response to the tissues local functional requirements. Extracellular vesicles provide a means of bidirectional communication, and their secretome appears to control the mechanisms of stem cell differentiation. Telocytes have been identified in various organs, specifically in human heart, lungs, brain, eye, thyroid, skeletal muscles, skin, salivary glands, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, gallbladder, liver, and organs of the male and female urogenital system. Additionally, given the heterogeneity of the organs in which telocytes are found, and their capability to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of various diseases, the concept of "telocytopathies" has emerged. In conclusion, telocytes are increasingly becoming a focal point for the understanding of idiopathic diseases that affect humans as well as the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and they have the potential to contribute to regenerative medicine.

Keywords

Stromal Hücrelerin Tarihçesi: İnterstisyel Cajal Hücrelerinden Telositlere - İnsan Telositlerine ve Olası İşlevlerine Kısa Bir Bakış

Öz

Stromal hücreler, birçok organda özelleşmiş mikro ortamların yaratılmasında önemli bir rol oynamasına rağmen bunlarla ilgili yapılan araştırmalar oldukça kısıtlı olmuştur. Stroma esas olarak fibroblastlar, mezenkimal hücreler, endotel hücreleri, perisitler, nöronlar, adipositler ve immün hücrelerden oluşur. Stromal hücrelerin değişik morfolojiler ve işlevsel özelliklere sahip olmaları, bağ dokusunda farklı hücre türlerinin alt sınıflanmasına sebep olmuştur. Bunların arasında Cajal'ın interstisyel hücreleri ve telositler de yer alır. Telositler, küçük hücre gövdeleri ve uzun telopodları ile bilinen ve yakın zamanda birçok organın bağ dokusunda tanımlanmış olan yeni hücrelerden biridir. Telositler, sinir uçlarının ve kılcal damarların yakınında olarak, belirli hedef hücreler arasında, oldukça stratejik bir konumdadırlar. Telositlerin görevi, birden fazla kaynaktan gelen farklı bilgileri entegre etme ve dokuların yerel fonksiyonel gereksinimlerine yanıt olarak doku homeostazını koordine etmektir. Hücre dışı vezikülleri, çift yönlü bir iletişim sağlarken, sekretomlarının, kök hücrelerin farklılaşma mekanizmalarını düzenlediği görülmektedir. Telositler aynı zamanda, insan kalbi, akciğer, beyin, göz, tiroid, iskelet kasları, deri, tükürük bezleri, gastrointestinal kanal, pankreas, safra kesesi, karaciğer, ve erkek ve dişi ürogenital sistemlerinde olduğu gibi birçok organda tanımlanmıştır. Buna ek olarak, telositlerin bulunduğu organların heterojenliği göz önüne alındığında, ve çeşitli hastalıkların etiyopatogenezinde rol oynayabilme kabiliyetleri, "telositopatiler" tanımını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Sonuç olarak, telositler, özellikle insanları etkileyen idiyopatik hastalıkların anlaşılmasında, yeni teşhis ve tedavi yaklaşımlarının geliştirilmesinde giderek odak noktası olmaktadırlar ve rejeneratif tıbba katkı sağlayabilme potansiyeline de sahiptirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Histology and Embryology , Health Care Administration

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Merjem Purelku ^*
0000-0003-2219-0231
Türkiye

Gamze Tanrıverdi
0000-0002-8646-0336
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 18, 2023

Submission Date

June 9, 2023

Acceptance Date

July 14, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 62 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1308902

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA43LY79RN

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

Vancouver

1.Merjem Purelku, Gamze Tanrıverdi. History Of The Stromal Cells: From Interstitial Cajal Cells To Telocytes - A Brief Overview Of The Human Telocytes And Their Possible Functions. EJM. 2023 Dec. 1;62(4):579-88. doi:10.19161/etd.1308902

Cited By

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Telocytes: history, origin, identification, structure, distribution, and functions

Histochemistry and Cell Biology

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-025-02413-1