Comparison of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality after occupational cadmium exposure in china and the world

İbrahim Demir

doi:10.19161/etd.1635649

TR EN

Çin ve dünyada mesleki kadmiyum maruziyetinden sonra trakea, bronş ve akciğer kanseri ölüm oranlarının karşılaştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Kadmiyum, insanlar için kanserojen olan ağır metal bir kirleticidir. Maruz kalım öncelikle yutma ve solunum yoluyla gerçekleşir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) mesleki hastalık yükü uygulama aracını kullanarak 2000, 2010 ve 2016 yıllarında Çin’de ve küresel düzeyde kadmiyuma maruz kalıma bağlı ölüm oranlarını, Engelliliğe Ayarlanmış Yaşam Yılları’nı (DALY) ve nüfusa atfedilebilir oranları (%) inceledik. Bulgular: Çin’de yıllar içerisinde kadmiyuma mesleki maruz kalım nedeniyle bronş, trakea ve akciğer kanserlerine bağlı ölüm oranında (100.000 kişide) bir azalma görülmemiş olup maruz kalıma bağlı ölüm oranı hala yüksektir. En son 2016 yılı verisine göre Çin’deki ölüm oranı (100.000 kişide) (,4269) dünya ortalamasına (,2002) göre yüksek olmasına rağmen; ölüm oranının (100.000 kişide) Avrupa (,4650) ile benzer, ancak Afrika (44,9514), Amerika (30,0927), Doğu Akdeniz (12,5471), Güneydoğu Pasifik (14,4381) ve Batı Pasifik (201,1176) bölgelerindeki ölüm oranlarından düşük olduğu belirlendi (p<,05). Yapılan karşılaştırmalar sonucunda kadmiyuma maruz kalıma bağlı olarak DALY sayısının (1000’ler halinde) yıllar içerisinde arttığı görülmektedir (2000: 3,82, 2010: 4,95, 2016: 5,55). DALY sayısının (1000'ler halinde) yıllar içerisinde anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlendi (p<,05). Ölüm oranları (100.000 kişide) yıllar içinde azalmaktadır (2000: 79,7906, 2010: 49,3388, 2016: 41,4298) (p<,05). Sonuç: Hızla artan sanayileşme nedeniyle kadmiyuma maruz kalıma bağlı morbidite ve mortalite oranları halen yüksektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Comparison of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality after occupational cadmium exposure in china and the world

Abstract

Aim: Cadmium is a heavy metal pollutant that is a human carcinogen. Exposure occurs primarily through ingestion and inhalation. Materials and Methods: In our study, we examined the mortality rates, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and population-attributable fraction (%) due to cadmium exposure in China and the world for the years 2000, 2010 and 2016 using the World Health Organization (WHO) occupational disease burden application tool. Results: In China, the mortality rate (per 100,000 of population) due to occupational cadmium exposure due to bronchus, trachea and lung cancer has not decreased over the years, and the mortality rate due to exposure is still high. According to the latest 2016 data, although the death rate (per 100,000 of population) in China (.4269) is higher than the world (.2002) average; the death rate (per 100,000 of population) was determined to be similar to Europe (.4650), but lower than the death rates in Africa (44.9514), Americas (30.0927), Eastern Mediterranean (12.5471), South-East Pacific (14.4381) and Western Pacific (201.1176) regions (p<.05). As a result of the comparisons made, it is seen that the number (for DALYs in 1000s) due to cadmium exposure has increased over the years (2000: 3.82, 2010: 4.95, 2016: 5.55). It was determined that the number (for DALYs in 1000s) showed significant differences over the years (p<.05). Mortality rates (per 100,000 of population) have been decreasing over the years (2000: 79.7906, 2010: 49.3388, 2016: 41.4298) (p<.05). Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality rates due to cadmium exposure remain high due to rapidly increasing industrialization.

Keywords

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma için herhangi bir maddi destek alınmamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Makalemde açık kaynak veri kullandığım için etik kurul onayına gerek yoktur.

Teşekkür

İlgili verileri sağladığı için Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'ne (DSÖ) teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

İş ve Meslek Hastalıkları , Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

İbrahim Demir ^*
0000-0003-3715-2844
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

8 Eylül 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

7 Şubat 2025

Kabul Tarihi

27 Haziran 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 64 Sayı: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1635649

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA47XU23NC

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

Vancouver

1.İbrahim Demir. Comparison of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality after occupational cadmium exposure in china and the world. ETD. 01 Eylül 2025;64(3):548-56. doi:10.19161/etd.1635649