Comparison of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality after occupational cadmium exposure in china and the world

İbrahim Demir

doi:10.19161/etd.1635649

TR EN

Çin ve dünyada mesleki kadmiyum maruziyetinden sonra trakea, bronş ve akciğer kanseri ölüm oranlarının karşılaştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Kadmiyum, insanlar için kanserojen olan ağır metal bir kirleticidir. Maruz kalım öncelikle yutma ve solunum yoluyla gerçekleşir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) mesleki hastalık yükü uygulama aracını kullanarak 2000, 2010 ve 2016 yıllarında Çin’de ve küresel düzeyde kadmiyuma maruz kalıma bağlı ölüm oranlarını, Engelliliğe Ayarlanmış Yaşam Yılları’nı (DALY) ve nüfusa atfedilebilir oranları (%) inceledik. Bulgular: Çin’de yıllar içerisinde kadmiyuma mesleki maruz kalım nedeniyle bronş, trakea ve akciğer kanserlerine bağlı ölüm oranında (100.000 kişide) bir azalma görülmemiş olup maruz kalıma bağlı ölüm oranı hala yüksektir. En son 2016 yılı verisine göre Çin’deki ölüm oranı (100.000 kişide) (,4269) dünya ortalamasına (,2002) göre yüksek olmasına rağmen; ölüm oranının (100.000 kişide) Avrupa (,4650) ile benzer, ancak Afrika (44,9514), Amerika (30,0927), Doğu Akdeniz (12,5471), Güneydoğu Pasifik (14,4381) ve Batı Pasifik (201,1176) bölgelerindeki ölüm oranlarından düşük olduğu belirlendi (p<,05). Yapılan karşılaştırmalar sonucunda kadmiyuma maruz kalıma bağlı olarak DALY sayısının (1000’ler halinde) yıllar içerisinde arttığı görülmektedir (2000: 3,82, 2010: 4,95, 2016: 5,55). DALY sayısının (1000'ler halinde) yıllar içerisinde anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlendi (p<,05). Ölüm oranları (100.000 kişide) yıllar içinde azalmaktadır (2000: 79,7906, 2010: 49,3388, 2016: 41,4298) (p<,05). Sonuç: Hızla artan sanayileşme nedeniyle kadmiyuma maruz kalıma bağlı morbidite ve mortalite oranları halen yüksektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Comparison of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality after occupational cadmium exposure in china and the world

Abstract

Aim: Cadmium is a heavy metal pollutant that is a human carcinogen. Exposure occurs primarily through ingestion and inhalation. Materials and Methods: In our study, we examined the mortality rates, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and population-attributable fraction (%) due to cadmium exposure in China and the world for the years 2000, 2010 and 2016 using the World Health Organization (WHO) occupational disease burden application tool. Results: In China, the mortality rate (per 100,000 of population) due to occupational cadmium exposure due to bronchus, trachea and lung cancer has not decreased over the years, and the mortality rate due to exposure is still high. According to the latest 2016 data, although the death rate (per 100,000 of population) in China (.4269) is higher than the world (.2002) average; the death rate (per 100,000 of population) was determined to be similar to Europe (.4650), but lower than the death rates in Africa (44.9514), Americas (30.0927), Eastern Mediterranean (12.5471), South-East Pacific (14.4381) and Western Pacific (201.1176) regions (p<.05). As a result of the comparisons made, it is seen that the number (for DALYs in 1000s) due to cadmium exposure has increased over the years (2000: 3.82, 2010: 4.95, 2016: 5.55). It was determined that the number (for DALYs in 1000s) showed significant differences over the years (p<.05). Mortality rates (per 100,000 of population) have been decreasing over the years (2000: 79.7906, 2010: 49.3388, 2016: 41.4298) (p<.05). Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality rates due to cadmium exposure remain high due to rapidly increasing industrialization.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No financial support was received for this study.

Ethical Statement

Since I use open source data in my article, there is no need for ethics committee approval.

Thanks

I would like to thank the World Health Organization (WHO) for providing relevant data.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Work and Occupational Diseases , Clinical Sciences (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

İbrahim Demir ^*
0000-0003-3715-2844
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 8, 2025

Submission Date

February 7, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 27, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 64 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1635649

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA47XU23NC

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

Vancouver

1.İbrahim Demir. Comparison of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality after occupational cadmium exposure in china and the world. EJM. 2025 Sep. 1;64(3):548-56. doi:10.19161/etd.1635649